5. Orem’s World of Academia
•1959- Dean of the School of Nursing at Catholic
University of America
•1976- Doctorate of Science from Georgetown
University
•1988- Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois Wesleyan
University
•1998- Doctor of Nursing Honoris Causa from University
of Missouri
8. Orem’s Theory
•Orem's Self Care Theory examines how people
or communities can achieve a healthy state
through self care, by themselves or with the
help of the nurse.
•Orem's Self-Care Theory describes a structure
wherein the nurse assists the client, where
needed, to maintain an adequate level of self-
care.
• The degree of nursing care and intervention
depends on the degree to which the client is
able (or unable) to meet self-care needs
10. How are the four key concepts related?
• The person (or patient/client) is the central focus of
nursing care.
• According to Orem, the person's health state is
mediated by his/her environment.
• A person, who is healthy, is capable of self-care. When
there is illness in the person's health state, the person
is not able to complete all self-care requisites. When
this occurs, nursing care is needed to assist the person
in completing his/her self-care.
• Nurses must assess the person's ability to provide
his/her own self care and the environmental context
of the person in order to overcome health-associated
limitations.
11. Metaparadigms: Person
•An individual, group of individuals or community
who have the ability to acquire the knowledge
necessary to perform tasks of self care.
•Ability to integrate self-care tasks and family,
community and individual needs.
•Motivation to accomplish self care tasks.
•Intellectual ability to cognitively perform, delegate
and evaluate tasks performed.
12. Metaparadigm: Health
•Promotes function and
development within social
groups in accordance with
human potential, known human
limitation, and the human desire
to return to normal
13. Metaparadigms: Environment
Environment:
•Orem considered man and environment as an
integrated system related to self-care.
•Environmental conditions conducive to
development include opportunities to be helped:
being with other persons or groups where care is
offered; opportunities for solitude and
companionship; provision of help for personal and
group concerns without limiting.
14. Metaparadigm:
Nursing
The skilled professional who evaluates
and acknowledges a patient’s health
deficit.
Nursing plans and implements care based
on the actual and potential self-care
deficits.
15. Clinical Practice Models for Patient
Assessment
Theory applies to multiple clinical settings
•Home
•By the patient alone or with assistance provided
•Doctor’s office
•Education provided and care supervised by a nurse
•Hospital
•Needs identified, assessed and plan of care
implemented
•Extended care facility
16. Theory is applied in order to:
•Help identify the patient’s ability for self-care
deficits that need to be addressed to promote
health.
•Help identify support available to patient such as
family and environment.
•Encourage patient to develop self-care abilities
17. Orem’s Theory Applied to Nursing Education
•Teaches the student to encourage
compensatory care in the patient
population.
•Conceptualize patients’ current and potential
self-care deficits.
•Supports the nursing process
