Resources management while managing a project

1. Project Management: Achieving
Competitive Advantage
Fifth Edition
Chapter 12
Resource Management
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Learning Objectives
12.1 Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a
project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
12.2 Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to
project schedules to identify potential resource overallocation
situations.
12.3 Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities over
the baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization heuristics.
12.4 Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource
requirements across the project life cycle.
12.5 Apply resource management within a multiproject
environment.

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PMBoK Core Concepts
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) covered
in this chapter includes:
1. Estimate Activity Resources (PMBoK 6.4)
2. Plan Human Resource Management (PMBoK 9.1)

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Types of Constraints
• Physical
• Time
• Resource
• Mixed

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Table 12.2 Activity Precedence Table
Activity Description Duration Predecessors Member Assigned
A Assign Bids 5 days None Tom
B Document Awards 5 days A Jeff
C Calculate Costs 5 days A Jeff
D Select Winning Bid 1 days B,C Sue
E
Develop PR
Campaign
4 days D Carol

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Figure 12.2 Sample Activity Network with
Conflicts

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Figure 12.3 Resource Usage Table
Demonstrating Overallocation

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Resource Loading
The amount of individual resources a schedule
requires during specific time periods.
• Once the Work Breakdown Structure and activity
networks are developed, create the resource loading
form (or resource usage calendar)
• The resource usage table shows:
– Project team members
– Tasks they are assigned to
– Time each activity is expected to take

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Figure 12.5 Resource Usage Table

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Figure 12.6 Example of Resource Usage
Table with Overallocation

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Resource Leveling
A process that address the complex challenges of
project constraints (AKA resource smoothing).
Objectives:
• To determine the resource requirements so that they will
be available at the right time
• To allow each activity to be scheduled with the
smoothest possible transition across resource usage
levels

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Resource Leveling Heuristics for
Prioritizing Allocation
1. Smallest amount of slack
2. Smallest duration
3. Lowest ID number (FCFS)
4. Greatest number of successor tasks
5. Requiring the most resources

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General Procedure for Resource Leveling
1. Create a project activity network diagram.
2. Develop resource loading table.
3. Determine activity late finish dates.
4. Identify resource overallocation.
5. Level the resource loading table.

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Construct a Resource-Loading Chart
To construct a time-limited resource-loading chart for resource
scheduling, there are six main steps to follow:
1. Create activity network.
2. Produce table for each activity, resource requirements, duration,
early start time, slack, and late finish time.
3. List activities in order of increasing slack.
4. Draw an initial resource-loading chart with each activity scheduled
at its earliest start time.
5. Rearrange activities within their slack to create a profile that is as
level as possible.
6. Use judgment to interpret and improve activity leveling.

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Figure 12.17 Sample Project Network

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Creating Resource Loading Charts:
Resource Staffing
Table 12.7 Resource Staffing (Hourly Units) Required for Each Activity
Activity Resource Duration Early Start Slack Late Finish
A 6 4 0 0 4
B 2 1 4 0 5
C 2 3 4 4 11
D 7 4 5 0 9
E 3 2 9 0 11
F 6 1 11 0 12

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Resource-Loading Chart
Figure 12.18 Resource-Loading Chart for Sample Project

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Figure 12.19 Modified Resource-Loading
Chart When Splitting Task C

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Managing Resources in Multiproject
Environments
• Schedule Slippage
• Resource Utilization
• In-Process Inventory
• Resolving Resource Decisions in Multiproject Environments
– First In Line
– Greatest Resource Demand
– Greatest Resource Utilization
– Minimum Late Finish Time
– Mathematical Programming

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Summary
1. Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a project,
making scheduling and planning difficult.
2. Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to project
schedules to identify potential resource overallocation situations.
3. Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities over the
baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization heuristics.
4. Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource
requirements across the project life cycle.
5. Apply resource management within a multiproject environment.

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