general anesthesia

1. GENERAL ANESTHESIA

2. General Anesthesia
• Alters responses of the Central Nervous
system
• Causes one or more of the following
– Pain relief
– Muscle relaxation
– Relaxation of reflexes
– Deep sleep
• Commonly used during surgery

3. FIVE PHASES OF GA
• Preparation: NPO and fitness for
anaesthesia
• Induction: with thiopental or propofol
• Maintenance: nitrous oxide, halothane
• Emergence: succinylcholine
• Recovery: neostimine

4. Main Categories
• Inhaled – may be liquid or gas
– Nitrous oxide – gas
– Halothane – liquid
• Inhaled drugs are used together with IV drugs
to provide the best level of sedation for the
patient & procedure = Balanced Anesthesia

5. INTRAVENOUS
• Analgesics
For pain relief
• Atropine
Anticholinergic – decreases secretions
• Anti-emetics

6. Local Anesthetics
• Regional anesthetics
– Block nerve conduction in specific area of body
– Prevents pain sensation
• Forms
1. Topical
• May be patch, cream or lotion, liquid, spray
• Lidocaine
• Pontocaine

7. COND..
2. Parenteral
• Spinal
– Into the space surrounding the spinal cord
• Epidural
– Through catheter into the epidural space just outside
the spinal cord
– May remain in place for continuous infusion
• Infiltration – to numb area to be sutured
• Nerve block – stop impulses from specific nerve
(example: chronic back pain)