Useful to know the different Immobilization & splints especially used in treatment of fractures. Details are given along with appropriate pictures, that will b easier for students to understand.

1. IMMOBILIZATION, SUPPORT &
BANDAGING

2. INTRODUCTION
• It can be done with –
– Splints
– Traction

3. SPLINTS
• It can be used in –
– Immobilization of fracture
– Support in other orthopedic conditions

4. Commonly used Splints
Cramer-wire splint
• Ladder splint
• Light weighted
• Temporary
splintage of
fractures
• made up of two
thick parallel
wires with
interlacing wires
• Made up of steel
wire with PVC
coating

5. Commonly used Splints
Thomas knee-bed splint
(Thomas splint)
• Commonly used splint
• Initially for immobilization
for TB of the knee.
• It is now commonly used
for the immobilization of
hip and thigh injuries –
femur fracture

6. Commonly used Splints
Bohler-Braun splint
• BB splint
• Used for immobilization
of lower limb fractures

7. Commonly used Splints
Dennis Brown splint
• Used for CTEV

8. Commonly used Splints
Cock-up splint
• Used in radial nerve
palsy

9. Commonly used Splints
Knuckle–bender splint
• Used in ulnar nerve
palsy

10. Commonly used Splints
Toe-raising splint
• For foot drop
• AFO

11. Commonly used Splints
Volkmann's splint
• For volkman’s
contracture (VIC)

12. Commonly used Splints
Four-post collar
• For neck immobilization

13. Commonly used Splints
Aeroplane splint
• For brachial plexus
injuries

14. Commonly used Splints
SOMI Brace
• Sternal Occipital
Mandibular Immobilizer
• For cervical spine injuries

15. Commonly used Splints
ASHE Brace
• Anterior spinal hyper
extension brace
• For thoracic & lumbar
spine injuries

16. Commonly used Splints
Taylor's brace
• For thoracic & lumbar
spine injuries

17. Commonly used Splints
Milwaukee brace
• For correction of scoliosis

18. Commonly used Splints
Boston brace
• For correction of scoliosis

19. CARE OF THE PATIENT IN A SPLINT
• Properly applied
• Well padded
• Proper bandaging
• Encourage exercise with splint
• Avoid pain & compression of vessels & nerves
• Regular X - ray

20. TRACTION
• Objectives –
– Reduction of fractures and dislocations
– For immobilizing a painful, inflamed joint
– For the prevention of deformity
– For the correction of soft tissue contractures by
stretching them out.

21. TYPES OF TRACTION
• Depending upon the counter traction –
– Fixed traction
– Sliding traction

22. TYPES OF TRACTION
• Fixed traction –
– In this type, counter-traction is provided by a part
of the body
– e.g., in Thomas splint fixed traction, the ring of the
splint comes to lie against the ischial tuberosity
and provides counter-traction

23. TYPES OF TRACTION
• Sliding traction –
– In this type, the weight of the body acts as
counter-traction
– e.g., traction given for a pelvic fracture, where the
weight of the body acts as counter-traction; made
effective by elevating the foot-end of the bed

24. Skin traction
Skeletal traction

25. METHODS OF APPLYING TRACTION
Skin traction
• An adhesive strap is applied
on the skin and traction
applied.
• The traction force is
transmitted from the skin
through the deep fascia,
muscles & the bone.
Skeletal traction
• The traction is applied
directly on the bone by
inserting a K-wire or
Steinmann pin through the
bone.

26. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Gallow's traction
• Used in Fracture
shaft of the femur in
children
• Skin traction is
applied to both legs
and the child is
suspended from a
beam so that the
buttocks are just
clear of the bed

27. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Bryant's traction
• Used in young children who have fractures of
femur & in CDH.
• Both the patient's limbs are suspended in the
air vertically at a 90 ° from the hips and knees
slightly flexed.

28. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Russell's traction
• Used in trochanteric fractures of femur.
• The lower leg is supported in a sling just below the
knee and pulling forces are exerted upwards and
longitudinally by means of pulleys and weights.

29. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Buck's traction
• Buck's traction is a type of skin traction that
pulls the femur so that the femur can remain
in its proper place after a fracture.

30. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Perkin's traction
• Used for Fracture
shaft of femur in
adults

31. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
90 90 traction
• Used for Fracture
shaft of femur in
children

32. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Agnes-Hunt traction
• Used for correction of deformity of hip

33. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Well leg traction
• Used for correction
of abduction
deformity of hip
• The traction is
applied to the
normal limb while
the deformed hip is
stabilized by splint

34. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Dunlop traction
• 90 – 90 position
of arm

35. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Smith’s traction
• 90 – 90 position
of arm
• Used for
supracondylar
fracture of
humerus

36. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Calcaneal traction
• For fracture of
ankle or leg
• Pin is inserted
inferior &
posterior to
medial malleolus
• Attached with
pulley system

37. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Calcaneal traction
• For fracture of
forearm
• Pins are inserted
into radius & ulna
through the base
of 2nd & 3rd
Metacarpal

38. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Head - Halter traction
• For cervical spine
injuries

39. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Head - Halter traction
• For cervical spine
injuries

40. COMMONLY USED TRACTION
Head - Halter traction
• For correction of
scoliosis

41. DAILY CARE OF A PATIENT IN
TRACTION
• Comfortable
• Effective
• Assess the distal part of limb for skin integrity &
sensory function
• Check for swelling at distal part
• Check of infection
• Regular x – ray
• Physiotherapy
• Avoid complications due to prolonged bed rest
• Diversion therapy