Lm wellness massage g10

LM – WELLNESS MASSAGE Grade 10
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K to 12 Basic Education Program
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
HOME ECONOMICS
Wellness Massage
LEARNER‘S MATERIAL
GRADE 10

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover Page............................................................................
Table of Contents
Introduction...………………………………………………………. 4
Content Standard and Performance Standard……………… 4
Objectives……………………………………………………….. 5
Program Requirements………………………………………… 5
Learning Episodes……………………………………………… 5
How to Use the Module………………………………………… 6
Diagnostic Assessment…………………………………………… 7
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)…………… 14
Environment and Market (EM)………………………………….. 26
Quarter I Assess and Interview Client/s
Overview………………………………………………………… 44
Objectives……………………………………………………….. 44
Pre-Test 1……………………………………………………….. 45
Lesson 1 Plan the Wellness Program of Clients
LO 1 Assess/Interview Client……………………………… 49
1.1 History and Development Wellness Massage.. 49
1.2 Health Concepts……………………………… 55
1.3 Healing Concepts…………………………...... 55
1.4Identify the Vital Information
of the client/s ………………………………. 59
1.5 Relevant Information of the Client/s ………… 59
1.6Wellness Massage Techniques……………… 65
1.7Wellness Massage Services and Products… 65
1.8Wellness Program……………………………… 69
Post test ……………………………………………………… .. 70
Quarter II
Overview………………………………………………………… 73
Objectives………………………………………………………… 74
Pre-Test 2………………………………………………………… 74

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Lesson 2 Provide Pre-Service to Wellness Massage Client/s
LO 1 Provide Pre-Service to client/
2.1 Professional Conduct and Ethics and Preparation… 78
Communication Process …………………………….. 79
Communication Barriers ……………………………. 79
Telephone Etiquette ………………………………….. 80
Listening Skills ……………………………………….. 84
Principles of Listening ……………………………… 85
Non Verbal Communication ……………………….
Preparation of Appointment Schedule …………….
Client Consultation ………………………………….. 90
Essential Information of the client ………………… 92
Wellness Service Standards ………………………. 94
2.2 Conducting Preliminary Services to Clients …………..
Effective Customer Service
Workplace Policies and Procedures
Record Making
Preliminary Service Procedures
Wellness massage products, services and programs
Enhancement Activity……………………………
Post Test 1………………………………
Quarter III
Overview ……………………………………………………….……… 99
Objectives……………………………………………………………… 99
Pre-Test 3……………………………………………………………… 99
Lesson 3Apply Wellness Massage Techniques
LO 1 Apply Wellness Massage Techniques
Health Safety Procedure in Wellness Massage……… 106 - 140
3.2 Prepare Client for Wellness Massage Session …. 140-159
3.3 Perform Wellness Massage Techniques ………... 159-184
Enhancement Activity……………………………………
Post Test 3………………………………………………………….. 185-188
Quarter IV
Overview ……………………………………………………….. 189
Objectives………………………………………………………. 189
Pre-Test 4………………………………………………………. 192

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Lesson 4 Post-Advice and Post Services to Clients
LO 1 Provide Advice on Post Wellness Massage Services
4.1 Perform Aftercare Service ……………………….. 193-201
4.2 Identify and Explain the Wellness Products……. 202-205
4.3 Enumerate and Explain Other Services ……….. 206-208
Enhancement Activity
Post Test ……………………………………………………….. 209-212
Summative Test…………………………………………………….. 212-218
Synthesis ………..………………………………………………. 219
Glossary ………………………………………………………… 220-221
References…….…………………………………………………… 222-224

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Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one nomenclature in the
implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP). It is
composed of four components, namely, Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics,
Industrial Arts and Information and Communication Technology. In this
learning material, the focus is on a course in Home Economics –Wellness
Massage.
The course provides varied and relevant activities and opportunities to
determine your understanding of the key concepts and to demonstrate core
competencies as prescribed in TESDA Training Regulation in Cookery. Thus,
it aims to provide quality service to target clients alongside of assessing
yourself as to the aspects of business that you may consider to strengthen
and become part of the food provider sector.
The world of work today presents a picture of available jobs that are
getting scarcer each year. To address this reality, the Department of
Education is stretching its available resources, prioritizing needs, and
developing sustainable programs to lead and to prepare the young minds as
future skillful chef or any related job. The department further believes that it is
in honing the skills that the learner can have an edge over other job seekers.
DepEd endeavors to equip the learners with the appropriate knowledge,
attitudes, values and skills necessary to become productive citizen of our
society.
This learner‘s material is specifically crafted to focus on the different
activities that will assess your level in terms of skills and knowledge
necessary to get a Certificate of Competency and/or National Certification.
This will surely make you a certified wellness massage specialist.
Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of core concepts and theories
in wellness massage.
Performance Standard
The learner independently demonstrates core competencies in
wellness massage as prescribed in the TESDA Training Regulation.

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Objectives
Learners are expected to become proficient in performing skills on the
following competencies:
1. Discuss the relevance of the course.
2. Explain the basic concepts in wellness massage.
3. Strengthen ones PECs to undertake the course on wellness massage.
4. Explore on opportunities for wellness massage as a career.
5. Select a business idea based on the criteria and techniques set in wellness
massage.
6. Develop a product/service in Wellness Massage.
Program Requirements
Grade 10 students who will take Wellness Massage course as their
specialization in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) – Home
Economics should have successfully taken the exploratory course in Beauty
Care in Grade 7/8.
The student of this course must possess the characteristics of a
person who are incline in wellness massage and other related activities,can
communicate both in oral and written; physically and mentally fit; with good
moral character; and can perform basic mathematical computation.
Learners are expected to develop their knowledge and skills in
Wellness Massage and explore an opportunities for wellness massage. This
should be taken for one school year for a total of 160 hours. Lessons should
be taken one at a time, following the correct sequence being presented and
should accomplish the assessment or enhancement activities before
proceeding to the next lesson.
Along the learning process, learners of this course are required to
complete the 25-hour industry involvement to different wellness massage
salons to experience the actual workplace.
Learning Episodes
This learning resource is subdivided into four (4) quarters which may
serve as the recommended scope and limit for every academic grading
period. In every quarter there are lessons that comprise the learning
outcomes.
Before exploring the core competencies of Wellness Massage, you will
be guided on how to assess your own Personal Entrepreneurial

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Competencies and Skills (PECS) and demonstrate your understanding about
the Environment and Market.
Quarter I is compose of one lesson. Lesson I is all about planning the
wellness program of the clients
Quarter II is providing pre-service to wellness massage
Quarter III consists of lessons on applying wellness massage
techniques
Quarter IV covers lessons on post-advice and post-services to clients
Enjoy using this learner‘s material as your guide to become a
successful massage specialist in the future.
HOW TO USE THIS LEARNER’S MATERIAL?
Here are some reminders on how to use this material.
1. Answer the diagnostic assessment before you proceed to the different
activities. The diagnostic assessment determines how much you know
about the lessons and identifies the areas you ought to learn more. Your
teacher will check and analyze your score to determine your learning
needs.
2. This learner‘s material contains relevant information and activities. Go
over each activity carefully. If you encounter difficulties, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher for assistance. Do not skip any topic unless you are
told to do so. REMEMBER that each activity is a preparation for the
succeeding activities.
3. For every lesson/learning outcomes, perform the enhancement activities
to enrich the knowledge and skills.
4. After successfully finished the tasks, answer the post-test to be given by
your teacher. Your score will be analyzed and will be used by your
teacher for the computation of your grades.
5. Lastly, DO NOT mark the learner‘s material in any way.

