Please listen to the presentation, read detailed slides and return to first post to make your comments below the corresponding paper author's post. Session Chair: Thanaruk Theeramunkong Session Theme: Creative Research Environments & their Performance Session Number: 1 Paper No: 16 Session and Talk No: TS1-3 Type: Full Co-authors: ing Zhao, Yukari Nagai and Tao Shen Title: Effects of working plane design in working space on occupant’s mind concentration

1. KICSS 2020
Effects of working plane design in working space on
occupant’s mind concentration
1
Presenter: Jing Zhao
Knowledge Science,
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
1st Jing Zhao*，2nd Yukari Nagai，3rd Tao
Shen

2. 1. Steel case global report (2016), Engagement and the Global Workplace. Retrieved from: https://info.steelcase.com/global-employee-
engagement-workplace-report#engagement
2. Fisk, W. J., Black, D., & Brunner, G. (2012). Changing ventilation rates in US offices: Implications for health, work performance, energy, and
associated economics. Building and environment, 47, 368-372.Ajala E M. The influence of workplace environment on workers’ welfare,
performance and productivity[C]. The African Symposium, 2012.
3. Edwards, L., & Torcellini, P. (2002). Literature review of the effects of natural light on building occupants (No. NREL/TP-550-30769). National
Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO.(US).
1. Almost 87% employee are not highly satisfied with their working environment.1.
2. Changing of indoor air quality would lead to different human physical condition
and task performance2.
3. Not only daylighting could save the energy cost for building owners, but also it
could be good for the employees’ health and work productivity3.
➀
➁
➂
Environment and working performance
2
Background

3. 3
Background (1)
Personal Working place and working performance
1. height of partition in the personal working place. The high partition could protect the owner
from distracting1. and visual privacy is an important parameter about occupant satisfaction
2.
2. the setting of table and chair, like the angle, density in the personal working place, they
are the elements that could affect occupant’s mood3.
1. Al Horr, Y., Arif, M., Kaushik, A., Mazroei, A., Katafygiotou, M., & Elsarrag, E. (2016). Occupant productivity and office indoor environment
quality: A review of the literature. Building and environment, 105, 369-389.
2. Frontczak, M., Schiavon, S., Goins, J., Arens, E., Zhang, H., & Wargocki, P. (2012). Quantitative relationships between occupant satisfaction
and satisfaction aspects of indoor environmental quality and building design. Indoor air, 22(2), 119-131.
3. Kaye, S. M., & Murray, M. A. (1982). Evaluations of an architectural space as a function of variations in furniture arrangement, furniture
density, and windows. Human Factors, 24(5), 609-618.

4. 4
Background (2)
Strategies of Mind Concentration
1. Smell: Some fragrance could give a positive effect on improving the task
performance and mind concentration 1.
2. Sound: The tempo of background music could give a positive effect on mind
concentration 2.
3. Visual：the strong-to-week decreasing type of visual stimulation from
peripheral visual field could get good mind concentration in task performance
testing
1. 阪野貴弘. (2008). 香りが運動パフォーマンスと精神集中に及ぼす影響.
2. 阿部麻美, & 新垣紀子. (2010). BGM のテンポの違いが作業効率に与える影響. 日本認知科学会第 27 回大会発表論文集, 853-
859.
3. 高橋拓, 福地翼, 山浦祐明, 松井啓司, & 中村聡史. (2017). 周辺視野における妨害刺激の減衰が集中度に及ぼす影響 (Vol. 2017,
No. 7, pp. 1-8). 一般社団法人情報処理学会.

5. • Students are easier to get homework distracted during their study time at this internet age.
1
5
Background (3)
Students homework distraction
Questionnaire from college students 2
• almost 80 percent students are easy to get distracted when they are doing their
homework;
• A half of students think their efficiency of doing homework is not good;
• 60 percent students think the table background is a factor in getting distracted;
• more than a half students think the things above the table could get distracted.
1. Xu, J. (2010). Predicting Homework Distraction at the Secondary School Level: A Multilevel Analysis. Teachers College Record, 112(7), 1937-
1970.
2. https://www.wjx.cn/report/77727604.aspx

