Basic Computer Operation

1. Jay Ar P. Esparcia
Computer Basics

2. Computer
Computer

3. Computer?
-machine
-device
-instrument or tool
- An electronic device capable of interpreting and executing the
program for input, output, computation and other operations.
Computer

4. Computer Basic Operations?
1. Input is the feeding of data.
2. Output is the result of processing data.
3. Storage means storing data or information by writing it
into a magnetic medium or any storage devices.
4. Process means manipulating or transforming data into
useful information.
Computer

5. Computer Competency
How much you have to know to be a computer
competent?
Computer Competency

6. The answer is simple:
YOU JUST LEARN WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.
You need not to know everything in a computer to be a
computer competent because you cannot learn
everything!
Computer Competency

7. According to Larry Long in his book, to be a computer
competent, you should:
1. Feel comfortable using and operating a system.
2. Be able to make use the computer work for you through
judicious development or use of software.
3. Be able to interact with the computer – that is, generate input
to the computer and interpret output from it.
4. Understand the impact of computers on society, now and in
the future.
5. Be an intelligence consumer of computers and compute
equipment.
6. Be an intelligence consumer of computer related products
and services.
Computer Competency

8. Computer System Capabilities
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Reliability
4. Memory Capability
Computer Competency

9. How are computer used?
1. Information/Data Processing
2. Personal computing
3. Science, research and Engineering
4. Process/Device Control
5. Education
6. Computer Aided Design(CAD)
7. Entertainment
8. Artificial Intelligence
Computer Competency

10. Classification of Computers
1. Microcomputers
– from the prefix micro, these computers are small-sized
computers. It appeared in early 1970’s. These computers
have the capability of multitasking and power to drive
several terminals from a single processor.
Computer Competency

11. Microcomputers are categorized into:
a. Desktop Computers – relatively small enough to fit on top
of a desk but are too big to carry.
Sometimes we call these as Personal
Computers (PC).
Computer Competency

12. Microcomputers are categorized into:
b. Portable Computers – small, light and can easily be carried
around. Portable computers may be a
laptop, a notebook, or a personal
digital asistance(PDA). Nokia Tablet
Computer Competency

13. Classification of Computers
2. Minicomputers
–are also known as midrange computers because of the
miniaturization of computer technology. The distinction of
minicomputer from mainframe and microcomputer is
difficult specify. It is used in smaller size companies for their
data processing needs such as accounting, inventory and
billing system.
Computer Competency

14. Minicomputer
First generation Digital Equipment
Corporation (DEC) PDP-8 in
1960’son display at the National
Museum of American History
Computer Competency

15. Classification of Computers
3. Mainframes
is the heart of a network of computers or terminals that allows
hundreds of people to work at the same time on the same
data. It requires a special environment – cold and dry. That
is why mainframes are powerful, bigger in size, and capable
of great processing speeds and data storage. PAL, GSIS, SSS
and other multi million companies rely on mainframes.
Computer Competency

16. Mainframe systems were manufactured extensively
throughout 1950
Computer Competency

17. Classification of Computers
4. Supercomputers
-is the fastest and so far, the most powerful computer today.
These machines are special and are dedicated to scientific
applications. These are used in very large organizations like
NASA to track down and control the spaceship.
Computer Competency

18. Weather supercomputer used to predict climate
change in Britain.
Computer Competency

19. Computer Hardware
a. Input devices
1. Keyboard – it looks like a typewriter because the
key arrangement is the same with the typewriter.
5 Parts of Keyboard
1. Typewriter Keys
2. Function Keys
3. Numeric Keys
4. Arrow Keys
5. Enter Key
Computer Competency

20. A Typical Keyboard
Computer Competency

21. Computer Hardware
a. Input devices
2. Mouse – a device that typically rolls on the
desktop. It is a hand-sized device that moved around
on a flat surface. A mouse has device s that sense the
direction and distance that is traveling.
Computer Competency

22. A Typical Mouse
Computer Competency

23. A Typical Mouse
Computer Competency

24. Computer Hardware
a. Input devices
3. Scanners – record images, text, drawings or
special symbols. The images are converted to digital
data that can be processed by a computer or
displayed on a monitor. There are different kinds of
scanner: image scanner, fax machine and bar code
reader.
Computer Competency

25. Scanner
Computer Competency

26. Scanner
Computer Competency

27. Computer Hardware
b. Output devices
1. Monitor – are called screen or video display. It is
a TV-like box that displays the computer’s output. It
consists of a cathode ray (CRT) and other circuitry.
Two Types of Monitor
Computer Competency

28. Computer Hardware
b. Output devices
Two Types of Monitor
1. Monochrome or green screen the common name in early
1960’s.
Computer Competency

29. Computer Hardware
b. Output devices
Two Types of Monitor
2. color
Computer Competency

30. The most common standards of a color monitor:
1. VGA (Video Graphic Array) is a popular display standard
developed by IBM and introduced in 1987, VGA provides
640 x 480 resolution color display screens with a refresh rate
of 60Hz and 16 colors displayed at a time. If the resolution is
lowered to 320 x 200, 256 colors can be displayed. VGA
capability is built into plug-in video cards, VGA chips, and
monitors that can work with the VGA cards.
Computer Competency

31. The most common standards of a color monitor:
2. SVGA (Super Video Graphic Array) or Ultra Video
Graphics Array is a set of video standards that is one step
above VGA. SVGA monitors are capable of displaying up to
16 million colors with a resolution of 800 x 600 on 14"
monitors or up to a 1200 x 1600 resolution on a 20" monitor.
In the picture to the right, is what the typical VGA/SVGA
connection looks like.
Computer Competency

32. The most common standards of a color monitor:
3. XGA (Extended Graphic Array)
is a high-resolution video display mode that
provides screen pixel resolution of 1,024 by 768 in
256 colors or 640 by 480 in high (16-bit) color. XGA
monitor s can be interlaced display
Computer Competency

33. Computer Hardware
b. Output devices
2. Printers – The output viewed in a monitor is
called softcopy while the output generated is called
hardcopy.
Computer Competency

34. Four Types of Printer
1. Dot matrix actually prints by hitting the paper
through a ribbon to make a mark on the paper.
2. Inkjet printer sprays small droplets of ink at the
high speed into the surface of the paper.
3. Laser printer it processes like a photocopier to
transfer toner to a page. Fast, quite and little bit
expensive type of printer.
4. Thermal printer uses heat elements to produce
images on heat- sensitive paper.
Computer Competency

35. Computer Hardware
b. Output devices
3. Speaker – let you hear the sound. All PCs come
with an internal speaker capable of producing
simple sounds. External speakers are normally
connected to the PC to output more complex and
exotic sounds.
Computer Competency

36. Computer Software
Software
is a set of instructions written in a code that
computers can understand. It directs computers to
perform specific tasks. Another name for the set of
instruction is program.
Computer Competency

37. Computer Software
Types of Computer Software
1. Application Software performs useful work on
general-purpose tasks such as word processing and
spreadsheet programs.
2. System Software enables the application software
to interact with the computer.
Computer Competency

38. System Software
A system software is consist of:
Bootsrap loader is a program that loads the operating system
from the hard disk into memory.
Diagnostic Routines test primary storage, the CPU and other
parts oft the system to make sure the computer is running
properly.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) enables the computer to
interpret keyboard characters and transmit those to the
monitor.
Operating System takes care of a lot of internal matters. The
most popular Os now are DOS, Windows, Macintosh,
Unix/Linux. Computer Competency