1st language acquisition

1. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Group presentation of three girls.
 Name : Amna fayaz, Hifza imran , Amna iqbal
 Roll num : Eg2g , Eg21g , Eg33g.
 Topic : First Language Acquisition
 Date : 10 November 2021

2. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 It Refers to first-language acquisition, which studies infants'
acquisition of their native language.
OR
 This is the acquisition of the mother tongue.

3. INPUT
 Input is where human infants are certainly helped in their
language acquisition by the adults in the home
environment..
 Example: “tummy” , “mama” “poo-poo” “pee-pee” and
others.

4. CAREGIVER SPEECH
 Also described as “motherese” or “child- directed
speech”.
 The simplified and repetitive type of speech, with
exaggerated intonation and rhythm, often used by adults
when speaking to babies.
 Example: tata (give me), boo-boo (wound, hurt), moo
moo (cow), num num (eat), etc

5. THE AC QUISITION STAGES
There are Five main stages.
 Cooing
 Babbling
 The one- word stage
 The two- word stage
 Telegraphic speech

6. COOING
 Between 2-4 months.
 The child gradually becomes capable of producing vowel-
like sounds, such as [i] and [u]
 Repetition of the vowel sounds.
 Express satisfaction or pleasure.

7. BABBLING
 Between 6-8 months.
 The child produces a number of different vowels and
consonants, such as ba-ba-ba and ba-ba-da-da, which at times
can almost sound like a real speech.

8. THE ONE-WORD STAGE
 Between 12 – 18 months.
 One or two recognizable word.
 Resembles words or simple phrases.
 Words that utter everyday objects such as “milk” , “cat” ,
“spoon”

9. THE TWO-WORD STAGE
 Between approximately 18 and 24 months of age.
 during which children use two words at a time when
speaking.
Example:
 dog bone, mama cup, more milk.

10. TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH
 Between 2 – 3 years old.
 The child begins producing a large number that could be
classified as “multiple-word” speech.
 The child vocabulary has grown to hundreds of words
during this stage and pronunciation become more clearer.
Example; ‘Mummy eat lunch’

11. THE ACQUISITION PROCESS
There are five processes of Acquisition.
 Learning through imitation
 Learning through correction
 Developing morphology
 Developing syntax
 Developing semantics

12. LEARNING THROUGH
IMITATION
 Imitation helps toddlers firm up their knowledge.
 Children may repeat single words or phrases, but not the sentences
structures.
 It is likely that the children understand what are the sentences but
they express what they understand by their own.
 Example: The dog is sleeping = dog sleep

13. LEARNING THROUGH
CORRECTION
 “corrections” are a very effective determiner of how the child
speaks.
 The child will continue to use a personally constructed form,
despite the adult’s repetition of what the correct form should be.

14.  Example :
 Child : My teacher holded the baby rabbits.
 Mother : Did you say your teacher held the baby rabbits?
 Child : Yes.
 Mother : Did you say she held them tightly?
 Child : No, she holded them loosely.

15.  By the age of two and half years old child start using inflectional
morphemes that serves us grammatical function of the nouns and
verbs.
Example : -ing, Mommy eating.
 The second morphological development is marking of regural
plural with –s forms.
Example: -s boys, girls.

16. OVERGENERALIZATION:
 The term overgeneralization is most often used in
connection with language acquisition by children.
 For example, a young child may say "foots" instead of
"feet,"
 overgeneralizing the morphological rule for making plural
nouns.

17. DEVELOPING SYANTX
 In the formation of questions and the use of negatives. • The
child goes through with 3 stages
 Stage 1 occurs between 18 – 26 months
 Stage 2 occurs between 22 - 30 months
 Stage 3 occurs between 24 - 40 months

18. STA GE 1 OCCUR S BETW EEN 18 – 26
MONTHS
 (Forming Question)
Wh- form (Where, Who) to the beginning of the expression.
Examples :
Where mummy?
Who is that person?

19.  ( Forming Negatives)
A simple strategy of putting NO or NOT at the beginning.
Examples :
not a teddy bear
not sit here

20. STA GE 2 OCCUR S BETW EEN 22 - 30
MONTHS
 (Forming Question)
 More complex expressions can be formed.
Wh-forms, such as What and Why.
Examples :
What is mummy doing?
Why daddy is not home yet?

21.  (Negative Forms )
“don’t” and “can’t” appear, and with no and not.
Examples :
He not bite you
You cant dance

22. STA GE 3 OCCUR S BETW EEN 24 - 40
MONTHS
 The movement of the auxiliary in English questions
(I can have… -> Can I have…?)
Generally quite close to adult model.
Examples :
Can I have a piece?
Will you help me?

23.  (Forming Negative)
 Other auxiliary forms such as didn’t and won’t.
Examples :
I didn’t buy it.
She won’t let go.

24. DEVELOPING SEMANTICS
 During the two-word stage, children use their limited vocabulary to
refer to a large number of unrelated objects.
Overextension :
Overextend the meaning of a word on the basis of similarities of
shape, sound and size.
 Example : use ball to refer an apple, an egg or a ball.