Diploma and Certificate in English and Arabic

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Western Australian School of Nursing Deploma Nurses Board of Western Australia Certificate of Registration Legally translated from English to Arabic

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Diploma and Certificate in English and Arabic

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Thoracotomy is the surgical procedure with an incision made to access the pleural space and the contents of the thoracic cavity. Given the structures to be accessed with in the cavity, different incisions have been established to easy the procedure and these incisions qualify the types of thoracotomies to be studied hereunder. PRE OP OPTIMIZATION FOR SPECIFIC FACTORS The outcome of surgical procedures is not measured only by clinical end points but also shorter stays and lower costs. Patients’ discharge is delayed commonly due to inadequate pain relief, infection, arrhythmias, prolonged air leak and debility. Many complications that occur from thoracic operations can be anticipated. An aggressive preoperative work up mitigates morbidity and shortens convalescence. APPROACH CONSIDERATIONS There are about three principles that can guides the choice of the thoracotomy incision to be used I. Adequate exposure must be achieved. The choice of incision is aided by a thorough understanding of the surface anatomy and a comprehensive review of the radiographic images that are obtained preoperatively. II. Chest-wall function and appearance should be preserved to the extent possible. This principle include non-spreading video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedures, muscle-sparing techniques, avoidance of excessive rib retraction, and rib preservation when possible. III. The third principle is that closure must be meticulous and appropriate. Strict layered closure is the rule for thoracic surgical incisions. Every effort should be made to approximate the individual divided chest-wall muscles in appropriate layers; otherwise, a significant delay in the recovery of range of motion (ROM) may result. Care must be taken to avoid over approximating the ribs and to prevent an override; this will help minimize postoperative pain. POST-OPERATIVE CARE AND MONITORING

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