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I. Multiple-Choice.
Direction: Read eachquestion carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer. Write the answers in your quiz notebook.
1. Some massage therapists focus on the shifts in awareness and
psychological insight that can be brought about with massage.
A. Transformational or psychotherapeutic massage
B. Pampering
C. Sports Massage
D. Relaxation/stress/ stress reduction.
2. Per Henrik Ling developed a system of passive and active exercises
known as Swedish Remedial Gynastics except _____.
A. ‗Effleurage‘,
B. ‗Petrissage‘,
C. ‗Vibration‘,
D. ‗Ventilation
3. This is part of the personal information form which indicates that a
massage will be helpful to the client and will influence the type of massage
given.
A. Past Personal Information
B. Past Medical History
C. Present Medical History
D. Present Personal Information
4. This refers to the type of massage treatment that can be found in some
spa and hair salons.
B. Pampering
C. Sports Massage
D. Relaxation/stress/ stress reduction
Diagnostic Assessment

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5. As early as 3000 BC, the _____nationalities practiced massage to cure
ailments and improve general health?
A. Chinese
B. Japanese
C. Vietnamese
D. Swedish
6. He was the Greek physician who used massage with oils and herbs to treat
medical conditions and diseases.
A. Herodicus
B. Abacus
C. Hepartacus
D. Eherodicus
7. This is the most widely used form of massage used for relaxation.
A. body massage
B. stone massage
C. sports massage
D. pregnancy massage
8. It implies exchange of messages by human being.
A. Communication Process
B. Communication Problem
C. Communication Standards
D. Miscommunication
9. As the communication process continues, it becomes a communication
_______.
A. cycle
B. stroke
C. routine
D. requirement

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10. Human communication consist of
A. 93% body language while only 7% of communication consists
of words themselves.
B. 95% body language while only 5% of communication consists
of words themselves
C. 90% body language while only 10% of communication
consists of words themselves
D. 80% body language while only 20% of communication
consists of words themselves
11.This person does the client consultation.
A.doctor
B. dentist
C. specialist
D. therapist
12. Do not make false claims for treatments, but explain the benefits _____.
A. fairly
B. practically
C. reasonably
D.realistically
13. Before picking up a phone you should discontinue to ______.
A. breathe
B.eat chewing gum
C. talk
D. smile
14. A type of massage wherein the hand is placed over the area and
vibrated either up and down or from side to side. The action produces
vibrations in the underlying tissue.
A. Vibration
B. Pounding
C. Frictions
D. Cupping

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15. The type of massage strokes in which pressure is applied to the tissues.
A. Vibration
B. Knead
C. Beating
D. Petrissage
16.A massage stroke that skims the surface of the tissues.
A. Vibration
B. Effleurage
C. Beating
D. Petrissage
17. A manipulation technique that lifts the muscle away from the bone and
moves itfrom side to side in a rocking manner.
A. Vibration
B.Effleurage
C.Muscle rolling
D. Petrissage
18. A massage strokes where the hands strike the tissues.
A. Vibration
B. Effleurage
C.Taponement
D.Petrissage
19.This helps eliminate the toxins from the body.
A. juice
B.tea
C. water
D. wine
20. This is a kind of food that helps the body to concentrate on healing.
A. light healthy meal
B. heavy healthy meal
C. more vegetables
D. juicy fruits

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21. This should be avoided for about 24 hours before performing aftercare
services.
A. alcohol
B. exercise
C. too much eating
D. drinking plenty of water
22.We usually feel this after treatment.
A. startle
B. creepy
C. canny
D.relaxed
23. It is the most common body reactions in the aftercare services.
A.aching/soreness of muscles
B. heightened emotional state
C. tiredness
D. dizzy
24. A word whichmeans anything that can cause harm.
A. risk
B. danger
C. hazard
D. warning
25. The safestsubstance found in spa salon
A. Oil
B. Disinfectant
C. Powders
D. Water
26. In the 5‘s methodology, Seiketsu is the Japanese term for ________.
A. standardize
B. self-discipline
C. sort
D. sweep

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27. The translated English word for seiri is ________.
A. sort
B. sweep
C. self-discipline
D. systematize
28.This can be done as an introduction to massage for clients who may not
come in for an office massage, or can be a continuing form of stress-
reduction therapy when done on a regular basis, as in the office setting
A. Chair Massage
B. Pampering
C. Chiropractic adjunct
29. Different origin of the word massage are the following except one,
A. mass
B. mass’h
C. masser
D. massege
30. This details will enable you to contact the client quickly if you
need to cancel or change an appointment or for any other reason.
A. personal records
B. doctors records
C. physical records
D. school records
II.TRUE or FALSE.Write T if the statement is true and F if false.
_______31. Drink plenty of water to hydrate & flush toxins.
_______32. You may feel a little light headed after the hot stone massage &
body massage aftercare
_______33. Home care advice is very beneficial for the client, as it involves
them in the treatment and encourages them to take control of
their condition.
_______34. Immediate bathing should be avoided, at least 6 hrs. after the
service is being advised.
_______35. Aftercare products may include but is not limited herbal products
and body oils.

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_______36. Eat light, easy to digest meals
________37. For the tense, overworked client she may be advised to
reduceworkload, that s/he makes time to rest, takes a relaxing
bath and goesto bed early.
_______38. Deep breathing exercises are helpful to everyone as they
increase the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon
dioxide.
_______39. After any massage, spa or holistic treatment, try to rest and relax
for the rest of the day, if not, for a few hours at least.
_______40. Making the clients feel welcome and at home with a friendly
―Hello is a nice gesture or strategy used in rebooking clients.
III. Fill in the blanks
Direction: Choose your answer from the box below and write it on the space
provided.
41. _______ is the chance, great or small that someone will be harmed by the
hazard.
42. _______ is technique of using a large towel or sheet to keep you covered
while you‘re getting a massage.
43. An ______ is a region of the body in which nerves arteries, or vein lay
close to the body‘s surface.
44. The time to gather and exchange information with the client is called
_____.
45. _______refers to standards and conducts of behaviour of an individual or
professional group.
46. __________refers to the type of massage treatment that might be found
in some spa and hair salons.
47. Massage is thought to increase _____ which is desirable in many
conditions.
48. _________ is the name of a workplace organization method that uses a
list of five Japanese words.
49.To gain the _____ of clients and establish an excellent reputation,
50. A customer first impression of your practice is formed during their first
____ of contact over the phone or in person
draping endangerment site risk ethics pampering
blood flow 5’s methodology consultation confidence
interpersonal communication

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Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
Content Standards Performance Standards
The learner demonstrates
understanding of one‘s PECs in
Wellness Massage.
The learner independently creates a
plan of action that strengthens and/or
further develops his/her PECs in
Wellness Massage.
Quarter I Time Allotment: 4 hours
Module 1
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Introduction
In this module you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the
entrepreneurial competencies related to Wellness Massage. You will have a
first-hand experience in educational activities leading to assessment of your
personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) and the entrepreneurial
competencies of a successful Wellness Massage Therapistswithin your
province. You will also have several activities that willalign your competencies
with those of successful practitioners. Moreover, this module will encourage
you to think about entrepreneurship and its role in the business community as
well as in the economic and social development of an individual.
To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are people with the skills and capabilities to see and
evaluate business opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically
identify products or services needed by the community, and have the capacity
to deliver them at the right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; they organize, manage
and assume risks of a business. Some of the good qualities of entrepreneurs
are: opportunity-seeker, risk taker, goal setter, excellent planner,confident
problem-solver, hardworking, persistent and committed.
Entrepreneurship on the other hand is not just a simple business
activity but a strategic process of innovation and new product venture

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creation. Basically, entrepreneurship is both an art and science of converting
business ideas into marketable products or services to improve the quality of
living.
Now that you have background knowledge about entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurship, you can now walk through in assessing your PECs. Always
remember that successful entrepreneurs continuously develop and improve
their PECs.
To begin, let us find out the competencies you will gain upon
completion of this module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify areas for improvement, development, and growth,
 align your PECs according to your business or career choice, and
 create a plan of action that ensures success in your business or career
choice.
Now try to take the first challenge in this module, the pre assessment.
Pre-assessment
As part of your initial activity, try to assess your prior knowledge and
experience related to personal entrepreneurial competencies. Answer Task 1.

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Task 1: Matching Type
Direction: Match the entrepreneurial competencies in column A with their
meaning in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.
A B
____1.Creative A. makes wise decisions towards the set
objectives
____2.Profit-oriented B. strategic thinking and setting of goals
____3.Disciplined C. trusting in one‘s ability
____4.Sound decision maker D. adoptable to change
____5. Possess people skills E. innovates to have an edge over other
competitors
____6.Excellent Planner F. solid dedication
____7.Confident G. skillful in record keeping
____8.Hardworking H. always sticks to the plan
____9.Ability to accept change I. work diligently
____10. Committed J. effective and efficient communication
skills and relates well to people K. always looking for an opportunity to
have/earn income.
Task 2: Guide Questions
Directions: The following are guide questions which covers the entire
module. Write your answers on your assignment notebook. Discuss / share
these to the class.
A. Explain why entrepreneurial activities are important to social
development and economy progress.
B. What entrepreneurial activities related to Wellness Massage do you
know and are capable of doing?

