Ophthalmoscopy is a test performed during an eye exam that allows a health professional to examine the interior structures of the eye, especially the retina, using an ophthalmoscope. There are two main types - direct ophthalmoscopy, where the health professional looks directly into the eye, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, where a light is shone into the eye so the health professional can view the retina through a lens. Ophthalmoscopy is used to check for signs of eye diseases and conditions like cataracts, macular degeneration, and retinal tears or detachments.

2. OPHTHALMOSCOPY
IT IS DONE AS PART OF AN EYE EXAMINATION AND MAY BE DONE AS PART OF A ROUTINE
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.
OPHTHALMOSCOPY IS ALSO CALLED FUNDUSCOPY, IS A TEST THAT ALLOWS A HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL TO SEE INSIDE THE FUNDUS OF THE EYE & OTHER STRUCTURES USING AN
OPHTHALMOSCOPE OR FUNDUSCOPE.

4. ABOUT
• An instrument for examining the interior structure of the eye, especially the retina,
consisting essentially of a mirror that reflects light into the eye and a central hole through
which the eye is examined.
• Is process by which a medical professional investigate the body of a patient for signs of
disease.

5. PRINCIPLE
• Helmholtz’s instrument operated by using a mirror to shine a beam of light into
the eye.
• The observer would look through a tiny aperture in the mirror.
• Helmholtz found that looking through the lens into the back of the eye only
produced a red reflection.

6. HOW DOES AN OPHTHALMOSCOPE WORK?
YOUR EYE DOCTOR WILL DIM THE LIGHTS OF THE ROOM AND ASK YOU TO
FOCUS ON A FIXED POINT ON A FAR WALL.
USING DIRECT OR INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE, YOUR DOCTOR WILL EXAMINE
THE STRUCTURE OF YOUR EYE.
YOUR EYE DOCTOR IS LOOKING FOR SIGNS OF A HEALTHY RETINA & ALSO FAR
INDICATIONS OF ANY NUMBER OF POTENTIAL EYE PROBLEMS LIKE CATARACTS
OR MACULAR DEGENERATIONS.

7. TYPES OF OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

8. DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
During direct ophthalmoscopy, you may here a clicking sound as the
instrument is adjusted to focus an different structure in the eye.
The light is some times very intense and you may see spots for a short
time following the examination.
These are actually the outlines of the blood vessels of the retina.

9. INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• The indirect ophthalmoscopy, the light is much more intense and may be some
what uncomfortable.
• Pressure applied to your eyeball with the blunt instrument also may be
uncomfortable. If the test is painful.

10. ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• IT IS PORTABLE DEVICE
• IT IS EASY TO USE
• UPRIGHT IMAGE
• CAN USE WITHOUT DILATION.
DISADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• SMALL FIELD OF VIEW
• LACK OF STEREOPSIS
• MEDIA OPACITIES CAN DEGRADE IMAGE.

11. ADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• Image not affected by the patients refractive power
• Delivery of laser
• Binocular examination of fundus up-to the periphery
• Large field of view.
DISADVANTAGE:
• Difficult to learn
• Less magnification, therefore details of a small lesion not visualized properly
• Impossible with very small pupils
• More uncomfortable to the patient.

12. WHEN IS OPHTHALMOSCOPY USED?
• Damage to your optic nerve
• Retinal tear or detachment.
• Diabetes
• Hypertension, which is also known as high blood pressure
• Melanoma, a type of skin cancer that can spread to your eye.

13. USES OF OPHTHALMOSCOPE
• The red free in the ophthalmoscope is used to differentiate between retinal &
choroidal lesion.
• Large aperture is used to examine the fundus through the dilated pupil.
• Small aperture is used to examine the fundus with small pupil.

14. THANK YOU