Different soil and water conservation measures

1. GROUP 14 Presentation
18th October 2006
SOIL AND WATER
CONSERVATION

2. Soil erosion by water, wind and
tillage affects both agriculture and
the natural environment. Soil loss,
and its associated impacts, is one
of the most important (yet probably
the least well-known) of today's
environmental problems (BBC
2000; Guardian 2004).

3. "The threat of nuclear weapons and
man's ability to destroy the environment
are really alarming. And yet there are
other almost imperceptible changes -
I am thinking of the exhaustion of our
natural resources, and especially of soil
erosion - and these are perhaps more
dangerous still, because once we begin
to feel their repercussions it will be too
late." (p144 of The Dalai Lama's Little
Book of Inner Peace: 2002, Element
Books, London)

4. Use land according to its capability and treat it
according to its needs by applying suitable
scientific soil and water conservation measures
for maximum sustained production

5. • It takes nature 600 –1000 years to build 2.5
cm of top soil but get displaced in a year due
to misuse.
 6000 million tones of productive soil
is lost every year from about 80
million hectare of cultivated land
alone in India
 soil lost from unprotected land is
about 120 t/ha/yr and may go as
high as 300 t/ha/yr.

6. Soil & Water
Conservation
Erosion
Management
Water
Conservation
Soil Fertility
Mgmt
Vegetation
Management

7. Erosion
Management
Preventive
Measures
Control
Measures

8. Water
Conservation
In Situ
Management
Run-Off
Management
Water Table
Management

9. Soil Fertility
Management
Balanced
Nutrients
Nutrient
Recycling
Integrated
Nutrient
Management

10. Vegetation
Management
Crops Trees Pastures

11. ACTIVITIES to be taken :
Integrated Watershed management.
• Management of Jhum (Shifting Cultivation)
through
􀂾 Alternative farming systems.
􀂾 Improving the productivity of Jhum areas
• Reclamation of wastelands.
• Land Development – terracing, bunding,
and Reclamation of cultivable land.
• Streambank Erosion Control of cultivated
and cultivable lands.

12. • Water Harvesting to harness rainwater and
surface runoff
• Water Conservation and Distribution by
impounding water of streams and rivulets
• Afforestation of barren hillocks or degraded
• Agro-forestry by growing tree species
compatible with agricultural crops in
agricultural land.
• Horticulture/Plantation Crops Development
by growing of crops.
• Reclamation/Revitalization of Traditional
Water harvesting structures

13. Choice & Design of S & W
Conservation measures depend on :
Soil
Land Slope
Rainfall
Wind Characteristic of the
Area

14. Measures adopted are classified as
Agronomical
Biological &
Engineering Measures

15. Agronomical Measures:
Wind Erosion Control Measures :
Vegetative Cover
Strip Copping
Stubble Mulching
Tillage Practices
Sand Dune Stabilization
Windbreaks & Shelterbelts

16. Water Erosion Control Measures
 Contour Farming
 Strip Cropping
 Conservation Cropping System
 Mulching & Crop Residue
Management
 Vegetative Barriers/Live Bunds
 Ridges & Furrows/Dead Furrows
 Land Smoothing

17. Engineering Measures:
Contour/Graded Bunds
Stone Wall Terrace
Waterways with Vegetative Cover
Gully Plugging

18. Various types
of bunds

19. Bunds & Gullies

20. THANK YOU
GROUP 14 MEMBERS
PANKAJ SHARMA (Roll No 27)
SWETA SHARMA ( Roll No 55)