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C. If you were given the opportunity to own a business that relates to
Wellness Massage, do you think you will be confident to manage it?
Explain your answer.
D. What do you think are the most important competencies one must
possess in order to be successful in running a chosen business?
E. Name successful entrepreneurs from your province whose businesses
are related to Wellness Massage. Make sure you will be able to share
with the class the PECs that made them successful.
After all the guide questions are answered, share these with your
classmates. You may also compare your insigths, personal knowledge,
and relevant experiences on the topic to make the sharing more exciting
and engaging.
Learning Goals and Targets
After understanding the objectives of this module, having gone through
pre-assessment, and answering the guide questions, you will be asked to set
your own personal goals and targets. These goals and targets will urge you to
further achieve the ultimate objective of this module. In the end, these
ultimate goals will motivate you to learn more about PECs.
Figure 1: Strategic process to achieve the objectives of this module
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities
After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the
objectives of this module, check your inherent knowledge of PECs. Answer
the following guide questions with the help of your classmates.
Goals and
Targets
Learning
Activities
Ultimate Goal

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Task 3: Group Activity
Directions: Answer the following guide questions on a separate sheet of
paper. Share your answers with the class.
1. Explain the importance of assessing one‘s PECs before engaging in a
particular entrepreneurial activity.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
2. Are there other strategies or approaches where you can assess your
PECs? Explain how these strategies will become more useful in selecting a
viable business venture.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills,
and traits of a prospective entrepreneur? Why are these important?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
4. Why is there a need to assess one‘s PECs in terms of characteristics,
attributes, lifestyles, skills, and traits before starting a particular business?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
5. What is the significance of evaluating PECs of a successful entrepreneur?
What helpful insights can you draw from this activity?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.

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How was your experience in answering the guide questions with your
classmates? Were you able to benefit from them? What were the insights you
have realized?
This time you‘re going to study the different topics that will enrich your
knowledge of PECs. Read all the important details about the succeeding topic
carefully.
Assessment of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) and
Skillsvis-à-vis a Practicing Entrepreneurin a Province
Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that
should be possessed by an individual in order to perform entrepreneurial
functions effectively.In this module, you will learn some of the most important
characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits of a successful
entrepreneur or an employee to be successful in a chosen career.
Below are few important characteristics/traits/attributes of a good
entrepreneur:
 Hardworking: One of the important characteristics of a good
entrepreneur is hardworking. This means working diligently and
being consistent about it. Hardworking people keep improving their
performance to produce good products and/or provide good
services.
 Confident: Entrepreneurs have self-reliance in one‘s ability and
judgment. They exhibit self-confidence to cope with the risks of
operating their own business.
 Disciplined: Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the plan
and fight the temptation to do what is unimportant.
Know

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 Committed: Good entrepreneurs assume full responsibility over
their business. They give full commitment and solid dedication to
make the business successful.
 Ability to accept change: Nothing is permanent but change.
Change occurs frequently. When you own a business, you should
cope with and thrive on changes. Capitalize on positive changes
to make your business grow.
 Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to
stay in the business and in order to have an edge over the other
competitors.
 Has the initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must
put yourself in a position where you are responsible for the failure
or success of your business.
 Profit-oriented: An entrepreneur enters the world of business to
generate profit or additional income. The business shall become
your bread and butter. Therefore, you must see to it that the
business can generate income.
Listed below are the important skills of a successful entrepreneur:
 Excellent planner: Planning involves strategic thinking and goal
setting to achieve objectives by carefully maximizing all the
available resources. A good entrepreneur develops and follows the
steps in the plans diligently to realize goals. A good entrepreneur
knows that planning is an effective skill only when combined with
action.
 Possesses people skills: This is a very important skill needed to
be successful in any kind of business. People skills refer to
effective and efficient communication and establishing good
relationship to the people working in and out of your business. In
day-to-day business transactions, you need to deal with people. A
well-developed interpersonal skill can make a huge difference
between success and failure of the business.
Sound decision maker: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to
think quickly and to make wise decisions towards a pre-

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determined set of objectives. No one can deny that the ability to make
wise decisions is an important skill that an entrepreneur should
possess. Sound decisions should be based on given facts and
information and lead towards the pre-determined objectives.
To firm up what you have learned and have a better appreciation of the
different entrepreneurial competencies, read the PECs checklist below, then
answer the same.
Task 4: PECs Checklist
Directions: Using the PECs Checklist, assess yourself by indicating a check
(/) mark in either strengths and/or development areas column. Interpret the
results by counting the total number of check marks in each of the columns.
After accomplishing the checklist, form a group and share your insights and
experiences why you come up with that personal assessment.
Table 1: PECS Checklist
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of an
Entrepreneur
Personal Assessment in terms of:
Strength
Development
Areas
Hardworking - Working diligently
Self-confident - Confidence in one‘s ability
Discipline - Always stick to the plan
Committed - Solid dedication
Ability to accept change - Adoptable to change
Creative - Innovative to have edge over other
competitors
Profit-oriented - Always looking for income
Planner - Strategic thinking and setting of goals
People Skill - effective and efficient communication
and relation to people
Decision Making - make a wise decision towards the
set objectives
Process

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Possess people skill
- Effective and efficient communication skills
and relates well to people
Sound decision maker
- Makes wise decisions towards the set
objectives
TOTAL
Interpretation or Insight:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
How was your experience in discovering the strengths and the areas
you need to develop? Did you gain a valuable experience in exchanging
insights with your classmates? To learn more and deepen your understanding
of PECs, do task 5 below.
Task 5: Interview
Directions : In your province, interview a successful Massage Therapist or
entrepreneur whose type of business is related with Wellness Massage.
Focus your questions on PECs and other business-related attributes that
helped them become successful. Analyze the results of the interview and
reflect on the similarities and/or differences. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Reflect and Understand

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Sample Interview Guide
Name of Proprietor/Practitioner: ____________________________________
Age: _______________Number of Years in Business: _________________
Business Name: ________________________________________________
Business Address:______________________________________________
1. What preparations did you make before you engaged in this type of
business or job?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
2. What special skills and characteristics do you have that is related with
your business or job?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
3. How did you solve business-related problems during the early years of
your business operation?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
4. Did you follow the tips from a successful businessman or practitioner
before you engaged in your business?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
5. What best business practices can you share with aspiring
entrepreneurs?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
6. What do you think are the salient characteristics, attributes, lifestyle,
skills and traits that made you successful in your business or job?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

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Directions: Copy the tables below in your notebook or in a separate sheet of
paper. Gather the needed information from the interview to supply answer/s
to row 1 in the table below, after which, fill out the second row with your
PECs.
Personal
Entrepreneurial
Competencies Characteristics Attributes Lifestyles Skills Traits
Successful
Entrepreneur in
the province
My PECs
Using the information on the table above, analyze and reflect on the
similarities and differences in your answers. Put your reflection on the
table below. Write your conclusion on the space provided below.
Personal
Entrepreneurial
Competencies Similarities Differences
Characteristics
Attributes
Lifestyles
Skills

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Traits
Conclusion:
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let‘s
determine how much you have learned. Perform the Task 6 to determine how
well you have understood the lesson.
Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper / in your notebook the information
generated from task 5 (Interview) and prepare an action plan that
indicates alignment of your PECs to the PECs of a successful
entrepreneur in Wellness Massage in your province.
Objective Area Activities Strategies Time
Frame
Expected
Outcome
To align my
PECs with
the PECs of
a successful
entrepreneur
in Wellness
Massage.
Characteristics
Skills
Transfer

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Attribute
Traits
Task 7: Essential Questions
Directions: Read and study the following questions below. You may use a
separate sheet of paper or your notebook to write your answers.
1. Why is there a need to compare and align your PECs with the PECs of
a successful entrepreneur?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
2. How does your action plan help sustain your strong PECs and/or
address your development areas?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

28
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________.
3. What plan of action would you do to address your development areas?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________.

