1. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺪ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬–‫ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‬.

2. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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‫ﺺ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺨ‬َ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬:
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‬.
،‫ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬:
١-،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬:‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬.
٢-‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬
٣-‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲝﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‬:
١-‫ﺣﺼﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺪﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬.
٣-‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺬﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﻢ‬.

3. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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٤-‫ﺃﺷﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻕ‬‫ﺃﻧﻌﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻞ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻩ‬.
٥-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺮﻳﻖ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬:‫ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﻟﻐـﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻉ‬:‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻭﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻫﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬.
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻧﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﳜﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬.

4. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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٩٨
:
‫ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‬
،‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫ﻭﺇﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬:‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻐﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻮﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺣﻴﻢ‬)١(
‫ﻭﻗﺎ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻝ‬:‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺮﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺸﺄﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳎﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﰊ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻮﺍ‬)٢(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺘﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﲑ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻳﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬)٣(
‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺪﻳﻨﺎﻩ‬)٤(
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:‫ﺃﲡﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﲝﻤﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬)٥(
.
)١(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:١٦٥.
)٢(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﻫﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:٦١.
)٣(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:٣.
)٤(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:١٠.
)٥(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:٣٠.

5. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٩٩
‫ﺑﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟــﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺘﻠﲏ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱄ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﺳﻂ‬‫ﻭﺇﲦﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﲦﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﻮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬)٦(
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻖ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺟﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ‬.
‫ﻭﺇﺫﻻﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻬﺮ‬ ،‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻗﺼﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺧﲑﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬.
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻄﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬
)٦(‫ﺁﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬:٢٧-٣٠.

6. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻠﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻔﺰ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺰﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺖ‬‫ﺇﺳﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﳛﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳔﺮﻃﺖ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺘﺠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻠﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺘﺠﺖ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﻤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﻫﺚ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺠﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺌﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ؛‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻘﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﲟﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻏﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻭﱂ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲑ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺼﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ؛‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﱪﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﲡﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺀ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬

7. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﱪﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺿﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
،‫ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺼﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﳉﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺩﻋﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻭﻳﻼ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺳﺎﺋ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤـﺔ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬:
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﳉﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﺖ‬١٩٤٨‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺩﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺠﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ،‫ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

8. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬)٧.(
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤـﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤـﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤـﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬.
‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺖ‬)٨(
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻛﺮ‬ ،:
١-‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺑﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬.
)٧(‫ﺍﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﱰﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺆﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﱰﻉ‬٣/٣٣٤‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬ ،:٧٤.
)٨(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬:٣٠‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﺖ‬ ،:١٠.

9. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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٢-‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﳌ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬)٩(
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺩﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﺕ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬.
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‬:‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬.
١-‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺳﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬.
)٩(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬:٣٦.

10. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
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١٠٤
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬:‫ﻭﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺭ‬)١٠(
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬:
١.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺓ‬.
٣.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬:
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﳋﺎﻧﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻧﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬)١١(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺓ‬:
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬(‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﲞﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ،
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬)١٢(
.
)١٠(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬:٣٢.
)١١(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺭﻭﳛﻪ‬:٢١-٢٢.

11. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١٠٥
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬(،‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲟﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻧﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﺎﺯ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬:
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﱵ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﺮﺩﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﳋﺮﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﺎﺯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬)١٣(
.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﲪﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺭﺳﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻐﺎﺯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬)١٤(
.
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻣﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
)‫ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬.(
٢-‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬:
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺔ‬)١٥(
.
‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ،‫ﺗﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬)١٦(
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ،
)١٢(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬:٣٧.
)١٣(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬:٣٢.
)١٤(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﺖ‬:٢٣-٢٤.
)١٥(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬:٤٣.
)١٦(‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲪﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯﻭﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻳﺲ‬١٩٤٢‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺟﺮﺍﺭ‬:٤٦.

12. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١٠٦
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﶈﺪﺛﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬)١٧(
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻔﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﲔ‬:‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺫﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﲑﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺓ‬)١٨(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻔﺠﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،)T,N,T(
‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺘﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬)١٩(
.
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ‬-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﲰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺗﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬.
١-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‬
،‫ﻭﺃﻧﺴﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳊﺮﻭﻕ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣﺴﺒﺒ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬﺠﻨ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
)١٧(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬:٨٤.
)١٨(‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ‬١٩٨٤‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﳌﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻀﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬)٣٠٠٠(‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬.
)١٩(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﺖ‬:٤٥.

13. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١٠٧
،‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬‫ﻭﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬)٢٠(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻀﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﺆ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﶈ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬)٢١(
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺟﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﱂ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻳﺰﺍﻳﺖ‬‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬)٢٢(
.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ‬
)٢٠(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬:٣٥.
)٢١(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺟﺮﺍﺭ‬:٦٠-٦١‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺑﻄﺎﺡ‬ ،‫ﺳﻠﻬﺐ‬ ،:٩.
)٢٢(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬:٦١.

14. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١٠٨
‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‬‫ﻓﺨﻮﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺿﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﲔ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺘﺮﺑﻊ‬‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺴﻜﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺮﺍﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬)BZ(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬)٢٣(
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ،‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬:
‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺠﺄﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺟﻨﺮﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺣﺮ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﺅ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺯﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬)‫ﺳﻴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻥ‬‫ﺕ‬(‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺮﺭﻭﻫﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬.
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
،‫ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬
)٢٣(‫ﺹ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻬﺐ‬:٢٣‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬ ،:٧٧‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬ ،:٦.

15. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١٠٩
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺖ‬)٢٤(
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻧﻮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﳋﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ‬١١٥٥‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲨﻴﻌ‬)٢٥(
.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﱪﺯ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬)٢٦(
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﳊﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺏ‬)٢٧(
‫ﺑﺎﻏﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ،
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻥ‬١٩١٥‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)١٨٠(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺬﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻨ‬)٧٥٣٠(
‫ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ‬)٢٨(
‫ﺍﻹﳒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﺰ‬)٢٠٠(‫ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬
‫ﲪﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬)٥٨٠٠(‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻨ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﺀ‬)٢٩(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ،
)٢٤(‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻨﻜﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬٦٥٠‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺸﺐ‬.
)٢٥(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬:٢٧.
)٢٦(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺟﺮﺍﺭ‬:٩.
)٢٧(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬:٢٩.
)٢٨(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬:١٦.
)٢٩(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺳﻮﺳﻲ‬:١٧٩‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺩﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬ ،:٢٨.

16. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٠
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)٣٠(
.
‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﻭﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺯﻋﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬)DN(‫ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻣﻲ‬١٩٦٨‫ﻭﻏﺎﺯ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬)BZ(‫ﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﳏﺼﻮﻝ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍﳌﻴﺞ‬(
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬)‫ﺑﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬(‫ﺍﻷﻓﻐﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‬
‫ﻋـﺎﻡ‬١٩٨٠‫ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬)‫ﺍﳋﺮﺩﻝ‬(‫ﳏﺪﺛﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬)١٥٠٠٠(‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﲔ‬١٩٣٦‫ﻡ‬.
)٣٠(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬:٧٣‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‬ ،:١٠٩.

17. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١١
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻃﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﳕﻄ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﳕﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﲑﺍﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬:
١-‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬:‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﲑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻋﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬)٣١(
.
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﲟﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
)٣١(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺟﺮﺍﺭ‬:٧٥.

18. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٢
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﲢﻀﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺬﺭﻋﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻪ‬-‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬:‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﲰﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬)٣٢(
.
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﲔ‬.
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺳﺎﺕ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﻭﺱ‬‫ﺑﻠﺪﻍ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻮﺿﺔ‬)AEDESAEGYPTI(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﲑﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺆ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‬)٣٣(
.
٢-‫ﻭﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻄﻌﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬)٣٤(
.
)٣٢(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ‬:٧٤.
)٣٣(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬:٥٦‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬ ،:١٠٨.
)٣٤(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺟﺮﺍﺭ‬:٨٨.

19. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٣
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻧﺜﺮﺍﻛﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺜﲑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻣ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﺖ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﳏﻈﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬)٣٥(
.
٢-‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬:
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻋﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬١٧٦٣‫ﻡ‬)٣٦(
‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺮﺍﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺬ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻒ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺛﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲜﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺟﻢ‬)٧٠٠(‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮﻥ‬١٩٦٦‫ﲟﺼﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺒﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)١١٦(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬١٩٥٢‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ‬
)٣٥(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬ ،‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬:٢٤٤.
)٣٦(‫ﺍﳊﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﲑﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻫﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﻗﺘﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻫﺐ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻼﺭﻙ‬:١٦.

20. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٤
‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬٤٥%‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬)٢٦(‫ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬)١٣٤٨‫ﻡ‬-١٣٧٤‫ﻡ‬()٣٧(
.
‫ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬:
١-‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻛ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻏﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺜﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‬)٣٨(
‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻞ‬)‫ﻓﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺗﺮﻙ‬(‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺫﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺫﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺵ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬٥٠‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ‬)١٠-٦
(‫ﻡ‬)٣٩(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬:
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﱪﺯ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ‬ ،‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﲑﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮﻫ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻬﺠﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
)٣٧(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬:٢٤٢.
)٣٨(‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬١٣٤٦‫ﻡ‬.
)٣٩(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬:٢٥٣-٢٥٤.

21. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٥
‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬)٢٠(‫ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬)١٩١٨‫ﻡ‬-١٩١٩‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﲑﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬)٤٠(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬١٩٤٥‫ﻡ‬)٤١(
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻼﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﺑﻊ‬.
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﳒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻼﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻫﲑﻭﺷﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬ ،‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲡﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻏﺎﺯﺍﻛﻲ‬‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﳒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ‬.
)٤٠(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‬:١٣٢.
)٤١(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ،‫ﻛﻌﻮﺵ‬:٧.

22. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٦
‫ﻧﺸﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺄﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﱵ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬:
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬
‫ﲢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ‬ ،‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬)٤٢(
.
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬٢٣٥‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬٢٣٩،‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‬)٤٣(
،
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﳊﺪﻭﺙ‬‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﲜﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬)kr(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻳﻮﻡ‬)Ba(
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺙ‬)٤٤(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻠﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻧﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻄﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬)٤٥(
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬.
)٤٢(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬:٤٦.
)٤٣(‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﳝﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻛﺰﱄ‬:٢٧.
)٤٤(‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ‬.
)٤٥(‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬:٣٥٦.

23. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٧
٢-‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬)٤٦(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺘﲑﻳ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻴﻠﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ً‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬)٣,٢٧(‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬)٤٧(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺘﲑﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺳﻬ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬)٤٨(
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﲔ‬‫ﳑﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬)٦×١٠٧(
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬)٥٠(‫ﺍﻧﺸﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬)٤٩(
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬)١٩٤٥‫ﻡ‬-
١٩٦٧‫ﻡ‬()٥٠(
.
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬:‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬١٩٥٨‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﲢﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺫﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
)٤٦(‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﺃﺛﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻮﻑ‬:١٠٢.
)٤٧(‫ﺷﺤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬e‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﲤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺪ‬١‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬:٧٨.
)٤٨(‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ‬‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬:١٥.
)٤٩(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬:٩٩.
)٥٠(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺮ‬:٣٠.

24. ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬ ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬‫د‬.‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬–‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫رﺑﯿﻊ‬١٤٢٦‫ﻣﺎﯾﻮ‬ ‫ھـ‬٢٠٠٥‫م‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
١١٨
‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬)٥١(
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﲑﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺐ‬.
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﺨﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﺎﺛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ‬)٥٢(
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﳊﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺠﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬٥٠%‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬)٥٣(
.
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺎ‬‫ﻓﺘﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻒ‬
)٥١(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺯﻫﺮﺍﻥ‬:٣٩.
)٥٢(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻛﻮﻫﻦ‬:٤٦.
)٥٣(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬:٥٩.