1. Kurdistan Regional Government – Iraq
Council of Ministers
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research
University of Salahaddin-Erbil
College of Science
Chemistry Department
Course Book
Course Syllabus for Petroleum Chemistry II
Third stage-Second Semester
2hrs/Week - 4 Units
2010/2011Academic Year
2. Course Syllabus for Petroleum Chemistry II
Instructor information:
Jabbar L. Ismail Agha
M.Sc.Oil& Gas Technology
Mobile: 00964 (0)7507608855
E-Mail: jabbar_chem@uni-sci.org
I may be unable to answer your emails immediately. Please give a 24 hour
response time for emails.
Office Hours:
Wednesday 8:30AM – 3:30PM
Please feel free to stop by my office anytime, even outside of office hours. I
am always here to help. We encourage you to express any questions or any
difficulties experienced during the course directly to us. We welcome, and in fact,
value your feedback so that we can make any changes as we learn together. We are
available for questions at any time during class or after class.
Prerequisites:
•Organic chemistry.
•Industrial chemistry.
Required Materials:
1- Text books:
a)) The chemistry and technology of petroleum (2007), 4th
Edition.
By: James G. Speight.
b)) Chemistry of petrochemical processes (2001), 2nd
Edition
By: Sami Matar and Lewis F. Hatch
c)) Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining (2009), 3rd
Edition.
By: Mohamed A. Fahim , Taher A. Al-Sahhaf & Amal Elkilani.
2- Students will need reliable access to the internet.
3- You are required to have a calculator.
Course Description:
This course includes a detailed overview of origin, evaluation, composition,
and classification of crude oil. Refining of crude oil will be discussed. A brief
overview of petroleum products and chemical process will also be included.
Course Goals and Objectives:
The purpose of this course provides the student with an opportunity to acquire
a basic scientific and technological understanding of the production &evaluation of
crude oil and petroleum products. The course is an excellent introduction to anyone
working in or interested in a career in the Oil companies.
3. Grading/Exams
Your final grade will be derived as follows:
• Quizzes:About 5 quizzes will be given throughout the semester. They will be
given at the beginning of the class period and last 10 minutes.5% of your
grade.
• Exams: There will be three closed book exams given throughout the semester.
Each test will be scheduled for 90 minutes.15% of your grade.
• Final Exam:The Final Exam is Comprehensive in all course outlines.30% of
your grade.
Make-up Exams
All exams will be given at the posted dates (after selection) and times only. If
you encounter an unforeseeable event and cannot take the exam on its scheduled date
and time, please contact me immediately to discuss your situation. Unforeseeable
events include a death in the family, disabling personal injuries, severe illness (e.g. 3
days).
Attendance:
I expect students to attend class. Much of the material covered in my lectures
is not covered explicitly in the books. Success in this course depends on your
attendance and on your participation in group activities that the instructor has
designed for the course. Attendance is mandatory; if you miss in the class, it is your
responsibility to obtain class notes and assignments.
Conduct:
• Please turn off all cell phones during class.
• Please respect others around you and remain quiet during class. If you feel
the need to converse, please step out.
Who is your Teacher?
I grew up in Erbil-IRQ, and received my Bachelor of Science in Chemistry
from Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq in 2003. From 2003-2006, I worked as a lab
instructor at the Department of Chemistry; and also received Master of Science in Oil
and gaseous technology from Burgas University, Bulgaria in 2008.
Course Coverage:
Introduction and origin of crude oil.
Composition and classification of crude oil.
Testing and evaluation of crude oil.
Pretreatment and distillation of crude oil.
Products from crude oil.
Chemical process in petroleum refining.
4. Each of these subjects is usually a semester course within the Petroleum
Engineering Curriculum; I will cover them in a few lectures.
