Social History of England

1. THE TUDOR NAVY AND
THE ARMADA
ENGLISH VICTORY OVER THE
SPANISH ARMADA (1588)

2. • English started to depend on the navy for their
NATIONAL DEFENCE AND OFFENCE.
• All credit goes to Henry VIII, the Founder-
Father of the English Navy.
ENGLAND

3. CHRISTOPHER COLOMBUS
 Italian [discovered America in 1492]
 Under the service of the Spanish king
SUBSEQUENT VOYAGES:
 NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA – RESULT
[discovered many silver mines & Spaniards –
bring home shiploads of the precious metal]

4. VASCO DA GAMA
• Portuguese explorer
• In 1498, he reached CALICUT by
sailing around the cape of good hope.
• Opened a new avenue for the lucrative
trade.
• English faced domestic problems. So
they just watch these adventures with
envy.
JOHN CABOT - ENGLAND
• He discovered NEWFOUNDLAND,
an enterprise (stingy HENRY VII
gave 5 pounds- consolation prize)

5. HENRY VIII
• Navy was placed under a separate govt.
department/ organized as a standing
force in the country.
• Dissolution of monasteries – money
he spent on developing the navy.
• Henry – built new, large ships.
Woolwich dockyard Deptford dockyard Portsmouth
Canon

6. ELIZABETHAN ERA:
MARITIME EXPLORATION
 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE [1577-1580]
He highlighted the glory of the English navy
ENTERED-
SOUTH
AMERICA
Plundered people
& come back-26th
September 1580
SEA
VOYAGE:
CROSSED-
THE
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
 Sir Walter Raleigh
 Sir John Hawkins
 Martin Furbisher

7. RIVAL
[ENGLAND & SPAIN-SEA]
• Spanish ships loaded with silver and gold [return from AMERICAN
COLONIES]-attacked by the English Soldiers
• Spain - watched with resentment & rage.
• After the reformation, for all practical purpose – SPAIN
[CHAMPION OF RC]
1] Jesuit Priests [trained in the Spanish seminars] Sent to
England
• {Main aim:
• To convert Protestants back into the Catholic Faith}
• England – killed (missionaries)
• [Spain missionaries]-esp. Edmund Campion
ELIZABETH
OF
ENGLAND
PHILIP
OF
SPAIN

8. MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
 Philip of Spain-plan to put-Mary queen of Scots
on English throne
 He also persecuted the puritans [Netherlands] and
killed their leader
 Queen Elizabeth supported Netherland
 Finally, Philip of Spain decided to invade England
SPANISH FLEET
 Head commander- THE DUKE OF MEDINA SIDONIA
 Crescent shape – ships entered the English Channel
 130 Ships [big & small]
 20,000 soldiers and their provisions

9. ENGLAND
• As a result, English fleet – same number of ships under the
charge of veteran seamen like LORD HOWARD OF
EFFINGHAM & SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.
• SIR JOHN HAWKINS- Entire naval administration,
a man of long experience on the sea.
• Structure of fleets:
• Spanish ships – Huge with superstructures and crammed with
troops.
• English ships – Long & Light [fast]
Vessels – reinforced from HOME whenever
needed

10. ON JULY 20
SPANISH FLEET
BRITISH
CHANNEL
SPAIN PLAN
TO SAIL
STRAIGHT
TO
ANTWERP
[COLLECT
TROOPS] &
COMEBACK
TO
ENGLAND

11. • Towards the end the spanish fleet – seriously
damaged.
• THE DUKE OF MEDINA SIDONIA
• Did not have the courage to face. He decided to
go back to home.
• In September 1588, he reached his home
country, 52 ships followed him.
• Compared to spanish loss, English suffered less.

12. • THANK YOU