This document discusses applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in animal science. It describes how mAbs are used for disease diagnosis by detecting infectious agents like bacteria, fungi, and viruses that affect livestock. mAbs also help improve animal health by aiding vaccine production and developing anti-idiotypic vaccines. Additionally, mAbs play a therapeutic role in preventing diseases and increasing animal production and growth. The document outlines future prospects for wider veterinary applications of mAbs, such as embryo testing and ascites fluid production from cows.

1. ——
Animal
Biotechnology
Topic: Applications of mAbs in Animal
Science
Presented by:
Iqra (sp-18-bsbt-014)

2. Monoclonal Antibodies
(mAbs)
A monoclonal antibody is an antibody directed against one
antigenic determinant or epitope of an antigen.
why we choose monoclonal Abs over polyclonal Abs?
The attributes of homogeneity, reproducibility and permanent
availability

3. Disease Diagnosis
DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS
mAbs are used for the detection of antigen as well as
antibodies against
• Bacterial diseases of livestock; (anthrax, brucellosis,
paratuberculosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, clostridial
infections, mycoplasmosis)
• Fungal diseases of livestock; (zygomycosis,
cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, etc
• Viral diseases of livestock (foot-and-mouth disease,
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral
diarrhoea, blue tongue, classical swine fever and
rabies

4. Improving Animal HealthThrough Monoclonal
Antibodies
Vaccine Production
Viruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease are composed of large and complex proteins, All of which
have many antibody binding sites. Monoclonal antibodies are important for identifying which sites
are involved in virus neutralization and on which protein they reside.
FMD vaccine manufactureres include
• ŞAP Institute, Turkey
• Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) , Pakistan
• QYH Biotech, China
Anti-idiotypic Vaccine Production
• A vaccine made of antibodies that see other antibodies as the antigen and bind to it.
• In an anti-idiotypic vaccine potential of mutation and causing disease are less so through the uses
of anti-idiotypic vaccines, losses due to vaccination will be decreased.

5. Therapeutic Role
• Another use of monoclonal antibodies is a potential therapeutic role in preventing
certain infectious diseases.
• Therapeutic mAbs can be used medically to block disease-relevant proteins
Example the immunization of calves and pigs against neonatal diarrhea.
In this particular scheme, monoclonal antibodies against the antigen with hairlike
binding sites are fed to newborn calves or pigs.

6. Increased Production and Growth Promotion
• An alternative approach to growth promotion is the use of antibodies against
somatostatin.
• Neutralization of somatostatin should result in a net increase in levels of native
somatotropin produced by the pituitary gland.
• Active immunization of sheep against somatostatin conjugates has been shown
effective in producing significant increases in weight gain and improvements in food
utilization efficiency
• whereas active immunization of lactating goats significantly increases their milk
production

7. Immunomodulation and Tumour Therapy
• MAbs have been produced against a range of surface markers on immune cells in
animals MAbs, together with others of suitable specificity,in a variety of
immunological disorders might be usable in vivo for reducing the numbers of
selected types of immune cells (selective depletion) to achieve immunomodulation
• Selective depletion of cell populations using suitable MAbs might have appHcation in
various lymphoproHferative diseases in animals.
• The cost effectiveness of MA b therapy in immunomodulation and tumour
management will determine the extent of its use in improving health and production
of food-producing animals.

8. Future Prospective
• The technology for MAb production has been in existence for more than 12 years,
yet their application to animal health and production is clearly still in its infancy.
• The future potential for uses of monoclonal antibodiesin veterinary medi_x0002_cine
is outstanding.
• For instance, with monoclonal antibody as the detectionsystem and the DNA probe
for recognition there is no reason why embryos cannot be tested for the presence
ofspecific pathogens in very small numbers,before they are transferred.
• Similarly, it is not impossible that cows couldbe used for production of ascites fluid

9. References:
• Booman, P. (1985). Application of monoclonal antibodies in animal production.
Tijdsehr. Diergeneesk., 110, 823-830.
• Gamble, H. R. (1987). Monoclonal antibody technology in the development of
vaccines for livestock animals. J. Anim. Sel, 64, 328-336.
• Garssen G. J., A. M. A. W. WeUing and G. S. G. Spencer (1987). Active
immunization against somatostatin increases milk yield in goats. Neth. J. Agrie. Sei.,
35, 84-86.
• McCuUough, K. C, J. R. Crowther, E. Brocchi, F. De Simone and Τ. Obi (1987).
Application of monoclonal antibodies in veterinary medicine. In Monoclonals and
DNA Probes in Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, ed. R. C. Gallo, G. D. Porta and
A. Albertini, pp. 209-218. Raven Press, New York.