5. Course program
1st
Week:
Introduction and origin of crude oil:
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Course outline
1.3. Origin of crude oil.
1.3.1. Abiogenic origin.
1.3.2. Biogenic Origin.
2nd
Week:
Composition and classification of crude oil:
2.1. Introduction.
2.2. Ultimate "Elemental" composition.
2.3. Chemical composition:
2.3.1. Hydrocarbon compounds:
2.3.1.1. Paraffin's.
2.3.1.2. Naphthenes.
2.3.1.3. Aromatic Compounds.
2.3.2. Non-hydrocarbon Compounds:
2.3.2.1. Sulfur Compounds.
2.3.2.2. Nitrogen Compounds.
2.3.2.3. Oxygen Compounds.
2.3.2.4. Metallic Compounds.
2.4. Classification of crude oil:
2.4.2.1. Classification as a hydrocarbon resource:
2.4.2.2. Classification by chemical composition:
2.4.2.3. Classification according to Correlation Index:
2.4.2.4. Classification by Density:
3rd
Week:
Testing and Evaluation of Crude oil:
3.1. Introduction.
3.2. Density, Specific Gravity and API Gravity.
3.3. Volatility.
3.4. Distillation Curve.
3.5. Pour Point& Cloud point.
3.6. Flash Point:
3.6.1. Open cup.
3.6.2. Close cup.
3.7. Fire Point.
3.8. Aniline Point & diesel index.
3.9. Ash Content.
3.10. Heat of Combustion.
6. 3.11. Salt Content.
3.12. Viscosity & Viscosity Index (VI).
4th
Week:
Continue ofTesting and Evaluation of Crude oil:
4.1. Viscosity-Gravity Constant (V.G.C).
4.2. n.d.M (n: Refractive index, d: Density, M: Freezing point).
4.3. Water content.
4.3.1. Dean-Stark Method.
3.3.2. Karl-Fischer Method.
4.4. Total acid number (TAN).
4.5. Total base number (TBN).
4.6. Octane number (ON):
4.6.1. Research octane number (RON).
4.6.2. Motor octane number (MON).
4.7. Cetane number (CN) &Cetane Index (CI).
4.8. Sulfur content.
4.9. Correlation Index (CI).
4.10. Carbon Residue.
4.11. Copper strip test.
4.12. Smoke point.
4.13. Dew point.
5th
Week:
Pretreatment andDistillation of Crude oil.
5.1. Introduction.
5.2. Pretreatment.
5.2.1. Desalting/Dehydration:
5.2.1.1. Electrostatic single-stage desalting systems.
5.2.1.2. Electrostatic double-stage desalting systems.
5.3. Heating of crude oil.
5.4. Distillation:
5.3.1. Atmospheric distillation:
5.3.1.1. Single-stage Atmospheric distillation.
5.3.1.2. Double-stage Atmospheric distillation.
5.3.2. Vacuum Distillation.
6th
Week:
Continue of Pretreatment and Distillation of Crude oil.
6.1. Other process:
6.1.1. Absorption and stripping.
6.1.2. Super fractionation.
6.1.3. Azeotropic distillation
Products from crude oil.
6.1. Introduction.
7. 6.2. Gases.
6.2.1. Introduction.
6.2.1.1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
6.2.1.2. Natural Gas.
6.2.1.3. Refinery Gas.
6.2.2. Properties and Test Methods.
6.3. Naphtha.
5.3.1. Introduction.
5.3.2. Production and Properties.
5.3.3. Test Methods.
7th
Week:
Continue of Products from crude oil:
7.1. Aviation Fuel.
7.1.1. Introduction.
7.1.2. Production and Properties.
7.1.3. Test Methods.
7.2. Gasoline.
7.2.1. Introduction.
7.2.2. Production and Properties.
7.2.3. Test Methods.
7.2.4. Gasoline Additives:-
7.2.4.1. Antiknocks:
7.2.4.2. Inhibitors for (a) Corrosion and (b) Oxidation.
7.2.4.3. Detergent.
7.2.4.4. Metal deactivator.
7.2.4.5. Antistatics.
7.2.4.6. Anti-icings.
7.2.4.7. Pre-ignition additive.
7.2.4.8. Gasoline dyes.
8th
Week:
Continue of Products from crude oil:
8.1. Kerosene.
8.1.1. Introduction.
8.1.2. Production and Properties.
8.1.3. Test Methods.
8.2. Diesel fuel.
8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Classification of Diesel fuel.
