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1. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 2 Issue 6, Nov- Dec 2019
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 45
A REVIEW PAPER- INFLUENCE OF WELDING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
MILD STEEL & EN31 BUTT WELD AT DIVERSE GROOVE ANGLE
Amiy Anshukar Yaduvanshi*, Om Prakesh Tiwari**
*(Resarch Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow)
** (Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow)
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Abstract:
The process of joining same or different material by using heat through any heat source, in
which some time pressure and filler material is used or not used called welding. Due to the heat
generated near the HZA changes the mechanical properties of material, we are going to review the
change in mechanical properties of mild steel welded by electric arc welding.
Keywords — Arc Welding, Mild Steel, HZA, Impact Test, Hardness Test, Groove Angle.
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I. INTRODUCTION
In production most of the materials are made-up into the
desired shape mainly by one of the following method viz.
casting, forming, machining and welding. The process of
welding require heat and metals to weld by heating and
allowing to cool the filler metal if they are used during the
welding. This process is a very great way to create the
required shape of the material. This process is good for steel .
The range of a picky technique depends upon different factors
which may consist of shape and size of the component, care
required, cost, material and its accessibility. From time to time
one specific process may be used to realize the desired object.
However, more often it is likely to have a variety between the
processes available for making the end outcome. Among the
on hand options economy plays the key role in making the
finishing choice. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or
tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is an arc welding process
that uses a tungsten (non consumable) electrode to make the
weld. Shielding gas (usually an inert gas such as argon) is
used to keep the weld area from atmospheric contamination,
and a filler metal is normally used whereas some autogenous
welds do not require it. The point of the present study is to
look into effect of factor like welding current Value, grove
angle on weld bead geometry, bulk hardness, surface
cracks ,impact strength at room temperature, of the weld metal
on MS,EN8, EN31 grade using gas tungsten arc welding
(GTAW) or tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) process.
The testing of weld is carried out by two method that is
destructive testing and non destructive testing.
In destructive testing, the sample or work piece get destroyed
in testing so it is called destructive testing on another hand in
non destructive testing the sample or work piece does not
having any damages hence it is called non destructive testing.
Following tests and analysis work were carried out by
a. Bead geometry (Bead width and bead height)
b. Bulk Hardness test
c. Dye Penetrant test for identification of surface cracks
d. Bulk Hardness test
e. Impact test
f. Tensile test
g. Compressive test
h. Fatigue test
II. SELECTION OF VARIOUS FACTORS
AFFECTING WELDING
The resolve of contributing which needs to be investigated
depends on the response of interest. Academic studies and
literature review suggested that when performing welding
with TIG welding machine on steel plates of 5-6 mm
thickness the values of unlike parameters should be :
Welding current 100A-300A
Gas flow rate 9-15L/min
Grove angle 600
-1200
III. BULK HARDNESS TEST
Hardness is defined as the opposition offered by any material
to the applied load in the form of indentation/scratch. Bulk
hardness of the weld specimen was found using Rockwell
Hardness Testing Machine
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

2. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 2 Issue 6, Nov- Dec 2019
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 46
Fig1. Hardness testing machine
IV. IMPACT TEST
Impact strength of a material is defined as the resistance
offered by the material against the suddenly applied load. It is
also defined as the maximum amount of energy absorbed by
the material when subjected to sudden load. Impact test on the
weld specimen is performed on the impact testing machine
Fig 2. Impact testing machine
V. REVIEW FINDING
The first thing we studied in welding process is to gather
knowledge about the form that is going to affect the ending of
the process. Conforming the specific characteristics of the
welding.[2]The ending of the weld have to be without any
fault and remain in necessary geometric shape and size .Weld
have to be good effectiveness and after the weld the quantity
of waste metal has to be minimum.[3]during the process of
welding carelessness toward the welding process direct the
weld toward fault outcome some common fault outcome are
distortion
The process of taking away of distortion cost a large
amount of value of time and money. [4]The angular distortion
comes when the user use different types of thickness in plate,
joint –types, number of passes, thermo chemical properties. [5]
Performance varies at different shape and size selection and
also varying electromagnetic character. [6] rapidly cooling the
element increase in hardness can be notice.[7] For
homogenous thin materials, a method has been recently
developed to determine the long range true stress–strain curve
by using tensile specimens with rectangular cross section [8].
Mild steel or are a family of iron base alloys having
resistance to corrosion. Because of high resistance, used in
some simple construction, etc. Austenitic steels are one of the
best choices, as they combine good mechanical properties and
corrosion performance [9].Normalization, filtering, image
segmentation, feature extraction and classification techniques.
By gathering information from many paper we have decided
to complete the incomplete bridge in this mild steel research
there are not so many research in this field the latest research
done have a gap for different angle groove affect on the
mechanical properties’.
VI. CONCLUSION
After study different research paper following points are
conclude:
a. It is possible that the hardness of material (MS,EN8,
EN31) varying with the plate thickness.
b. It is possible that that the hardness of material
(MS,EN8, EN31) varying with different grooving
angle.
c. It is possible that the impact strength of material
(MS,EN8, EN31) varying with the plate thickness.
d. It is possible that that the impact strength of material
(MS,EN8, EN31) varying with different grooving
angle.
e. It is possible that the tensile strength of material
(MS,EN8, EN31) varying with the plate thickness.
f. It is possible that that the tensile strength of material
(MS,EN8, EN31) varying with different grooving
angle.
g. It is possible that the compressive strength of
material (MS,EN8, EN31) varying with the plate
thickness.
h. It is possible that that the compressive strength of
material (MS,EN8, EN31) varying with different
grooving angle.

3. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 2 Issue 6, Nov- Dec 2019
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 47
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