1. “Road safety at road work sites”
Mataram 30th and 31st January 2012
Phillip Jordan
IndII Consultant

2. Objectives of this presentation:
1. To introduce you to road safety engineering.
2. To introduce you to safer ways of managing your
road work sites.
3. To explain traffic management plans (TMP’s)

3. The world has a large road safety problem.
o 1.3 million deaths each year on roads of the world
o More than 15 million people injured
o Expected to increase rapidly, unless action is taken
urgently
o A “Decade of Action in Road Safety” has started

5. Indonesia has a massive road safety problem
32,000+ deaths each year on the roads of Indonesia (2010)
Over 250,000 are injured (700 per day) - 2.5% of GDP
61% of deaths are motorcyclists
15% of deaths are pedestrians

6. Road safety engineering is one profession that has an important
role to play in road safety. Police, teachers, researchers, doctors
and others also have important roles in road safety.

8. Manual 3 – Road Safety at Work Sites
Manual and accompanying DVD (Bahasa and English versions)
A manual and audio visual aid that offers simple diagrams and information
about how to sign and make various common types of road works (i.e., long-
term on divided roads, short-term on busy undivided roads, work where a
lane is closed, detours, etc)

9. GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY – A CHALLENGE FOR US ALL
A typical scene in many rapidly motorising nations

10. Serious crashes at road work sites
are three times more common
than on other sections of road.

11. A fatal bus crash outside Palembang – in a road work site

12. ARE YOUR ROAD WORKS UNSAFE?
 What do we look for?
 What more can we do?
 Do not blame drivers/riders for all crashes.
 Our roads are not perfect – we must improve them.

13. What is unsafe with this side track?

14. What is unsafe with this side track?

15. What is unsafe here?

16. Unsafe work practices
No safety vests
Few warning signs
No protective barriers
What is unsafe with this long
term work site?

17. WE SHOULD NEVER BLAME ONLY THE
DRIVERS/RIDERS?
There is more that we (engineers ) can do to
contribute to road safety for all!!

18. There should be no surprises on Indonesian roads!

19. WHAT IS A ROAD CRASH?
“a rare, random, multi-factorial event in which one or more road
users has failed to cope with their environment.”

20. AN UNNECESSARY TRAGEDY DUE TO ROAD WORKS!
This man was one of five killed in a head-on crash with a truck in India. The
Highway was a divided highway (2 carriageways). The contractor had closed one
carriageway for maintenance – sending all traffic two way along the other
carriageway. He did not inform the on-coming traffic to expect two way traffic –
hence this tragedy.
Remember this when you inspect the Airport Road later.

21. These are crashes –
they are not “accidents”
We should use the word “CRASH”
Accident implies that :
 the cause was unpredictable
 no human could have done anything to prevent it
 it is outside of our “control”
 It was in the “hands of the gods”

22. We should use the word “CRASH”
A road crash:
• Can have “things” done to prevent it
• Is within our “control”
• Can be prevented
• Is related closely to risk, and is predictable

23. A road crash is the end result of a chain of events…
To break that chain, where do we start??
Lets look at a “typical” chain of events……

24. The chain of events……
A 36 year old male is the driver of this truck. He is also the mechanic. His
boss allows him to drive it home some weekends.

25. The chain of events……
 One weekend, he spends the whole (frustrating)
weekend repairing it (especially the brakes which were
worn)
 He finishes late Sunday – it took much more time than
he had expected
 Friends drop around – just as he finishes the repair work
 Relaxing - they drink and talk until very late
 He does not get much sleep

26. The chain of events……
 Monday morning – he must start early loading sand at the river near
the city.
 Little sleep, no breakfast, late for work.
 Drives the truck along a National Highway towards work.

27. The chain of events……
 Traffic is heavy.
 The highway has unsealed shoulders.

28. The chain of events……
 He travels fast.
 Many motorcyclists – plus some pedestrians and bicyclists.
 Light rain is falling.

29. The chain of events……
 He drives very close to the truck ahead of him – impatient to overtake.
He tries several times. The truck ahead has dirty/broken brake lights.
There is a bus in front of that truck.

30. The chain of events……
 The road is very “slick” - it has little skid resistance. Wet.
 There are no sealed shoulders. Many big “drop-offs” from the pavement.

31. The chain of events……
 He knows there is an overtaking lane ahead – he
accelerates to overtake the slow bus and truck.

32. The chain of events……
 Suddenly........roadworks!
 The slow lane is blocked; no advanced warning signs.
 The bus and the other truck swerve to the right - without warning.

33. The chain of events……
 Suddenly........roadworks!
 The slow lane is blocked; no advanced warning signs.
 The bus and the other truck swerve to the right - without warning.

34. The chain of events……
 Our 36 year old driver has no time to react – to avoid a “side swipe”
collision he swings his truck to the right hoping to miss the other truck
– hardly slowing. At that instant a motorcycle with 3 girls on it is
travelling past in the other direction. They are not wearing helmets!

35. The chain of events……
 Our truck driver brakes late and hard – but the new brakes “grab”.
 The truck strikes the motorcyclists.
 It then side swipes the bus – tipping it over.