29
ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)
Content Standards Performance Standards
The learner demonstrates
understanding of environment and
market in Wellness Massage in
one‘s province.
The learner independently creates a
business vicinity map reflective of
potential market in Wellness
Massage in a province.
Quarter I Time Allotment: 4 hours
Module 2
Environment and Market
Introduction
Aspiring entrepreneur need to explore the economic, cultural, and
social conditions prevailing in an area. Needs and wants of the people in a
certain area that are not met may be considered business opportunities.
Identifying the needs of the community, its resources, available raw materials,
skills, and appropriate technology can help a new entrepreneur seize
business opportunities.
To be successful in any kind of business venture, potential
entrepreneurs should look closely at the environment and market. They
should always be watchful of existing opportunities and constraints, and to
take calculated risks. The opportunities in the business environment are
factors that provide possibilities for a business to expand and make more
profit. Constraints, on the other hand, are factors that limit business growth,
hence reduce the chance of generating profit. One of the best ways to
evaluate opportunities and constraints is to conduct a Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis.
SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool used to assess the environment. It
is used to gather important information which is then used in strategic
planning. Strengths and weaknesses are internal in an organization. They
relate to resources owned by an organization that you have control over and
also the extent of its marketing.

30
Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment.
Opportunities relate to the market, new technologies, and the external factors
such as government policies, climate, and trends. Threats replace what the
competitors are doing. It also includes legal and other constraints.
Now that you have read some important considerations to explore to
be successful in any business, you are now ready to explore more about the
environment and market.
To begin with, let‘s find out the competencies that you will master as
you finish this module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify what is of ―value‖ to the customer,
 identify the customer to sell to,
 explain what makes a product unique and competitive,
 apply creativity and innovative techniques to develop marketable
products, and
 employ a unique selling proposition (USP) to a product and/or
service.
Now that you have an idea about the things you will learn, take the first
challenge in this module – the pre-assessment.

31
Pre-assessment
Task 1: MultipleChoice
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is generated by examining the goods and services sold in the
community.
A. business creation C. business concept
B. business pricing D. business idea
2. It is a process of making new products which will be sold to the
customers.
A. product analysis C. product
development
B. product conceptualization D. product
implementation
3. These are luxuries, advantages and desires that every individual
considers beyond necessary.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
4. It is a factor or consideration presented by a seller as the reason that a
product or service is different from and better than that of the
competition.
A. unique selling plan C. unique pricing
policy
B. unique selling proposition D. finding value-added
5. A stage in which the needs of the target market are identified,
reviewed, and evaluated.
A. concept development C. project development
B. economic analysis D. refine specification
6. It is the introduction of new ideas to make the product and services
more attractive and saleable to the target customers.
A. new idea C. product development
B. creativity D. innovation
7. It is a managerial tool used to assess the environment and to gather
important information that can be used for strategic planning.
A. scanning C. WOTSAnalysis
B. SWOT Analysis D. surveyanalysis

32
8. It is creating names, symbol, or designs that identifies and
differentiates a product from the other products.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
9. It is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the
essence of the brand.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
10. These are things that people cannot live without.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
Task 2: Guide Questions:
Directions:Read and study the guide questions below. Use a separate
sheetof paper to write your answer.
1. How does one determine the product or services to be produced
and/or to be providedto the target customers?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. When can one say that a certain product has ―value?‖
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Does applying creativity to your product or services important? Why?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

33
5. How can one effectively respond to the needs of the target customer?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. From the viewpoint of business owner, discuss the importance of
scanning the environment and market in generating business ideas.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
7. Using self-assessment, explain the level of your confidence in
formulating a business idea.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
After the entire guide questions are answered and skills have been
mastered, share insights/ideas with your classmates. Discuss your insights,
personal knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it more
exciting and engaging.
Learning Goals and Target
After reading and understanding the objectives of this module and
having gone through the pre-assessment and guide questions, you will be
asked to set your own personal goals. These goals will urge you to further
achieve the ultimate objective of this module. In the end, these goals will
motivate you to learn more about environment and market.
Figure 2: Strategic process to reach the objectives of this module
Goals and
Targets
Learning
Activities
Ultimate Goal

34
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities
After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the
objectives of this module, you will have the opportunity to read and learn
more about environment and market. You will also be given a chance to do
practical exercises and activities to deepen your understanding of the topic.
Product Development
When we talk of product development,we are referring to a process of
making a new product to be sold by a business or enterprise to its
customers.Product development may involve modification of an existing
product or its presentation, or formulation of an entirely new product that
satisfies a newly-defined customer‘s needs, wants and/or a market place.
The term development in this module refers collectively to the entire
process of identifying a market opportunity, creating a product to appeal to
the identified market, and testing, modifying, and refining the product until
itbecomesready for production.
There are basic, yet vital questions that you can ask yourself about
product development. When you find acceptable answers to them, you may
now say that you are ready to develop a product and/or render services.
These questions include the following:
1. For whom are the product/services aimed at?
2. What benefit will the customers expect from product/service?
3. How will the product/service differ from the existing brand? From
its competitor?
In addition, needs and wants of the people within an area should also
be taken into big consideration. Everyone has his/her own needs and wants.
However, each person has different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in
business are the important things that an individual cannot live without in a
society. These include:
1. basic commodities for consumption,
2. clothing and other personal belongings,
3. shelter, sanitation and health, and
4. education.
Know

35
Basic needs are essential to an individual to live with dignity and pride
in a community. These needs can obviously help you generate business
ideas and subsequently to product development.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and
expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic
necessities of life. Some examples of wants or desires are: fashion
accessories,expensive shoes and clothes, travels, eating in an expensive
restaurant, watching movies, concerts,having luxurious cars, wearing
expensive jewelry and perfume, living in impressive homes, among others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of
business that you may engage in because it can serve as the measure of
your success. Some other points that might be considered in business
undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and
tradition, and their social orientation.
To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs
and wants of the customers. Another important issue to deal with is the key
concepts of developing a product. The succeeding topic shall enlighten you
about the procedure in coming up with a product.
Concepts of Developing a Product
Concept development is a critical phase in the development of a
product. In this stage, the needs of the target market are identified, and
competitive products are reviewed before the product specifications are
defined. The product concept is selected along with an economic analysis to
come up with an outline of how a product is being developed. Figure 3 shows
the stages of concept development of a product.

36
Figure 3: Stages of Concept Development
The process of product development follows the following stages:
1. Identify customer needs: Using survey forms, interviews, researches,
focus group discussions, and observations, an entrepreneur can easily
identify customers‘ needs and wants. In this stage, the information that can be
possibly gathered is product specifications (performance, taste, size, color,
shape, life span of the product, etc.). This stage is very important because it
would determine the product to be produced or provided.
2. Establish target specifications: Based on customers' needs and reviews
of competitive products, you can now establish target specifications of the
prospective new product and/or services. A target specification is essentially
a wish-list.
3. Analyze competitive products: It is imperative to analyze existing
competitive products to provide important information in establishing product
or service specifications. Other products may exhibit successful design
attributes that should be emulated or improved upon in the new product or
service.
4. Generate product concepts:After having gone through with the previous
processes, you may now develop a number of product concepts to illustrate
Concept
Development
Identify
Customer
Needs
Plan
Remaining
Development
Project
Establish
Target
Specifications
Generate
Product
Concepts
Select a
Product
Concept
Analyze
Competitive
Products
Refine
Specifications
Perform
Economic
Analysis

37
the types of products or servicesthat are technically feasible and will best
meet the requirements of the target specifications.
5. Select a product concept: Through the process of evaluation between
attributes, a final concept is selected. After the final selection, additional
market research can be applied to obtain feedback from certain key
customers.
6. Refine product specifications: In this stage, product or services
specifications are refined on the basis of input from the foregoing activities.
Final specifications are the result of extensive study, expected service life,
projected selling price among others are being considered in this stage.
7. Perform economic analysis: Throughout the process of product
development, it is very important to always review and estimate the economic
implications regarding development expenses, manufacturing costs, and
selling price of the product or services to be offered or provided.
8. Plan the remaining development project:In this final stage of concept
development, you can prepare a detailed development plan which includes
list of activities, necessary resources and expenses, and development
schedule with milestones for tracking progress.
Finding Value
People buy for a reason. There should be something in your product or
service that would give consumers a good reason to go back and buy more.
There must be something that will make you the best option for target
customers; otherwise, they have no reason to buy what you are selling. This
implies further, that you offer something to your customers that will make
them value your product or service.
The value you incorporate in your product is called value proposition.
Value proposition is a believable collection of the most persuasive reasons
why people should notice you and take the action you‘re asking for. It is what
gets people moving, what makes people spend for your product or service.

