it only includes; (1) the Functional style of science, and (2) the Newspaper Functionsl Style

1. FUNCTIONAL STYLES OF
THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
1. THE FUNCTIONAL STYLE OF
SCIENCE
2. THE NEWSPAPER FUNCTIONAL
STYLE
Reporter: Irma Rose P. Pereyra / 2013-01567 / BSE-Eng 4E

2. Overview:
•It is a system of interrelated language means which
serves a definite aim in communication.
• Any functional style is characterized by a peculiar
use of various language means and distinguished by
one or some especially prominent features.

3. •The analysis of linguistic peculiarities of the
specified functional styles will include the
description of their
1. Layout (paragraphing, titling, punctuation,
graphic presentation)
2. Vocabulary (selection of lexis)
3. Grammar (realization of grammatical categories)
4. Sentence Structure (sentence length, complexity,
communicative types)

4. THE FUNCTIONAL STYLE
OF SCIENCE

5. • Its main function is to convey knowledge, facts,
results & data, obtained through experimentation &
hypotheses.
• It aims at proving hypothesis, creating new concepts,
disclosing internal laws of existence, development,
relations between different phenomena.
Features:
 accuracy
 objectivity
 exact & logical presentation of facts & ideas

6. Linguistic characteristics:
I. Layout of Scientific texts
1. Paragraphs are usually well-organized.
2. Titles & subtitles summarize the main point or
emphasize central ideas of a paragraph or text &
may contain different graphological types.
3. Figures, equation, diagrams, tables & symbols are
employed to illustrate the results.
4. The use of quotations, references & foot-notes is a
conspicuous feature of this style.

7. II. Vocabulary of scientific texts
1. The vocabulary of scientific English includes
terminology, special lexis & nomenclature words
specific to a definite field of science & technology.
2. Stylistically neutral words in their primary logical
meaning are also used.
3. Colloquial words are regarded as the exception,
not the rule.
4. The scientific vocabulary abounds in set-phrases &
clichés which adds to precision, clarity or logical
cohesion of the text.

8. III. Grammar of scientific texts
1. Verbs are use in three main tense forms: Past
Indefinite, Present Indefinite & Present Perfect.
2. The recurrent usage of passive voice helps to
achieve objectivity of presentation.
3. Noun phrases in scientific texts are long &
compound that contributes to precision &
formality of information.
4. Adjectives & adverbs (especially adverbs of place,
time, manner, reason & result) are employed to
accomplish accuracy of description.

9. IV. Sentence structure of scientific texts
1. Logical sequence of clauses. Use of connectives.
a. logical connectives: thus, then, therefore, etc.
b. connectives of contrast: but, yet, however, etc.
c. connectives of addition: and, or
2. Three main sentence patterns: postulatory (at the be-
ginning), argumentative (in the central part),
formulative (in the conclusion).

10. • HEDGES
1. Modal auxiliary verbs: may, might, can, could, would,
should.
2. Modal lexical verbs: to seem, to appear, to believe, to
assume, to suggest, to estimate, to tend, to think, to
argue, to indicate, to propose, to speculate.
3. Adjectival, adverbial & nominal modal phrases:
possible, probable, un/likely, assumption, claim,
possibility, estimate, suggestion, perhaps, possibly,
probably, presumably, apparently, etc.

11. 4. Approximators of degree, quantity, frequency &
time: approximately, roughly, about, often, occasionally,
generally, usually, somewhat, somehow, a lot of, etc.
5. Introductory phrases: to our knowledge, it is our view
that, we feel that.
6. “If” clauses: if true, if anything, etc.
7. Compound hedges: it seems reasonable/probable, it may
suggest that, it seems likely that, it would seem somewhat
unlikely that, it may appear somewhat speculative.

12. THE NEWSPAPER
FUNCTIONAL STYLE

13. THE NEWSPAPER FUNCTIONAL STYLE
•It is a purposeful & thematic arrangement of
language means in order to bring up-to-date,
accurate & convincing information on current affairs.
•To attract the reader’s attention to the news, special
graphical means are used.

14. I. Layout of the newspaper texts
1. Titles & headlines play the most important role in
the press. The variation of headlines aims at
attracting the reader’s attention & emphasizing the
special importance of titles.
2. Paragraphs in popular newspapers are not well-
organized. While, paragraphs of quality
newspapers are generally well-organized &
relatively long.
Linguistic Characteristics:

15. 3. Use of punctuation marks in popular & quality
newspapers.
4. The exploitation of colours, photographs, pictures,
diagrams, & different typographical devices is a
prominent feature of modern popular & quality
newspapers.

16. II. Vocabulary of the newspaper texts
1. Use of words with clear meaning.
2. Use of special words. Ex. Row – dispute/controversy;
hitman – hired-assassin; probe – investigation; quiz –
inquire/question; to wed – to marry; pact – treaty; trek –
journey.
3. Use of different expressive means & stylistic devices
which performs diff. functions determined by the
idea & theme of the article.

17. III. Grammar of the newspaper texts
1. Nouns are predominantly used w/ modifiers.
2. Noun phrases tend to be complex & formal in order
to achieve conciseness & save space.
3. Absence of auxiliary verbs in the titles & subtitles in
popular newspapers.
4. The most frequent tense form is Present Indefinite
used in newspapers` headlines.
5. Use of present tense – Present Perfect in quality
newspapers which brings formality of style.

18. 6. Both active and passive voice are used.
7. Adjectives of all types, including intensifiers which
are used for detailed & precise description.
8. Adverbs are crucial. Adverbs of time, place, manner,
reason, result & frequency.
9. Used of probability modals – could, might, can. It
intensify the modesty & uncertainty of style.

19. IV. Syntax of the newspaper texts
1. Sentences formation in popular newspapers –
simple but some may be quite long & complicated.
In quality newspapers – sentences are complex &
long.
2. Use of declarative sentences & rhetoric questions.

20. END OF REPORT . . . .