2. FUNCTIONALISM
It is a general psychological philosophy that considers mental
life and behavior in terms of active adaptation to the person's
environment.
Proponents: Dewey, Mead, Carr and Angeli
Founder: William James
4. FUNCTIONALISM
A theory of mind in contemporary philosophy,
developed largely as an alternative to both the
identity theory of mind and behaviorism.
Its core idea is that mental states, are constituted
solely by their functional role - that is they are causal
relations to other mental states, sensory inputs, and
behavioral outputs.
5. FUNCTIONALISM
"When we repeat something several times,
our nervous systems are changed so that
each time we open a door, it is easier to open
than it was last time."
6. Contribution of Functionalism to
Education
Functionalism stresses that behaviour is adaptable to
new situation of life.
1.
2. The teachers and the principal should provide such
an environment to the students for learning as is
conducive to arouse and sustain their motivation in
learning.
7. 3.Functionalism tended to replace theoretically overloaded
curriculum by practical approaches.
4.Learning by doing was given a central place in the
methods of teaching learning.
5.Functionalism emphasized the study of the various
problems of the individual and their solutions.
8. 6.It contributed a lot to child psychology and mental
testing.
7.It pointed out the importance to understand the needs of
children at different age levels.
8. It stressed the aspect of utility.
9. 9. It led to the development of scientific inquiry in
education.
10. It initiated new methods of teaching and learning.
10. BEHAVIORISM
An approach to psychology that combines elements of
philosophy, methodology, and theory.
Psychology should concern itself with the observable behavior
of people and animals, not with unobservable events that take
place in their mind.
Proponents: John Watson and B.F. Skinner
11. A change in external behavior achieved through a large
amount of repetition of desired actions, the reward of good
habits and discouragement bad habits.
The "teacher" is the dominant person in the classroom.
The "learner" does not have any opportunity for evaluation or
reflection within the learning process.
In education:
13. Connectionism Theory
Edward L. Thorndike
It is known for the original S-R framework of
behavioral psychology.
Learning is the result of association forming between
stimuli and responses.
14. 3 Laws of Learning
Law of Effect
Law of Exercise
Law of Readiness
1.
2.
3.
15. John B. Watson
Humans are born with a few reflexes and the
emotional reactions of love and rage.All other
behavior is learned through S-R associations through
conditioning.
"Little Albert" Experiment
17. Contribution of Behaviorism to
Education
Behaviourism has given new methods and techniques
of understanding the child behaviour
1.
2. It has contributed to the understanding of the
emotions of the child.
18. 3. It has given new methodology of teaching known as
"programmed learning", which has been successfully
employed in several countries.
4.It points out that all behaviour is learnt in the process of
interaction with environment.
5.It emphasizes the importance of environment and its
impact on human growth.
19. 6. It has led to the development of new approaches,
methods and techniques of dealing with maladjustment in
children.
7. It has brought psychology out from the controversy of
mentalistic approach to human behaviour.
8. It has greatly contributed to the psychology of learning.
9.It has indicated the importance of motivation.