38
Innovation
Innovation is the introduction of something new in your product or
service. This may be a new idea, a new method, or a new device. If you want
to increase your sales and profit, you must innovate. Some of the possible
innovations for your products are change of packaging, improvement of taste,
color, size, shape, and perhaps price. Some of the possible innovations in
providing services are application of new and improved methods, additional
featured services, and possibly freebies.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
Unique Selling Proposition is the factor or consideration presented by a
seller as the reason that one product or service is different from and better
than that of the competition. Before you can begin to sell your product or
service to your target customers, you have to sell yourself in it. This is
especially important when your product or service is similar to your
competitors.
USP requires careful analysis of other businesses' ads and marketing
messages. If you analyze what they say or what they sell, not just their
product or service characteristics, you can learn a great deal about how
companies distinguish themselves from competitors.
Here's how to discover your USP and how to use it to increase your sales and
profit:
 Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. Always
focus on the needs of the target customers and forget falling in love
with your own product or service. Always remember, you are
making/providing this product not for yourself but for the target
customers to eventually increase sales and earn profit. Essential
question such as what could make them come back and ignore
competition, should be asked to oneself. Most possible answers may
be focused on quality, availability, convenience, cleanliness, and
reliability of the product or service.
 Identify customer’s desires. It is very important for you to understand
and find out what drives and motivates your customers to buy your
product or service. Make some effort to find out, analyze and utilize the
information that motivates the customers in their decision to purchase
the product or service.

39
 Discover customer’s genuine reasons for buying the product.
Information is very important in decision making. A competitive
entrepreneur always improve their products or services to provide
satisfaction and of course retention of customers. As your business
grows, you should always consider the process of asking your
customers important information and questions that you can use to
improve your product or service.
To enhance your understanding of the topic previously presented, you
will be tasked to form a group and arrange an interview with a successful
entrepreneur or practitioner. You have to document this interview and present
this to the whole class for reflection and appreciation.
Task 3: Interview
Directions: Selecta successful entrepreneur or practitioner. Conduct an
interview using the set of questions below. Document the interview and
present it to the class. Use a separate sheet of paper.
1. How did you identify your customers?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What were your considerations in selecting your customers?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Explain how your product or service became unique to other products.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Did you consult somebody before you engaged in this business? Cite /
give sample insights that you gained from the consultation.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Process

40
5. What were your preparations before you started the actual business?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. What creative and innovative techniques did you adaption the
development of your product or service? What was the effect of the
innovative techniques to the sales and profits of your business?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
7. What strategy did you consider to create a unique selling proposition to
your product or service?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Task 4: Browsing the Internet
Directions: To deepen your understanding of the lesson, perform the
following tasks:
1. Browse the internet and view the topics related to:
a. customers‘ needs and wants
b. techniques in identifying customers‘ needs and wants
c. creativity or innovations in products and services
d. unique selling proposition
e. product development
2. Prepare a short narrative report about these topics and discuss it to the
class. You can highlight the aspect that intensifies your knowledge of
product development.

41
Task 5: Product Conceptualization
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook. Develop your
own concept of your product or service by using the figures on this page.Use
bullets in every stage of product conceptualization in listing important key
ideas.
1. Identify
Customers Need
-
-
-
2. Target
Specifications
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3. Analyze a
Competitive
Product
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4. Generate Product
Concept
-
-
-
-
5. Select a product
Concept
-
-
-
-
-
-
6. Refine Product
Specification
-
-
-
-
-
7. Prepare a
Development Plan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Transfer

42
Generating Ideas for Business
The process of developing and generating a business idea is not a
simple process. Some people come upwith a bunch of business ideas thatare
not really feasible. There are two problems that arise; first is the
excessive generation of ideas that can forever remain as a dreaming stage
and the second is when they don‘t have ideas and don‘t want to become
entrepreneurs.
The most optimal way is to have a systematic approach in generating
and selecting a business idea that can be transformed intoa real business.
Here are some basic yet very important considerations thatcanbe used to
generate possible ideas for business:
1. Examine existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the
product? What do other people who use the product say about it? How
can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a product from the
way it is made to the way it is packed and sold. You can also improve the
materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you can introduce new
ways of using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the
customers‘ many needs. When you are improving the product or
enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can also do an invention
by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and
services are sold outside the community. Very often, these products are
sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the
customers, institutions, and communities are missing in terms of goods
and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and identified
right away. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only be
identified later on, in the event of certain development in the community.
For example, a province will have its electrification facility in the next six
months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think of electrically-
Know

43
powered or generated business such as photo copying, computer service,
digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products
and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is
to supply the products and services that meet the demands of the market.
The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or
services, and these may be people or institutions such as other
businesses, establishments, organizations, or government agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no
supply to a pressing market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services
such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.
4. Examine the available resources. Observe what materials or skills are
available in abundance in your area. A business can be started out of
available raw materials by selling them in raw form and by processing and
manufacturing them into finished products. For example, in a copra-
producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available as
―waste‖ products. These can be collected and made into coco rags or
doormats and charcoal bricks and sold profitably outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills that
can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the Mountain
Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed on from one
generation to another. Some communities set up weaving businesses to
produce blankets, decorative, and various souvenir items for sale to
tourists and lowlanders.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience
you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, or ICT
classes will provide you with business opportunities to acquire the needed
skills which will earn you extra income should you decide to engage in
income-generating activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around
with various things in your spare time. Many products are invented this
way.

44
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new
products and techniques or advances in technology. You can pick up
new business ideas from magazines such as Newsweek, Reader‘s Digest,
Business Magazines, ―Go Negosyo‖, Know About Business (KAB)
materials, and Small-Industry Journal. The Internet also serves as a
library where you may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also
guide you on how to put the right product in the right place, at the right
price, and at the right time.
Key Concepts of Selecting a Business Idea
Once you have identified business opportunities, you will eventually
see that there are many possibilities available for you. It is very unlikely that
you will have enough resources to pursue all of them at once.
You have to select the most promising one among hundreds of ideas.
It will be good to do this in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to
narrow them down to about few choices. In the next stage, trim down the
choices to two options. In the final stage, choose between the two and
decide which business idea is worth pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following
guide questions:
1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?
2. Where should the business be located?
3. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need
this product and will continue to need it for a long time?
4. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to
meet the needs (competition or demand)? How much of the need
is now being met (supply)?
5. Do you have the background and experiences needed to run this
particular business?
6. Will the business be legal and not against any existing or
foreseeable government regulation?
7. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which
ones among your many ideas are worth examining further and worth
pursuing.

45
Branding
Branding is a marketing practice of creating a name, a symbol or
design that identifies and differentiates product or services from the rest. It is
also a promise to your customers. It tells them what they can expect from
your product or service and it differentiates your offerings from other
competitors. Your brand is derived from who you are, who you want to be and
what people perceive you to be.
Branding is one of the most important aspects in any business. An
effective brand strategy gives you a major edge in increasingly competitive
markets.
A good product can:
- deliver message clearly,
- confirm credibility,
- connect to target prospect,
- motivate buyers, and
- concretizeuser loyalty.
Here are simple tips to publicize your brand:
 Develop a tagline. Write a statement that is meaningful,
impressive, and easy to remember to capture the essence of your
brand.
 Design a logo. Create a logo symbolic of your business and
consistent with your tagline and displace it strategically.
 Write a brand message. Select a key message to communicate
about your brand.
 Sustain a brand quality. Deliver a promise of quality through
your brand.
 Practiceconsistency. Be reliable and consistent to what your
brand means in your business.

