The basic working and analysis of capacitor. A capacitor is a 2 terminal passive component that is also sometimes referred as condenser. It has the capacity to store energy in the form of electric charge that produces a potential difference across the two plates of capacitor. https://ishatechnicalblogs.blogspot.com/

1. CAPACITORS
A capacitor is a 2 terminal passive component that is also sometimes referred
as condenser. It has the capacity to store energy in the form of electric charge
that produces a potential difference across the two plates of capacitor. The
effect of capacitor that is its value is known as capacitance.
The structure of capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates which
are separated from each other by some insulating material such as paper,
plastic, electric gel, etc.
This insulating material between the two plates of the capacitor is called the
dielectric.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of the capacitor is that the capacitance of a conductor
increases appreciably when an earthed conductor is brought near it.
WORKING
Now, when a DC voltage is applied across a capacitor, the positive charge
quickly accumulates on one plate while a corresponding and opposite
negative charge accumulates on the other plate. For every particle of positive
charge that arrives at one plate a charge of the same sign will depart from
the negative plate.
As time goes on, positive plate will accumulate positive charge from the
battery. After a certain time, the capacitor holds maximum amount of charge

2. as per its capacitive value with respect to the voltage. This duration of time is
called charging time.
The flow of electrons onto the plates of the capacitor is known as the
capacitors charging current which flows until the voltage across both plates is
equal to the applied voltage V0c. At this instant of time the capacitor is said
to be “fully charged”.
Now when we remove the battery from the capacitor, these two plates hold
positive and negative charge for a certain time thus for that particular time,
this capacitor acts as a source.
If the two ends of the capacitor gets shorted through a load, a current will
flow through the load and all the charge of the capacitor gets vanished. This
time span is known as discharging time of the capacitor.
STANDARD UNIT OF CAPACITANCE VALUE
 Micro-farad(μF) 1μF = 1/1,000,000 = 0.000001 = 10-6
F
 Nano-farad (nF) 1nF = 1/1,000,000,000 = 0.000000001 = 10-9
F
 Pico-farad (pF) 1pF = 1/1,000,000,000,000 = 0.000000000001 = 10-
12
F
TYPE OF CAPACITORS
Generally there are four types of capacitors.
 Film capacitors: they are named for their dielectrics and have film
coating over it.
 Mica capacitor: these capacitors uses mica like material as dielectric.
 Polarized capacitors: they have specific polarities like positive and
negative.

3.  Electrolytic capacitors: they are the type of capacitors that are
polarised, and are able to offer capacitance value of high range.
 Ceramic capacitors: they have ceramic dielectric and have no polarity.
 Special Purpose capacitors:
 Double-layer capacitors were named for the physical
phenomenon of the Helmholtz double-layer
 Pseudo capacitors were named for their ability to store electric
energy electro-chemically with reversible faradic charge
transfer.
 Hybrid capacitors combine double-layer and pseudo capacitors
to increase power density.
 Silver mica, glass, silicon, air-gap and vacuum
capacitors are named for their dielectric.
APPLICATIONS
 Decoupling capacitors
 Power supply filtering
 Energy storage and supply
 Signal filtering
 Tuning (in radio system)
 Oscillators