6. 6
Hypothesis1
Therefore if we use natural pattern as the background of working plane,
could it improve the human mind concentration in working place?
1. natural landscape has a positive impact on reducing stress and keeping
positive mood for occupant.1
2. humans have a strong reactivity to some natural things, like natural pattern.2
Because
1. Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M. A., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban
environments. Journal of environmental psychology, 11(3), 201-230.
2. Nabhan, G. P., St Antoine, S., Kellert, S., & Wilson, E. (1993). The loss of floral and faunal story: The extinction of experience. The biophilia
hypothesis, 229-250.
3. Fukami, T., Tera, A., & Nagai, Y. (2015). Creative Cognition Enhanced by Background Color. In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF
JSSD THE 62nd ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF JSSD (p. 172). Japanese Society for the Science of Design.
Besides Different background colors could lead to different creative cognition. 3

7. 7
Hypothesis2
Therefore
Is the indoor plants component that has positive impact on improving mind
concentration?
Based H1, if the natural background could lead to different human mind
concentration performance in working place, how about the real indoor plants?
Because
1. Chang, C. Y., & Chen, P. K. (2005). Human response to window views and indoor plants in the workplace. HortScience, 40(5), 1354-1359.
If there aren't indoor plants in the personal working place, the occupant would feel more
antsy than the situation of having indoor plants.1
Besides

8. Research method
1. Blink frequency:
In psychological area, it is often used as indicator of attention and concentration.1
2. Oxy-Hb concentration:
big value of changing in the concentration oxy-Hb means the high quality of mind
concentration. 2
3. Correct answer fill rate:
Experiment task is arithmetic test, correct answer fill rate is the evaluation of task
performance
4. Self-evaluation :
self-evaluation of mind concentration in that environment
8
Analysis method: paired-samples T test
1. 田多英興，福田恭介，山田冨美雄: まばたきの 心理学 瞬目行動の研究を総括する，北大路書 房，pp.48-49.1991.
2. Atsumori, H., Kiguchi, M., Katura, T., Funane, T., Obata, A., Sato, H., ... & Kubota, K. (2010). Noninvasive imaging of prefrontal activation
during attention-demanding tasks performed while walking using a wearable optical topography system. Journal of biomedical optics, 15(4),
046002.

9. 9
Experiment1
• From the pre-questionnaire: 90 percent students are using the table with one color
background;
• light warm color background table as the experimental setting for experiment 1.

10. 10
Experiment2
1. Designed a table background environment with natural pattern.
Natural pattern picture chose from the website of Pixabay 1. Select the most
popular picture from the keywords of Nature and Natural Animals. Printing it
out, setting it as the background for personal working table.
there are two kinds of pictures, one is a bright colors, another one is a little
dark colors. So, the participants selected favorite one of it as table
environment 2
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixabay

11. 11
Experiment3
1. Choose the green color, slight smell and not big size indoor plants for
experimental environment.
put coleostephus myconis and impatiens on the table
occupant gets greatest satisfaction in the green colour, slight smell and not big size indoor
plants environment. 1
1. Qin, J., Sun, C., Zhou, X., Leng, H., & Lian, Z. (2014). The effect of indoor plants on human comfort. Indoor and Built Environment, 23(5), 709-
723.

12. Procedure
12

13. 13
Data
1. Blink frequency
121.0833333
98.41666667 99.16666667
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
blinkfrequencytimes/5mins
single color natural picture indoor plants
P1-3<0.05
p1-2<0.05
2. Oxy-Hb concentration

14. 14
3. Correct answer fill rate 4. evaluation

15. conclusion
single color group lead to the worst task performance.
P values of two groups pairs are less than 0.05. they mean single color group have a statistically
significant difference with other two groups.
Single color—natural patterns，single color—indoor plants
natural picture group—indoor plants group
the natural pattern group is better than indoor plants group in the side of oxy-Hb data, but the
indoor plants group is better than natural picture group in the side of blink frequency, correct
answer fill rate and environment stimuli evaluation. P value is big than 0.05.
the natural things (natural patterns and the indoor plants) have the positive effect on the
student’s mind concentration when they are doing their homework.
Conclusion:
15

16. Thank for your attention!
16