46
In generating a business idea, you should first identify the type of
business suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the
potential environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your
competitors, analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in
your environment to ensure that the products or services you are planning to
offer will be patronized and within easy reach of target consumers.
How to conduct SWOT Analysis:
 Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business
when conducting SWOTAnalysis.
 SWOT Analysis should distinguish between where your business is
today, and where it can be in the future.
 SWOT Analysis should always be specific. Avoid any gray areas.
 Always apply SWOT Analysis in relation to your competition,
i.e. better thanor worse than your competition.
 Keep your SWOT Analysis short and simple. Avoid complexity and
over analysis.
 SWOT Analysis is subjective.
Task 6: SWOT Analysis
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook list down all your
observations for your business idea.Categorize your observations according
to strengths, weakness, opportunities and treats. After carefully listing them
down, use the stated strategies to come up with a sound analysis, activities
and best business idea.
Process

47
Strategies:
 SW- Maximize on the Strengths to overcome the internal Weakness.
 OW- Capitalize on the Opportunities to eliminate the internal
weakness.
 ST - Maximize on your Strengths to eliminate the external Threats.
 OT - Take advantage of the available Opportunities to eliminate the
external threats.
Strength (S) Weaknesses (W)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Opportunities (O) Threats (T)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

48
Analysis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Activities:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
My Best Business Idea:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
To deepen your understanding of the topics previously discussed, you
will be asked to perform the following activities:
Task 7: Extra Reading and Video Viewing
Reading books and watching videos have been considered as some of
the most effective educational activities that can help learners broaden their
understanding on a certain topic. In this particular task, you will be asked to
conduct extra reading and video viewing on the Internetwith the following
topics:
A. Steps in selecting a business idea
B. Criteria of a viable business idea
C. Benefits of a good brand
D. Ways on developing a brand
After successfully performing the assigned task, make a narrative
report about it and share it with the class.

49
Task 8: Designing a Logo
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook draw a logo that
you will use in your business. Provide a simple statement to describe your
logo.
Transfer
Tagline
Logo

50
Task 9: Making My Own Vicinity Map
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook draw a vicinity
map reflective of potential market in Wellness Massage in your province.
Provide a simple statement to describe your map.
Vicinity Map

51
Overview
What does it mean to focus on wellness?
Even during the ancient times, people were aware on curing ailments.
Massage was introduced and found in the caves. Wall drawings
and paintings were shown to people massaging each other. A mixture of
artifacts also found which contain traces of fats and oils mixed with herbs.
These indicate that lubricants may have been used, perhaps for healing,
soothing or beautifying purposes.
Nowadays, the traces of these curing ailments are very visible
to us. Different massage techniques are now being practiced. The essence
of enhancing the life style of everyone is to protect ones physical well-being
and to improve his ability in coping up stressors.
Frequently, these are simple techniques that most people just don't
give attention to. How many times we said or heard others say, "I don't have
time to exercise" or "I don't have time to relax?" Thus, a very important
contributor to wellness is attitude: a thought process that influences the way a
person approaches dealing with life.
This motivated most of the health professionals focus on treating these
ailments and several wellness programs are being implemented in offices,
hotels and even schools respectively. Also, wellness massage parlors are
now sprouting anywhere. Their focus is to encourage everyone to kick
unhealthy habits as well as to develop a sustainable plan to maintain their
health and wellness. This also helps to take preventive measures to control
illnesses and unhealthy behavior in an attempt to manage the cost of health
care, reduce absenteeism and improve morale.
Having thought of busy schedule now is the time to plan your wellness
program!
QUARTER 1
PLAN THE WELLNESS PROGRAM OF CLIENTS

52
A. Multiple Choice
Directions:Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your
choice in your quiz notebook.
1. This refers to the type of massage treatment commonly in some spa
and hair salons.
B. Pampering
C. Sports Massage
2. As early as 3000 BC, who among the nationalities practiced massage
to cure ailments and improve general health.
A. Chinese
B. Japanese
C. Vietnamese
D. Swedish
3. The Greek physician who used massage with oils and herbs to treat
medical conditions and diseases.
A. Herodicus
B. Abacus
C. Hepartacus
D. Eherodicus
4. The most widely used form of massage used for relaxation.
A. body massage
B. stone massage
C. sports massage
D. pregnancy massage
Pre-Test 1
Lesson Objective:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the skills and knowledge
required to consult with client/s and select and sequence a range of
wellness massage techniques as a program

53
5. A rapidly growing field encompasses athletic training massage, and
massage designed to help an athlete prepare for competition and
recover from competing.
B. Pampering
C. Sports Massage
6. The lymphatic drainage system removes excess _______.
A.fats
B.fluid
C. water
D. sweat from all over the body, returning it into the bloodstream
7. This can be done as an introduction to massage for clients who may not
come in for an office massage, or can be a continuing form of stress-
reduction therapy when done on a regular basis, as in the office
setting
A. Chair Massage
B. Pampering
8. This details will enable you to contact the client quickly should you
need to cancel or change an appointment or for any other reason.
A. personal records
B. doctors records
C, physical records
D. school records
9. The type of massage used for stress reduction.
A. Chair Massage
B. Pampering
10. Some massage therapists focus on the shifts in awareness and
psychological insight that can be brought about with massage.

54
B. Pampering
C. Sports Massage
D. Relaxation/stress/ stress reduction.
11. Per Henrik Ling developed a system of passive and active exercises
knownas ‗Swedish Remedial Gymnastics‘ and also a system of
massagemovements. Ling used the terms, except one (1)
A. ‗effleurage‘,
B. ‗petrissage‘,
C. ‗vibration‘,
D. ventilation
12. These details will indicate whether massage will be helpful to this client
and will influence the type of massage to be given,
A. Past Personal Information
B. Past Medical History
C. Present Medical History
D. Present Personal Information
13. Massage that releases the chronic patterns of tension in the body.
A. deep tissue massage
B. stone massage
C. sports massage
D. hand massage
14. Different origin of the word massage are the following except one,
A. mass
B. mass’h
C. masser
D. massege
15. These details indicate whether massage would be suitable for the client.
A. Massage Analysis
B. Arabic Analysis
C. Therapeutic Analysis
D. Psychological Analysis

55
16. All are included in the five elements of balance except
A. water
B. metal
C. earth
D. air
17. Which statement is true?
A. metal controls wood
B. earth controls fire
C. fire controls wood
D. wood controls metal
18. _______details that will enable to contact the client quickly.
A. massage analysis
B. personal details
C. contra-indication
D. other information
19. A kind massage that uses heated stones during the treatment
A. deep tissue massage
B. sports massage
C. relexology
D. stone massage
20. The following programs can be offered in a massage salon except.
A. pedicure
B. manicure
C. weight management
D.face surgery
Got perfect?
CONGRATULATIONS! You may now proceed to the next topic.
Not perfect?
Go over your previous topic and review the content.

56
Learning Outcome
 Discuss the concept of wellness
 Discuss the health and healing concept of wellness massage
 Explain wellness massage services and products
History and Development
Massage in Ancient Times
The earliest evidence of massage being used is found in the
cavepaintings of ancient cave dwellers. These wall drawings and paintings
show people massaging each other. Variousartifacts also found contain
traces of fats and oils mixed with herbs. These indicate thatlubricants may
have been used, perhaps for healing, soothing or beautifying purposes.
As early as 3000 BC, the Chinese practiced massage to cure ailments
and improve generalhealth. Records of this can be found in the British
Museum. Ancient Chinese books record listsof massage movements with
descriptions of their technique. One of these books, The Cong Fauof Tao-
Tse, also contains lists of exercises and massage used to improve general
health andwell-being. The Chinese found that pressure techniques were very
effective on specific pointsand they developed special techniques called
amma (see Figure 1). This was the beginningof the development of
acupressure and acupuncture.
Know

57
Ancient Chinese acupuncture and massagestudy figure, showing treatment points.
This ancient Persian document shows bathing and massage in a Turkish bath.
These massage techniques spread to Japan, where they were further
developed. The Japanese used similar pressure techniques on specific

