Welcome to sindh

1. Presentation
Jeay Bhutto

2. Welcome to Sindh
• Sindh (/ˈsɪnd/; Sindhi: ‫ڌ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ ;Urdu: ‫دھ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬
, pronounced [sɪndʱə];
historically romanized as Sind) is a province of Pakistan. Located in
the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest
province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province
by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani
provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to
the north. It shares an International border with the Indian
states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by
the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly
of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert in the
eastern portion of the province along the international border with
India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the
province.

3. • The economy of Sindh is the second-largest in
Pakistan after the province of Punjab; its
provincial capital of Karachi is the most populous
city in the country as well as its main financial
hub. Sindh is home to a large portion
of Pakistan's industrial sector and contains two of
the country's busiest commercial seaports: Port
Qasim and the Port of Karachi. The remainder of
Sindh consists of an agriculture-based economy
and produces fruits, consumer items and
vegetables for other parts of the country.[8][9][10]

4. • of Pakistan's industrial sector and contains
two of the country's busiest commercial
seaports: Port Qasim and the Port of Karachi.
The remainder of Sindh consists of
an agriculture-based economy and produces
fruits, consumer items and vegetables for
other parts of the country.[8][9][10]

5. • Sindh is sometimes referred to as the Bab-ul Islam (transl. 'Gateway
of Islam'), as it was one of the first regions of the Indian
subcontinent to fall under Islamic rule.[11][12] Ethnic Sindhi
people constitute the largest group in the province; Sindh is also
the place of residence for the overwhelming majority
of Muhajirs (lit. 'migrants'), a multiethnic group of Indian
Muslims who migrated to the region after the Partition of British
India in 1947. The province is well known for its distinct culture,
which is strongly influenced by Sufist Islam, an important marker of
Sindhi identity for both Hindus and Muslims.[13] Sindh is prominent
for its history during the Bronze Age under the Indus Valley
civilization, and is home to two UNESCO-designated World Heritage
Sites: the Makli Necropolis and Mohenjo-daro.[14

6. Etymology
• The Greeks who conquered Sindh in 325 BCE under the
command of Alexander the Great referred to the Indus
River as Indós, hence the modern Indus. The
ancient Iranians referred to everything east of the river
Indus as hind.[15][16] The word Sindh is a Persian derivative
of the Sanskrit term Sindhu, meaning "river" - a reference
to Indus River.[17]
• Southworth suggests that the name Sindhu is in turn
derived from Cintu, a Dravidian word for date palm, a tree
commonly found in Sindh.[18][19]
• The previous spelling "Sind" (from the Perso-Arabic ‫سند‬
) was
discontinued in 1988 by an amendment passed in Sindh
Assembly,[20] and is now spelt "Sindh."

7. History

8. • Ancient era
• Mohenjo-daro
• The "Priest King" sculpture is carved from steatite.
• The Pashupati seal
• The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-daro
• Excavated ruins of the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro
• Sindh and surrounding areas contain the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization. There are remnants
of thousand-year-old cities and structures, with a notable example in Sindh being that of Mohenjo
Daro. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus civilisation,
with features such as standardized bricks, street grids, and covered sewerage systems.[21][22] It was
one of the world's earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Caral-Supe. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th
century BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and the site was not rediscovered until the
1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated
a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.[23] The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper
restoration.[24] A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the
initial stimulus for its urbanisation.[25] Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause
the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.[b]