2. Which system is “best” is a complex, ethical,
social, and business decision
My extension philosophy is to help the
farmers design or manage the system they
want
Strong opinions, but they can all work
It all comes down to management
Choice depends on geography, existing
facilities, economics, and personal
preference
3. Economics
Location
Production practices
Barn type and design
Barn orientation
Stall design
Feeding system
Cow flow
Bedding material
Manure management
Cow information
Future expansion
Labor force
Ventilation
Lighting
Parlor type and size
6. A herd management scientist focuses on maximizing
the welfare of the farmer
Factors: buildings, animals, feeds, labor, medicine,
energy
Constraints: physical, economic, personal, and legal
Attributes (determine welfare): profit, prestige, free
time, animal welfare, product quality, and
environmental sustainability
(Dr. Anders Kristensen, Advanced Herd Management 2006)
7. Concurrently ensuring that the factors are combined in
such a way that the welfare of the individual farmer is
maximized subject to the constraints imposed on his
production
The “science” is deciding how to combine the factors
(Dr. Anders Kristensen, Advanced Herd Management 2006)
9. 9
Sand Freestalls Make
Manure Handling Too
Hard
Loose Housing
Requires Too Large of
a Building Footprint
That Bedding is
Too Costly
Artificial Floors
aren’t Soft
Enough
Compost
Barns Will
Cause Mastitis
15. Loose-housing with large, open resting area
Not your grandfather’s bedded pack barn!
Intensively managed compost process keeps
cows dry and clean
Risks for mismanagement higher than stall
barns
More management/less labor than stall barns
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Improved cow
comfort
(n = 28)
Improved cow
cleanliness (n = 14)
Low maintenance
(n = 11)
Good for heifers,
lame, fresh, problem,
and old cows
(n = 10)
Natural resting
position (no stalls)
(n = 9)
Improved feet and
legs
(n = 8)
Proximity to parlor
(compared to
pasture) (n = 8)
Decreased SCC
(n = 6)
Black et al., Journal of Dairy Science (2013): 96: 8060-
26. Increased heat
detection
(n = 6)
Ease of
manure
handling
(n = 3)
Increased dry
matter intake
(compared to
pasture) (n = 3)
Increased
production
(n = 3)
Increased
longevity
(n = 3)
Fewer leg and
teat injuries
(n = 2)
Minimizes time
standing on
concrete
(n = 2)
Black et al., Journal of Dairy Science (2013): 96: 8060-
27. Culling rate before and after moving
into a CBP barn used as primary
housing
Calculated using 12 months before move in and 6 to 12 months after move in
Black et al., Journal of Dairy Science (2013): 96: 8060-
28. Average Minimum Maximum
All Barns
Barn cost $85,362 $10,900 $300,000
Cost/cow @ 100 sqft/cow $855 $215 $1,875
Barns with Attached Feed Bunk
Barn cost $103,729 $30,000 $300,000
Cost/cow @ 100 sqft/cow $1,051 $421 $1,876
Barns without Attached Feed Bunk
Barn cost $51,454 $10,900 $155,000
Cost/cow @ 100 sqft/cow $493 $196 $833
36. Pathogen Isolated
Compost bedded pack barns
Total # of cases = 212
Total #of isolates = 214
Mean (± SE) # of cows =
190 ± 146
Sand freestall barns
Total # of cases = 87
Total # of isolates = 88
Mean (± SE) # of cows =
65 ± 25
Percent of total Percent of total
CNS 7.9 4.5
Environmental streptococci 16.8 19.3
Escherichia coli 29.0 21.6
Klebsiella species 1.4 3.4
Staphylococcus aureus 5.1 6.8
Yeast species 3.3 3.4
Other gram-negative species 13.5 6.8
Other gram-positive species 3.7 9.1
37. Severity
score
Compost bedded pack barns
total cases = 212
mean (± SE) cows = 190 ± 146
Sand freestall barns
total cases = 87
mean (± SE) cows = 65 ± 25
Number of
cases
Percent of total
cases
Number of
cases
Percent of total
cases
1 147 69.3 33 37.9
2 60 28.3 36 41.4
3 5 2.4 18 20.7
38. 227,695
259,193 259,478 258,252 260,411
303,612 316,896
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Compost &
Freestall
Compost Freestall Mixed Tiestall Bedded
pack
Pasture
Yearlymeanbulktanksomaticcellcount
(cells/mL)
Housing Type
ab ab bab baba
n = 14 n = 6
n = 36 n = 92 n = 12 n = 24n = 56
41. Important to cows well-being?
Potential benefits- improved immunity and health?
Increasing evidence suggests a clear link with the
immune system and disease resistance
Most research related to dairy cow sleep is based
on measuring lying time (Cooper et al., 2008,
Fisher et al., 2002, Munksgaard and Simonsen,
1996).
42. Klefot, et al., Journal of Dairy Science,
2016, Volume 99 , Issue 10 , 8477 - 8485
OSU/UT/UK Sleep Collaboration
Jessie Kull
Katy Proudfoot
Peter Krawczel
Gina Pighetti
Kevin Donohue
Bruce O’Hara
Jeffrey Bewley
47. • Providing less than 100
square feet of resting area
per cow is a recipe for
disappointment
• The amount of moisture
deposited through urine
and manure is too much to
overcome
3. Do Not Overcrowd