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Fieldwork presentation v5
- 2. Outline • Introduction • About me • Research interests • Metaphors • Atomistic vs relational • Roles, relationships, values • Purpose
- 3. About me
- 4. Research interest ExperienceManagement Literature Change brings… Change brings… More forms Misery Employees are… Managers can be… Employees are… Managers are… Happiness Profit Efficiency Lacking in intelligence Resistant to change In need of manipulation Proactive Dynamic Clever Bureaucracy Really quite clever Misinformed Often treated like children Mistrusting Lacking change understanding Overly narrow focused
- 5. Metaphors From the Greek: meta (over, across) + pherein (to carry, to bear) Literally: to carry across or to transfer from one place to another Thus… to use a metaphor is to carry across our understanding of one domain of experience to another domain Without metaphor, nearly impossible to talk / think about: •Subjective experiences (i.e., emotions) •Abstract concepts
- 6. Metaphors Spot the metaphors: • The heads of department had a heated debate in which emotions ran high • If we want to launch this project we will need to gain buy-in from top- management • The fierce competition meant that the company had to search for a new strategic direction if it was to survive • Despite the growth of the company the market share has plummeted • Shareholders were unhappy when rumours about the merger reached the newspapers • So far the war on terror has claimed many casualties Benefits of metaphors • Provide insight into situations • Structure understanding • Capture lots of information in relatively compact form Potential dangers of metaphors • Can lead to dogma if used without being aware that a metaphor is used • Conceal as well as reveal aspects of a situation • Can justify certain courses of action
- 7. Metaphors Spot the metaphors: • The heads of department had a heated debate in which emotions ran high • If we want to launch this project we will need to gain buy-in from top- management • The fierce competition meant that the company had to search for a new strategic direction if it was to survive • Despite the growth of the company the market share has plummeted • Shareholders were unhappy when rumours about the merger reached the newspapers • So far the war on terror has claimed many casualties Benefits of metaphors • Provide insight into situations • Structure understanding • Capture lots of information in relatively compact form Potential dangers of metaphors • Can lead to dogma if used without being aware that a metaphor is used • Conceal as well as reveal aspects of a situation • Can justify certain courses of action
- 8. Atomistic root metaphor The world is a collection of elementary particles bouncing through space Entities have intrinsic properties A whole can best be understood by studying its basic elements and their properties Relational root metaphor The world consists of relationships which define the nature of entities Entities have relational properties A whole has properties which cannot be understood from its composite elements in isolation
- 11. Organisational metaphors Goal-seeking metaphor People and organisations can best be understood as seeking to fulfill a set of goals Relationship maintenance metaphor People and organisations can best be understood as seeking to maintain a set of desirable and evading a set of undesirable relationships through time
- 12. Roles, relationships, and values
- 13. Roles, relationships, and values
- 14. Roles, relationships, and values
- 15. Roles, relationships, and values
- 16. Relationship maintenance metaphor What goals do we want to achieve? What problems do we need to solve to achieve them? How do we solve these problems? Goal seeking metaphor What relationships do we want to maintain through time? What are the qualities of these relationships? What values underpin these relationships? What is the impact of the way we maintain these relationships? Whose interests are served by the maintaining these relationships, whose interests are not?
- 17. Purpose Developing a change methodology which: • Is participative • Leads to creative thinking • Treats people ethically • Minimises unintended negative consequences • Allow for the emergence of new opportunities
- 19. Are our concerns taken into account? Are our interests catered for? Does it support our thinking about change? Does it lead to concrete suggestions for action? Are data-protection guidelines followed? Are participants treated in an ethical way? Is confidentiality guaranteed? Are objectives met? Are resources invested well?
- 20. Is it methodologically rigorous? Are claims supported by evidence? Does it contribute to knowledge? Are interests of stakeholders met? Does research lead to a defensible thesis?
- 21. Activity What relationships do we as BIT want to maintain over time? Choose one important relationship and find a metaphor that says something about: • How you experience this relationship at present? • How would you want to experience this relationship in an ideal world?