3. Water Wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of
flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often
in a watermill. A water wheel consists of a wheel (usually
constructed from wood or metal), with a number
of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming
the driving car.
Water wheels were still in commercial use well into the
20th century but they are no longer in common use. Uses
included milling flour in gristmills, grinding wood into pulp
for papermaking, hammering wrought iron, machining, ore
crushing and pounding fibre for use in the manufacture
of cloth.
4. Movable Type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is
the system and technology of printing and typography that uses
movable components to reproduce the elements of a document
(usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation
marks) usually on the medium of paper.
The diffusion of both movable-type systems was, to some
degree, limited to primarily East Asia. The development of
the printing press in Europe may have been influenced by
various sporadic reports of movable type technology brought
back to Europe by returning business people and missionaries to
China. Some of these medieval European accounts are still
preserved in the library archives of the Vatican and Oxford
University among many others.
5. Aeolipile
An aeolipile, aeolipyle, or eolipile, also known as
a Hero's engine, is a simple, bladeless radial steam
turbine which spins when the central water container is
heated. Torque is produced by steam jets exiting the
turbine. The Greco-
Egyptian mathematician and engineer Hero of
Alexandria described the device in the 1st century AD,
and many sources give him the credit for its invention.
The aeolipile which Hero described is considered to be
the first recorded steam engine or reaction steam
turbine. The name – derived from the Greek word Αἴολος
and Latin word pila – translates to "the ball of Aeolus",
Aeolus being the Greek god of the air and wind.
6. Greek Fire
Greek fire was an incendiary weapon used by the Byzantine Empire beginning c. 672. Used to set
light to enemy ships, it consisted of a combustible compound emitted by a flame-throwing weapon.
Some historians believe it could be ignited on contact with water, and was probably based on
naphtha and quicklime. The Byzantines typically used it in naval battles to great effect, as it could
supposedly continue burning while floating on water. The technological advantage it provided was
responsible for many key Byzantine military victories, most notably the salvation of Constantinople
from the first and second Arab sieges, thus securing the Empire's survival.
7. Abacus
The manoj abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also
called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that
has been in use since ancient times and is still in use
today. It was used in the ancient Near East, Europe,
China, and Russia, centuries before the adoption of
the written Arabic numeral system. The exact origin
of the abacus is unknown. The abacus essentially
consists of a number of rows of movable beads or
other objects, which represent digits. One of two
numbers is set up, and the beads are manipulated to
implement an operation involving a second number
(e.g., addition), or rarely a square or cubic root.
8. Hourglass
An hourglass (or sandglass, sand timer, sand clock or egg timer)
is a device used to measure the passage of time. It comprises
two glass bulbs connected vertically by a narrow neck that allows a
regulated flow of a substance (historically sand) from the lower
bulb to the upper one. Typically the upper and lower bulbs are
symmetric so that the hourglass will measure the same duration
regardless of orientation. The specific duration of time a given
hourglass measures is determined by factors including the quantity
and coarseness of the particulate matter, the bulb size, and the
neck width.
9. Kite
A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air craft
with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A
kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail
to guide the face of the kite so the wind can lift it. Some kite designs don’t
need a bridle; box kites can have a single attachment point. A kite may have
fixed or moving anchors that can balance the kite. One technical definition is
that a kite is “a collection of tether-coupled wing sets“. The name derives
from its resemblance to a hovering bird.
10. Ancient Inventions Timeline
9500 B.C.
Earliest depiction of a “Kite”
2700 B.C.
Earliest accounts of the “Abacus”
Circa 1600 B.C.
First known forms of the “Hourglass”
300 B.C.
First known record of the “Water
Wheel”
200 B.C.
First accounts of the “Moveable
Type” by woodblock printing
Circa 100 A.D.
The Hero invents the “Aeolipile”
672 A.D.
Byzantines create “Greek Fire”
2019
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consectetuer adipiscing elit.
12. Photography
Photography is the art, application, and practice of
creating durable images by recording light, either
electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically
by means of a light-sensitive material such
as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of
science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and
business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and
video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass
communication.
13. Central Processing Unit
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central
processor, main processor or just processor, is
the electronic circuitry within a computer that
executes instructions that make up a computer program.
The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
instructions in the program. This contrasts with external
components such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and
specialized processors such as graphics processing
units (GPUs).
The computer industry used the term "central processing
unit" as early as 1955.
14. Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit.
These objects are called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as
Earth's Moon.
Satellites are used for many purposes. Among several other applications, they can be used to make
star maps and maps of planetary surfaces, and also take pictures of planets they are launched into.
Common types include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications
satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and space telescopes. Space stations and
human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.
15. Telephone
A telephone is a telecommunications device that
permits two or more users to conduct
a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard
directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most
efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that
are transmitted via cables and other communication
channels to another telephone which reproduces the
sound to the receiving user. The term is derived
from Greek: τῆλε (tēle, far) and φωνή (phōnē, voice),
together meaning distant voice. A common short form
of the term is phone, which came into use almost
immediately after the first patent was issued.
16. Light Bulb
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light
globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The
filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect
the filament from oxidation. Current is supplied to the filament by
terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides
mechanical support and electrical connections.
Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, light
output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They
require no external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing costs,
and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current. As a
result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and
commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps,
car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising
lighting.
17. Radio
Radio is the technology of signaling
and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves
are electromagnetic waves of frequency between
30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are
generated by an electronic device called
a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates
the waves, and received by a radio
receiver connected to another antenna. Radio is very
widely used in modern technology, in radio
communication, radar, radio navigation, remote
control, remote sensing and other applications.
18. Television (TV)
Television (TV), sometimes shortened to tele or telly, is
a telecommunication medium used
for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in
two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set,
a television show, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass
medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports.
19. Modern Inventions Timeline
1822
First photograph was taken by Joseph
Nicéphore Niépce
1876
Alexander Graham Bell invents the
“Telephone”
1879
Edison shows off the “Incandescent
Light Bulb”
1895
Guglielmo Marconi transmits the first
radio signal
1927
Electronic television was first
demonstrated
1957
Soviet Union releases the first
artificial satellite into orbit
1971
The first commercial “CPU” was
released by Intel
