Pond design and construction in aqua farm

1. WELCOMEPOWERPOINT
PRESENTATIONGroup: 17
Created By
Imran Hossain
Noakhali Science & Technology University

2. Pond Design & Construction
System in an Aqua-farm
Saleh Ahmed
ASH1402064M
Bristi Lodh
BKH1402055F
Shafiqur Rahman
ASH1402032M
Imran Hossain
ASH1402078M

3. Aqua farm:
An aqua farm is a small tank (aquarium) filled with water, plants, and a fish.
On top of the water's surface, edible plants are grown. The aqua farm is an
entirely closed-loop system, meaning that the waste from the fish provides
nutrients to the plants and, through the aqua farm, the fish have a ready
supply of water.
Demand is increasing for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in
widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. China provides 62% of the world's
farmed fish.As of 2016, more than 50% of seafood was produced by
aquaculture.

4. Method of fish farming:
Generally there are three methods of fish farming system which are
adopted by the fish farmers
• Extensive.
• Semi-intensive.
• Intensive.
The following are the various sizes recommended

5. SCHEME (Method of fish farming)
Endogenous or
Natural Food
Organisms
Exogenous or
Artificial
Feeding
Fish/Shrimp
Stocking
Density

6. timeline
LAND AREA WATER
SUPPLY
SOIL QUALITY LEGAL ISSUES
CONSIDERATION DURING PLANNIG AN AQUA FARM

7. CONSIDERATION DURING PLANNIG AN AQUA FARM
LAND AREA:
• size and the root systems of trees largely determine the method of clearing the site and,
therefore, the construction time and cost.
• The general conformation of the land should be with slopes not steeper than 2 percent.
WATER SUPPLY
• economical method of water supply is by gravity.
• minimum supply of water 5 l/sec/ ha/year.
SOIL QUALITY
• more traditional semi-intensive fish or shrimp farm utilizing earthen ponds.
• 20-30% clay and preferably no more than 30% sand.
• 100% clay may crack pond dike for exposing sunlight
LEGAL ISSUES
• Land use Act.
• Water Act.
• Environmental Management and
• Coordination Act.

8. timeline
Nursery Rearing Stocking Marketing
TYPES OF POND FOR FISH CULTURE
There are 6 types of pond. These are as follow:
Brood stock Quarantine

9. SCHEME(Types Of Pond For Fish Culture)
Nursery pond:
• optimal size of the nursery ponds ranges from 1 to 10 ha
• water depth should be 1.0 to 1.5 m.
• Complete and rapid pond drainage is an essential requirement
• 100 g is attained in these ponds during 160 to 220 days.
Rearing pond:
• age of 4-5 days to 3-4 weeks in the fry rearing ponds and basins.
• preferable size of the fry rearing ponds ranges from 100 to 1000 m2
• Circular basins are made with diameters from 4 to 6 m and about 1 m depth.
• nozzle pipes to maintain the water in permanent circulation.
• 100 to 200 feeding larvae require 1 m2 of water surface area.

10. SCHEME(Types Of Pond For Fish Culture)
Stocking pond:
• optimal size is 0.2-2.0 ha.
• water depth should be 2.0-3.5 m deep.
Marketing pond:
• Used to keep fish caught from a stocking pond for sale.
• small but quite deep
• 0.05-0.10 ha in size
• water level of 3-4 m in summer

11. SCHEME(Types Of Pond For Fish Culture)
Brood stock pond:
• used in aquaculture for breeding purposes
• environmental conditions such as photo period, temperature and pH are
controlled
• Brood stock ponds (0.2-0.4 ha) are perennial
• water depth of 2 m in summer.
Quarantine pond:
• Small (0.02 ha) but perennial (1.5 m deep) quarantine pond for a time to
verify that they are not infected.
• This pond is used to treat diseased fish from other ponds.

12. Types of Fish Pond in Aqua Farm
Two kinds of pond may found:
Series Pond
 Ponds depend on each other for
their water supply
 The water running from the
upper ponds to the lower ponds
Parallel Pond
 ponds are independent from
each other.
 Water has not been used
after passing through
another pond

13. Align Pond Direction
• Strong wind generates waves and the waves break on the dikes.
• It will to erode the sides of the dikes.

14. Pond Size and Shape
• Rectangular or square pond are appropriate for aquaculture.
• The longest axis of a pond should be parallel to the prevailing wind
direction.
• This facilitates water movement generated by wind action thereby
increasing dissolved oxygen in the water and minimizing water
temperature fluctuations in summer or warmer months.

15. Design of Pond Bottom
Pond bottom should be flat and sloping towards the outlet or drainage
gate with a gentle gradient.
Keep a gentle slope of the pond bottom of about 0.5% to 1.0% from the
water inlet to water outlet.
The canals or ditches should be 0.25 - 0.5 m X 0.25 – 0.5 m.
Pond bottom should be as even as possible; free from projecting rocks
and tree stumps.

16. Pond dike
Dikes do not only serve as boundaries to indicate pond size and
shape but also function to hold water within the pond as well as
protecting other farm facilities from flood.