58
points, which they called tsubo. This form of massage has been practiced
over the centuries; it has recently regained recognition and popularity and is
now known as shiatsu. Many therapists have studied these techniques, which
they combine with other forms of treatment for the benefit of their clients.
Records show that the Hindus practiced massage as part of their
hygiene routines. A sacred book called the Ayur-Veda (The Art of Life), which
was written around 1800 BC, describes how shampooing and rubbing were
used to reduce fatigue and promote well-being and cleanliness.
The Egyptians and Persians used massage for cosmetic as well as
therapeutic effects (see Figure 2). They mixed fats, oils, herbs and resins for
care of the skin and beautifying the body and face. Pots and jars containing
these creams have been found in Egyptian tombs. Cleopatra is said to have
bathed in milk and then to have been massaged with aromatic oils and
creams by her handmaidens.
The practice of massage spread from the east into Europe, where it
was well established by 500 BC.
Massage in Classical Greece and Rome
The Greeks believed in the cultivation of a healthy mind and body,
which is similar to the ‗holistic approach‘ practised by many people today.
Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practised by men and
women. They encouraged the pursuit of physical fitness and organised
regular sporting, gymnastic and athletic competitions. Massage was used
before events to improve performance and after events to relieve fatigue and
aid recovery. Gladiators and soldiers were massaged before battle to give
vigour and promote fitness and health, and afterwards to aid recovery,
healing and relaxation. Homer writes in the poem The Odyssey of Greek
soldiers being rubbed with oils and anointed by beautiful women to aid their
recovery and regain strength on return from battle.
Around 500 BC the Greek physician Herodicus used massage with oils
and herbs to treatmedical conditions and diseases. Hippocrates, who is now
thought of as the father of medicine,was a pupil of Herodicus. He began to
study the effects of massage on his patients. Heconcluded and recorded that
‗hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causesparts to waste
but moderate rubbing makes them grow‘. Hippocrates also concluded that it
wasmore beneficial to apply pressure in an upward direction, i.e. towards the
heart, as we practisetoday. In Hippocrates‘ day, the function of the heart and
the circulation of the blood were notknown. It is therefore remarkable that he

59
reached this conclusion only by observing the effecton the tissues of different
strokes. With our knowledge of the heart and circulating blood weunderstand
why pressure upwards is more beneficial: the condition of the tissues
improvesbecause deoxygenated blood and waste products are removed
quickly as massage speeds up blood and lymph flow. Even without the
benefit of this knowledge, Hippocrates taught his pupils that massage
movements should be performed with pressure upwards to promote healing.
The Romans followed similar routines to the Greeks. They practised
bathing, exercise andmassage for health and social relaxation. Large private
and public baths were built. Theseincluded water baths and steam rooms,
gymnasium and massage areas. The baths weremaintained at different
temperatures and progress was made from cold to hot baths. Wealthy
Romans would use these daily for cleansing, exercising, relaxing and
socialising. Servants werealways in attendance, with oils and creams to
massage their masters when required. TheRomans built similar baths in the
countries that were conquered by their armies. Many suchbaths were built
after the Roman conquest of Britain in 55 BC, and their ruins can be seen in
Britain today in towns and cities such as Bath, Caerleon and St Albans.
Massage techniquesrecorded from those times include manipulations known
as squeezing, pinching orpummelling. They relate to the petrissage and
percussion movements used today.
The Dark Ages to the Renaissance
Little is known about massage or health and beauty practices
throughout the Dark and Middle Ages, i.e. from the decline of the Roman
Empire around 500 AD until the Middle Ages around 1400 AD. Few records
remain from those days of wars, strict religions, superstition and persecution.
Little value was placed on education, the arts, physical health and fitness.
Following this period came the Renaissance (rebirth) in 1450 AD.
Interest in the arts and sciences flourished and there was renewed interest in
health practices. Once again we see massage advocated and practiced for
therapeutic purposes.
In the sixteenth century, the French surgeon Ambroise Paré (1517–90)
promoted and developed the use of massage. He was the personal physician
to four French kings. He is reputed to have successfully treated Mary Queen
of Scots with massage. Paré graded massage into gentle, medium and
vigorous. We use similar categories today, namely soothing or relaxing,
general, and stimulating. Many other physicians copied his methods and
massage was established medically.

60
The Development of Modern Massage Techniques
Modern massage techniques have evolved mainly from a system
developed by a Swedish physiologist called Per Henrik Ling (1776–1839). He
developed a system of passive and active exercises known as ‗Swedish
Remedial Gymnastics‘ and also a system of massage movements.Ling used
the terms ‗effleurage‘, ‗petrissage‘, ‗vibration‘, ‗friction‘, ‗rolling‘ and ‗slapping‘.
Most of these terms are still used today, but some changes and modifications
have been made in the groupings and names of manipulations.
Dr Johann Mezgner (1839–1909), a Dutch physician, developed
massage for use in rehabilitation and used it successfully to treat many
diseases and disorders. He adapted massage techniques in the light of his
knowledge of anatomy and physiology. His theories, based on sound
scientific principles, became accepted as medical practice and gained him
many followers, particularly in Germany and America.
The work of Ling and Mezgner established massage as an effective
therapeutic treatment. Techniques were taught in medical schools and the
beneficial effects became widely recognized and accepted in the medical
field. In England, the eminent surgeon John Grosvenor (1742–1823) used
massage to treat joints. He recommended massage for the treatment of
rheumatism, gout and stiffness of joints.
Nurses were encouraged to train and use massage for the treatment of
patients, under the guidance of doctors. In 1894 a group of women founded
the Society of Trained Masseuses. Rules and regulations for training and
examinations for qualifying were established. These women raised standards
and fought to establish massage therapy as a reputable profession.
Twentieth-Century Developments
During the First World War the demand for massage to treat the
injured grew and many more massage therapists were trained. Membership
of the Society of Trained Masseuses grew and in 1920 it amalgamated with
the Institute of Massage and Remedial Exercise. In recognition of the
valuable work contributed by its members during the war, a Royal Charter
was granted and the title was changed to the Chartered Society of Massage
and Medical Gymnastics. The title was changed again in 1943 and became
the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. In 1964 its members became state
registered. This protected and gave status to those qualified therapists who

61
were practicing in clinics and hospitals, and made it impossible for those
without a recognized qualification to practice in hospitals.
With the development of alternative electrical-based treatments, the
use of massage to treat medical conditions declined. There was rapid growth
in electrotherapy and eventually massageceased to be part of physiotherapy
training. It became little used as a therapeutic treatment in hospitals. There
was, however, a continuing demand for massage in clinics, health farms,
fitness and leisure centres.
In 1966 the City and Guilds of London Institute explored the possibility
of establishing a coursein beauty therapy to include massage. This course
would provide thorough training, backgroundknowledge and a recognized
professional qualification that ensured a high standard of practice.In 1968 the
first full-time course was offered in colleges of further education. The
BritishAssociation of Beauty Therapists and Cosmetologists, the International
Health and BeautyCouncil and other organisations also developed courses
and offered certificates and diplomas.The growth in complementary medicine
and the holistic approach to health has increased thedemands for well-
qualified practitioners, not only in massage but also in
aromatherapy,reflexology, shiatsu etc. Courses are now validated by the
Health and Beauty Therapy TrainingBoard and therapists must meet the
criteria of the National Council of Vocational Qualifications.
Time Travel:

62
Let‘s create a general history of massage using the given timeline.
Let ‘s read more about...
Health Concepts of Massage
3000 B.C. 1800 B.C. 500 B.C.
1570-1590 1776-1839 1839 - 1909
1450 A.D.
500 A.D –
1400 A.D.
1894 1968

63
Massage therapist are trained to focus on the fact that the bodyis an
integrated organism and that in order to treat a person effectively,we must
look at the whole picture. This includes not only the physicalsymptoms but
also the way other factors such as lifestyle, diet, and activitylevel relate back
to the changes we are seeing in the body. When deciding how to treat a
client, therapists must focus on restoringbalance to the system. Gathering as
much information as possible about the client sowe can see how the body
has changed its function and work to correctthe system.
Harmony of the Three Faculties (Mind, Body, Emotion)
The International Spa Association(ISPA) Education Committee
developed the10 Elements of the Spa Experience image shown. Their
goalwas ―to help define the elusive and ever changingnature of the spa
experience‖ and to ―create a foundation,a common language, and career path
for theemerging spa professional.‖ Many concepts, importantto the practice of
spa, emerge from the ISPA‘s dialogaround the 10 Elements image. The most
importantperhaps is the idea of integration. Everything isconnected. Feeling
beautiful, feeling joyous, feeling
healthy, and feeling energetic are signs of a balancedlife. A balanced life
requires both reflection and action.Spas provide a space where clients can