8.2.3. Production and Properties.
8.2.4. Test Methods.
8.2.5. Diesel additives:
8.2.5.1. Cetane improvement.
8.2.5.2. Lubricity.
8. 8.2.5.3. Antifoam.
8.2.5.4. Antiicing.
8.2.5.5. Antioxidant „Fuel stability“.
8.2.5.6. Metal deactivators.
8.2.5.7. Dispersants.
8.2.5.8. Corrosion inhibitors.
9th
Week:
Continue of Products from crude oil:
9.1. Lubricants.
9.1.1. Introduction.
9.1.2. Composition of Lubrication oils.
9.1.3. Production and Properties.
9.1.3. Classification of Lube oils according to the service:
9.1.3.1. Machine and Engine oils.
9.1.3.2. Turbine oils.
9.1.3.3. Transformer oils.
9.1.3.4. Colour oils „White oils“.
9.1.4. Test Methods.
9.1.5. Treatments of Lube oils.
9.1.5.1. Propane deasphalting.
9.1.5.2. Ketone dewaxing.
9.1.6. The Role of lubricants in engine.
9.1.7. Lubricant additives:
9.1.7.1. Viscosity index improver.
9.1.7.2. Antioxidants.
9.1.7.3. Pour point depressants.
9.2. Lubricating Grease.
9.2.1. Introduction.
9.2.2. Production and Properties.
9.2.3. Test Methods.
10th
Week:
Continues of Products from crude oil:
10.1. Distillate Fuel Oil.
10.1.1. Introduction.
10.1.2. Production and Properties.
10.1.3. Test Methods.
10.2. Residual Fuel Oil.
10.2.1. Introduction.
10.2.2. Production and Properties.
10.2.3. Test Methods.
10.3. Wax.
10.3.1 Introduction.
10.3.2 Production and Properties.
9. 10.3.3 Test Methods.
11th
Week:
Continues of Products from crude oil:
11.1. Asphalt.
11.1.1 Introduction.
11.1.2 Production and Properties.
11.1.3 Test Methods.
11.2. Coke.
11.2.1 Introduction.
11.2.2 Production and Properties.
11.2.3 Test Methods.
12th
Week:
Chemical process in petroleum refining:
12.1. Introduction.
12.2. Thermal conversion processes
12.2.1. Coking Processes
12.2.2. Delayed Coking
12.2.3. Fluid Coking
12.2.4. Viscosity Breaking (Vis-breaking).
13th
Week:
Continues of Chemical process in petroleum refining:
13.1. Catalytic conversion processes
13.1.1. Catalytic reforming.
13.1.1.1. Reformer Feeds
13.1.1.2. Reforming Catalysts
13.1.1.3. Reforming Reactions
13.1.1.3.1. Aromatization.
13.1.1.3.2. Isomerization.
13.1.1.4. Reforming Process
14th
Week:
Continues of Chemical process in petroleum refining:
14.1. Catalytic conversion processes
14.1.2. Catalytic cracking.
14.1.2.1. Cracking Catalysts
14.1.2.2. Cracking Reactions
14.1.2.3. Cracking Process
14.1.2.4. Deep Catalytic Cracking
14.2. Hydrogenation:
14.2.1. Hydrocracking Process.
14.2.2. Hydrotreating Process.
15th
Week:
Continues of Chemical process in petroleum refining:
15.1. Alkylation Process
15.1.1. Alkylation Feeds
15.1.2. Alkylation Catalysts