17. Pond dike
Diking materials: concrete or clay must be used as core materials.
Three basic qualities of pond dike:
• It should be able to resist the water pressure resulting from the pond
water depth.
• It should be impervious, the water seepage through the dike being
kept to a minimum.
• It should be high enough to keep the pond water from ever running
over its top, which would rapidly destroy the dike.

18. Height of dike
• the height of perimeter dike should have a free board of 0.6–0.7 meter above the
desired water depth.
• To compute for the height of dike, the following formula could be used:
• Where
• H = height of designed dike.
• HW = highest high water level from past record.
• G = ground level over mean sea level.
• FB = height of free board.
• % = percent shrinkage.

19. Slope:
• The slope of perimeter dike is maintained
at an average ratio of 1:2 to 1:3.
• Dikes with steep slopes are always
subjected to erosion and require higher
maintenance cost.
• Slope of a dike also highly depends on soil
quality. For good clay soil. the
recommended slopes are:
• 1:2 when dike height is above 4.26 m and
exposed to wave action;
• 1:1 when dike is less than 4.26 and the
tidal range is greater than 2 meters;
• 2:1 when the tidal range is 1.0 m or less
and the dike height is less than 1.0 meter.

20. Supply and drainage canal
Fish pond must possess separate canals for drainage and supply
serve as water level control in the pond and as temporary holding areas for fishes.
Dimensions of supply and drainage canals are calculated by using the following
equation:
Q = AV
Where:
Q = volume of water discharge
A = cross-sectional area of the canal
V = velocity of water flow
V value can be calculated by the following
formula:
V = R⅔ × S½ × 1/n
where:
R = depth of water flow
S = canal bed gradient
n = coefficient of roughness (0.02)

21. Inlet and outlet of pond
• Built to control the amount of water flowing into the pond at all times.
• An inlet structure may be built for a pond supplied through a feeder canal
• There are three main types of inlet structures:
B
OPEN GUTTER
INLETS
A
PIPE INLETS
C
CANAL INLETS

23. 1. Pipe inlets
• extend for about 0.60 to 1 m beyond the edge of the water surface
• least 10 cm above the final water level

24. Pipe inlets
Siphons
• Flexible or stiff pipes, can also be used for filling.
• Pumps can also be used.
Bamboo Pipe Inlets
• without modification, the water flow being
regulated upstream.
• with the inclusion of a mobile plate for flow
regulation.
• with modification for improving water quality.
Small Galvanized Iron Pipes
• more expensive.
• more durable than bamboo pipes.
• fitted with a mechanical valve to regulate the
water flow.
• A simple pipe sleeve constructed to control the
water flow.
• a swinging arm to let water into the pond.

25. 2. Gutter inlets
Gutter inlets usually extend for about
1 m over the water surface when the
pond is full.
They can be made simply from
various materials such as:
• Bamboo: by cutting a bamboo culm
lengthwise in half and cleaning out the
partition walls. The diameter is usually
limited to 10 cm or less;
• Wood: by assembling three boards to
form a rectangular gutter. A flow-
regulating gate can easily be added;
• Metal: by bending lengthwise a
galvanized iron sheet into a semi-circular
gutter. The flow should be regulated
upstream.

26. 3. Canal inlets
A small open canal can be built to
connect the water feeder canal to
the pond, usually from a division box.
There are several possibilities such as:
• digging a small earthen canal, with a trapezoidal section;
• building a small lined canal, with a rectangular section
• using either wood, bricks or concrete blocks.
• Small parallel walls built on a light foundation along the sides of the canal
• two pairs of grooves are added to regulate the water flow
• thin boards to keep unwanted fish out with a sliding screen.

27. Outlet
Outlet structures are built for two main reasons:
• to keep the water surface in the pond at its optimum level
• to complete draining of the pond & harvesting of the fish

28. Water control gate (sluice type)
• The following requirements
should be met :
• Constructed in a position that
water can be totally discharged.
• Sufficient grooves for placement of
filter screens, slabs & harvest nets.
• Placed at the pond bottom and
properly linked with the dikes.
• To prevent seepage and possible
collapse.

29. Culture in Raceway and Tanks
• Three types of water system have been used
Flow through
System
Recirculating
System
Aeration
System

30. • Flow through System:
• A type of intensive culture
• stocked densely in a long and narrow pond or
tank
• fed a formulated pelleted food
• A continuous water flow ensures the proper
oxygen supply
• flushes away the metabolic wastes
Recirculating System
• two general types of water recirculation systems:
• simple recirculation system
• complex recirculation system
• single-pass system is shown where pure oxygen
is added directly
• use re-aeration and mechanical filtration or
biological treatment
Aeration System
Hydraulic
aeration the water jet comes out from the nozzle
high velocity and falls into the water in drops
Air Diffusion
air is supplied by various types of compressors or
blowers

31. Conclusions and policy recommendations
• Contributes to increasing fish production & animal protein.
• Generation of employment & improving farm income.
• Vital for these countries to review & formulate policies for the
sustainable development of aquaculture.
• These policies should relate to the use of natural resources.
• Inputs and outputs and pricing.