64
experience eachelement represented in the image and reflect on itspresence
or absence in their lives.
Movement andtouch is anappreciation of beauty, it is also our
connection to the environment, cultural expression, social contribution, the
healingquality of water, and nourishment both of the bodyand the soul are the
essential concepts on which spais founded. The spa experience can be life
changing.Far from being just a luxury, spa therapy represents the bold first
step toward a better form of health care. Its future is in the hands of those
dedicated therapistsand visionary spa owners who have the ability to
providea space where clients can experience balance andcelebrate life while
receiving exceptional care.
Balance of Five Elements(Wood, Fire, Water, Metal, Earth)
Thousands of years ago, people lived in a very close and interactive way
with Nature. They were affected by seasonal changes and whether much
more than we are today. Day in and day out the patterns of the seasons were
observed and interactions between the elements were understood. If there
was a drought, there would be fire. Too much rain would bring flooding and
dampness. Springtime brought activity and planting ; winter was a time to rest
and reflect.
In China, this observation of the season and elements was also applied to
our bodies and used as a way to heal illness and understand health. This
tradition views the world as being made up of Five elements.
These five elements (also known as the Five Phases) are: Wood, Fire,
Earth, Metal and Water. Each element has many associated qualities. Each
element also has a season, color, taste and Yin/Yang Organ Meridian pair
that reflect some of those qualities.

65
The Control Cycle balances the Creation Cycle by inhibiting or suppressing
the energy of the elements connected by lines to make a five pointed star.
 METAL controls WOOD by cutting it
 WOOD controls Earth by holding it in place with roots.
 EARTH controls WATER by containing and absorbing it
 WATER controls FIRE by extinguishing it.
 FIRE controls METAL be melting it.
Identifying the Vital Information of the Client
I. PERSONAL DETAILS - These details will enable you to contact the
client quickly should you need to cancel or change an appointment
or for any other reason. They will also enable you to seek advice
from his/her doctor should this be necessary.
 Name
 Address
 Date of birth
 Status
 Home and work telephone numbers
 Occupation
 Doctor‘s name, address and telephone number

66
 Vital signs/ BP Temperature
II. MASSAGE ANALYSIS - These details will again highlight contra-
indications that will indicate whether massage would be suitable for the client.
They will also provide information regarding the client‘s previous experience
of massage. Did s/he find it beneficial; are there any preferences, likes and
dislikes that should be recorded?
 contra-indications
 has client received massage in the past?
 how long ago?
III. OTHER INFORMATION - This information will help you formulate the best
treatment plan to meet the needs of the client. The plan should then be fully
explained to the client; s/he must be given the opportunity to ask questions
and given full answers to allay any concerns or fears. The long term objective,
the cost and timing must be agreed and a consent form signed by the client
reasons for requesting massage expectations from the treatment any
concerns or worries
 number of sessions
 did client benefit from the massage?
 reasons for requesting massage
CLIENT’S DATA REPORT SAMPLE:

67
Health History
1. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY - These details will enable you to establish
the client‘s state of health; the likelihood of any contra-indications as a
result of past illnesses; whether particular care must be taken over
certain areas and whether medical referral is necessary. If the client
suffers from a condition that is an absolute contra-indication (see page
115 on), then massage must not be given.
 surgical operations
 pregnancies
 serious illness
2. PRESENT MEDICAL HISTORY - These details will indicate whether
massage will be helpful to this client and will influence the type of
massage to be given, e.g. if the client is stressed then a relaxing
massage will be the choice. If there is pain and stiffness then the
massage will be adapted to meet these needs.
 Medication
 general health
 current treatments
 identification of stress: work, home or other sources
Let’s Try
Knowing your body and health condition would be a great help for a
massage therapist to know what kind of treatment he/she will apply to you.
Below are the lists of health conditions. Put a check in the column on the
health conditions that you have.
Yes No
Cardio vascular problem
Allergic reactions
Fragile skin
Under healing process
A pin or plate is inserted in your bone

68
CONTRA-INDICATION
Understanding contra-indications
Massage must always be given to bring about improvement, either of
specific conditions, or the general well-being of each client. Clients should
always feel that the treatment is beneficial and helping them to achieve their
desired results. Massage should never be given if there is any risk of harming
the client or making any condition worse.
The effects of massage may be harmful in certain circumstances. The
following explanations will help you to understand why massage should not
be carried out if certain conditions are present. There are dangers associated
with the following:
1. Cardio-vascular problems
Massage is thought to increase blood flow, which is desirable in many
conditions, but can be dangerous in others.
2. Lymphatic drainage
The lymphatic system removes excess fluid from all over the body,
returning it into the bloodstream. Because massage
increaseslymphatic flow, the rate in which these toxic substances are
carriedand spread around the body is increased. Be particularly aware
if theclient has swollen or painful lymph glands; do not massage, and
seek
medical advice.
3. Skin contact and friction
As the hands move over the client‘s skin, any bacterial, viral or fungal
infections can be spread over the skin to a non-infected area or onto
the therapist‘s hands. Infections may be transmitted from client to
therapist or from therapist to client in this way.
4. The healing process
Any injury or damage to the tissues or fractures of bones must be
allowed to heal completely before massage is given to the area. If
massage is given before healing is complete, there is a danger of
further damage to the tissues and delaying the healing process.
5. Pins and plates
If massage is performed over an area where pins and plates have
been inserted to stabilise bones and joints, there is a danger of their
becoming loose, and also, through the pressure of massage over any

69
protruding parts, there is a danger of damaging the surrounding soft
tissues.
6. Allergic reactions
The oil or cream etc. used as the massage medium may cause an
allergic reaction in some clients. This will produce an excessive
erythema: the area becoming very red and hot or a rash may appear.
Remove the medium immediately and wash in warm water.
7. Fragile skin
There is always a danger of breaking down fragile, thin skin, causing
open wounds. Particular care must be taken with diabetics and anyone
on steroid treatments as the skin may be fragile and healing may be
slow. Plenty of lubrication and light pressure only must be used.
8. Infections
It is common sense to avoid touching anything infectious such as
athlete‘s foot, eczema and also to treat someone if they have a
contagious disease such as chicken fox.
9. Inflammation
Deep massage worsens any type of inflammation, whether an inflamed
injury, irritable bowels, or an inflamed arthritic joint,. Indications of
inflammation include heat, pain or discomfort, swelling, and redness.
Light, gentle stroking, however, may offer some relief and comfort.
Threat undiagnosed inflammation under the skin (any unusual lump or
bump) with caution, It may indicate a cyst that might burst or, more
worryingly, a cancerous growth.
10.Cancer
One school of thought postulates that massage can spread cancer
through the lymphatic system. While this remains unproven and there
is much evidence to dispute the theory, it is a good idea to obtain
permission from a doctor before massaging people with cancer.
11.Pregnancy and Full Stomach
During the first three months of pregnancy, do not massage with any
pressure on the abdomen and lower back, this is the most common
time period for miscarriage, and massage can stimulate contractions.
During the two or three days of menstruation, massage on the
abdomen and lower back may make bleeding heavier, check your
partners preference before giving a massage. Avoid massaging if
someone has just eaten, as the massage could make them feel
nauseated.

70
Guess the word. This game is also called “The charade” where the
students will get the chance to remember the lesson in a fun way.
Mechanics:
1. Group the students into two (2).
2. Write down the different contra indications on a piece of paper and place it
on a ―Bowl of words‖
3. Ask the group to assign somebody who will act out the contra indications
written on a piece of paper which he/she earlier picked on a ―bowl of words‖.
4. The remaining members of each team will get the chance to say their
guess in 1 minute time.
5. If the group have not give the correct answer the contender of other group
get the chance to guess the word.
6. The group who got 3 correct answers will be announced as the winner.
How to create Inter/Intra Personal Relationship
Information Gatheringis important for the following reasons to establish
inter/intra personal relationship:
 Establishes a rapport with the client and put her/him at ease
 Develops mutual trust and gain the client‘s confidence
 to gain information on the client‘s past and present state of mental and
physical health
 to identify the client‘s needs and expectations of the treatment
 to establish the most appropriate form of treatment and to discuss and
agree this with theclient
 to explain the treatment fully to the client, including the procedure, expected
effects,
 to answer queries and questions related to the treatment and to allay
doubts and fears.

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