36. One passenger dead

37. • Two motorcyclists killed (head injuries), one very seriously
injured. One bus passenger also dies.
• Police and legal action follows
What - in this chain of events - „caused‟ the crash ?

38. Possible causes………
• His frustrating weekend?
• His drinking?
• His lack of sleep?
• Excessive speed?
• His impatience and inattention?
• The girls on the motorcycle – not wearing helmets?
• The new brakes of his truck?
• The dirty/broken brake lights of the other truck?
• The rain?
• The bus and truck swerving road because of the roadworks?
• Materials being stored on the road?
• The “slick” road conditions?
• The lack of sealed shoulders?
• The big “drop-off” from the pavement?
• No advanced warning of the roadworks?

39.  Engineers could have broken this chain of events by:
 Sealing the shoulders (create an “escape” route)
 Eliminating the big drop offs from pavements
 Store materials off the road
 Much better advanced warning of the road works
 Improving the roads – and especially roadworks sites – is one of the best things an
engineer can do to improve road safety in Indonesia.
YOU CAN SAVE LIVES!

40. HOW CAN WE SAVE LIVES AT ROADWORKS?
BY ENSURING – AT ALL OUR ROADWORKS – THAT WE:
 Warn
 Inform
 Guide
 Control
 Forgive

41. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Warning plus regulatory traffic signs

42. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
SPECIFIC INFORMATION

43. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
SPECIFIC INFORMATION

44. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Plastic bollards, hazard markers

45. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Traffic controllers

46. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Speed limits

47. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Temporary barriers

48. Road engineers should.... Jelek!
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Very unsafe barriers

49. Road engineers should.... Jelek!
o warn
o inform
o guide
o control
o forgive
Very unsafe location

50. Road engineers should....
o warn
o inform
o guide
Jelek!
o control
o forgive
Very unforgiving location

51. Traffic control at road works is a major
problem in most developing countries

52. EVERYONE HAS A ROLE IN ROAD SAFETY
AT WORK SITES
 Supervising engineers :
 Be aware of their responsibility to manage the site safely
 Appoint a Safety Engineer
 Provide safety training for all staff
 Monitor the site for safety
 Workers:
 Take responsibility for their own safety
 Follow all safety directions
 Wear safety vests at all times on the road
 Road users:
 Comply with all road rules, including speed limits

53. 14
At road works
 Recurringunsafe practices observed in
Indonesia at roadworks
 Insufficient visibility to first advance warning signs
 In the urban area, signs hidden by parked vehicles.
 In rural areas, no advanced signs – or sometimes
hidden by grass, trees
 Use of illegal (unofficial) signs
 Use of concrete blocks as delineators
 Signs blown over
 Little/no use of speed restriction signs
 Lack of signing of side roads
 Lack of flashing lights on construction plant

54. 15
At road works
 Recurring unsafe practices observed in Indonesia at
roadworks
 Lack of cones, and often no tapers.
 Tapers too short.
 Use of painted 44 gallon drums filled with concrete.
 Excavations not separated enough from the traffic.
 Little or no delineation of excavations.
 No barrier protection for worker safety.
 No barrier protection for pedestrians.
 Workers not wearing high visibility clothing.

55. NO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OR CONTROL

56. TOO MANY SIGNS TOGETHER, CONFUSING

57. NO SIGNS TO WARN OF SUDDEN CHANGE IN PAVEMENT

58. UNSAFE “BARRIERS”, NO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OF
ONE LANE, TWO WAY TRAFFIC

59. NO WARNING OF STOCKPILE AHEAD ON THIS
NATIONAL HIGHWAY

60.  IndII and DGH has developed a manual to assist you,
Contractors and Consultants to plan and implement
safer road works sites.
 Please follow the manual to make your road works
safer – for all.

62. Manual 3 explains...........
LONG TERM WORKS - LONGER THAN ONE DAY
SHORT TERM WORKS - MOBILE
- STATIONARY
ZONE CONCEPT - ADVANCE WARNING ZONE
- TRANSITION ZONE
- WORK ZONE
- TERMINATION ZONE
ENCOURAGES YOU TO PLAN YOUR WORKS
ENCOURAGES YOU TO DEVELOP A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN
GIVES YOU SOME DRAWINGS TO GUIDE YOU

63. PART A – AN INTRODUCTION TO
ROAD WORK SAFETY

64. Five phases of managing a work site

65. FIRSTLY, YOUR ROAD WORKS NEEDS A TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT PLAN
What is a Traffic Management Plan (TMP)?

66. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS (TMP’S)
 A TMP is a plan that shows the signs, barriers and
devices to be used at your work site for the duration of
your work.
 A TMP should be prepared by an experienced and
qualified engineer.
 It should then be checked for accuracy and safety.
 It is then implemented

67. An example of a TMP

68. Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan

69. LONG TERM WORKS

70. SHORT TERM (MOBILE) WORKS

71. Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan

72. PLANNING YOUR ROAD WORKS IS IMPORTANT
 Minimise the number of “starts” and “stops”
along your road work.
 Have plenty of “good” signs available for use.
Reflective. Clean. Correct.
 Make sure staff are trained and aware. It is their
safety too! Safety vests for all.

74. Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan

75. Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan

76. Through work area – most common.

77. Past work area – also common.

78. A side track ( by-pass) – less common.

79. A detour – mainly in urban areas.

80. Planning

81. Safety vests are essential for all workers

82. Think also of managing speeds and managing clearance
distance between your workers and the vehicles

83. Steps in preparing your Traffic Management Plan

84. REMEMBER

87. Five phases of managing a work site

88. PART B – THE ZONE CONCEPT

90. Typical work zones

91. Typical work zones

92. Advance warning zone

94. Transition guidance zone

96. Work zone

97. Termination zone

98. Five phases of managing a work site

99. PART C - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
FOR USE AT ROAD WORK SITES

100. MANUAL 3 PART C TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR USE AT ROAD WORK SITES
What these are?
Signs Where they can be safely used?
What design features to note?
What these are?
Speed restrictions What design features to note?
What these are?
Barriers Where they can be safely used -
offsets, behind kerbing, deflections?
What design features to note?
Details of a variety of other devices
Other devices such as lights, flags, flagmen, truck
mounted attenuators, temporary
signals.

101. Signs – the most common
device used at road works.

102. Multi message signs are
useful for road works

105. THREE COMMON PROBLEMS WITH SIGNS
AT INDONESIAN ROAD WORKS
No signs, or not enough signs
Dirty, non-reflective signs (often incorrect )
Too many signs, wrongly placed too close together

106. No signs entering road works

107. No signs departing road works

108. Not enough signs to alert drivers/riders

109. Wrong sign – no workers here

110. Wrong sign – no workers here after hours

111. No signs to direct drivers/riders

112. Placing signs

113. SPEED MANAGEMENT
 Engineers must install correct signs
 Police must then enforce the new limit

115. THINK ABOUT - AND ACT ON – ROADWORKS SPEED LIMITS

117. Use a lower speed limit at your worksite if:
- Workers will be closer than 3m to the traffic
- Machinery will have to share the road with moving traffic
- The H or V geometry will be effected by the road works so
that sight lines may be reduced.
- There is loose material on the road.
- Pedestrians and/or bicyclists may be present

119. Remember line marking

124. Two way traffic in a single traffic lane
Give Way sign
Temporary traffic signals
Traffic controllers – each end with radios
Do nothing – let traffic sort itself out!

129. Do nothing – high risk, especially at night

130. Five phases of managing a work site

131. FOLLOW UP INSPECTION TO REPORT
IMPROVEMENTS
 Approximately one month after this workshop,
IndII consultants will again visit your EINRIP work
site and will audit your signs/devices.
 IndII wants to see that our workshops are effective.
 We want you to help us but (most of all) help the
road users.

132. PART D – INDONESIAN CASE STUDIES

133. Case study 1

134. Case study 2

135. Case study 3

136. Case study 4

137. Case study 5

139. Case study 6

140. Case study 7

141. Case study 8

142. Case study 10

143. Case study 11

144. Case study 12

145. Case study 13

146. Case study 14

147. Case study 15

148. Case study 16

149. PART E – SETTING OUT DIAGRAMS

150. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, but still space for two lanes
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them there
Manage them past the work site
Tell them when they are out of the zone

152. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, but only space for one lane
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them there
Manage them past the work site – give way signs
or traffic controllers
Tell them when they are out of the zone

155. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, one way road
Work site on the road, but only space for one lane
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Guide them into one lane – warning signs for lane
drop
Manage them past the work site – give strong tapers
with plastic bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone

158. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site on the road, traffic drives through work site
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Separate the two directions with delineators
Tell them when they are out of the zone

160. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road – being duplicated
Work site closing one carriageway, all traffic to be
detoured
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Build an all weather detour track (fit for motorcycles too!)
Guide them there
Separate the two directions with strong delineation with
bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone

162. For Indonesian roads
Two lane, two way road
Work site closing one direction, all traffic to be detoured
via one way side track
Provide advanced warning
Manage the speeds
Inform drivers of where to go
Build an all weather detour track (fit for motorcycles too!)
Guide them there
Provide strong delineation with bollards
Tell them when they are out of the zone

164. REMEMBER

165. As the engineer responsible for a road work site,
ensure that you act on the following key points:
• Always prepare a traffic management plan.
• Use the Zone Concept.
• Make sure the zones are long enough to perform correctly.
• For larger projects, have the TMP audited by an independent
team.
• Work with local Traffic Police to keep speeds low through the
work site.
• Ensure the Contractor has sufficient signs/cones to fully
comply with your TMP.
• Maintain a Safety (Buffer) Zone around the Work Area to
protect your workers.

166. As the engineer responsible for a road work site,
ensure that you act on the following key points:
• Never allow concrete blocks/branches/rocks to be used for
delineation.
• Inspect your work site every day – repair or replace any
missing or damaged sign or device.
• Keep equipment and materials out of the clear zone.
• Sweep the road regularly.
• Put yourself into “the shoes of the road user” – what will they
make of your work?
• Finally – record all/any crashes in your work site. Learn from
these – can improvements be made.