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Token-MAC: A Fair MAC Protocol for Passive
RFID Systems
ABSTRACT:
Passive RFID systems used for inventory management and asset tracking typically
utilize contention-based MAC protocols, such as the standard C1G2 protocol. Although
the C1G2 protocol has the advantage that it is easy to implement, it suffers from
unfairness and relatively low throughput when the number of tags in the network
increases. This paper proposes a token-based MAC protocol called Token-MAC for
passive RFID systems, which aims a) to provide a fair chance for tags in the network to
access the medium without requiring synchronization of the tags, b) to increase the
overall throughput, i.e., the tag rate, and c) to enable a high number of tags to be read
under limited tag read time availability, which is an especially important challenge for
mobile applications. We implement Token-MAC as well as C1G2 and a TDMA-based
protocol using Intel WISP passive RFID tags and perform experiments. Additionally,
based on our experimental results, we develop energy harvesting and communication
models for tags that we then use in simulations of the three protocols. Our experimental
and simulation results all show that Token-MAC can achieve a higher tag rate and
better fairness than C1G2, and it can provide better performance over a longer range
compared with the TDMA-based protocol. It is also shown that Token-MAC achieves
much lower tag detection delay, especially for high numbers of tags. Token-MAC is,
therefore, a promising solution for passive RFID systems.

2. EXISTING SYSTEM:
This paper proposes a token-based MAC protocol called Token-MAC for passive RFID
systems, which aims a) to provide a fair chance for tags in the network to access the
medium without requiring synchronization of the tags, b) to increase the overall
throughput, i.e., the tag rate, and c) to enable a high number of tags to be read under
limited tag read time availability, which is an especially important challenge for mobile
applications. We implement Token-MAC as well as C1G2 and a TDMA-based protocol
using Intel WISP passive RFID tags and perform experiments. Additionally, based on
our experimental results, we develop energy harvesting and communication models for
tags that we then use in simulations of the three protocols. It is also shown that Token-
MAC achieves much lower tag detection delay, especially for high numbers of tags.
Token-MAC is, therefore, a promising solution for passive RFID systems.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
We proposed the PUSLE protocol for RFID networks to reduce collisions of readers
when multiple readers are located in the same area. The Multi-
Channel MAC Protocol proposed by Dai et al. also focused on the communication
method between readers. These protocols deal with the fairness aspect of multireader
RFID systems. In our proposed Token-MAC
protocol, all of the tokens are either allocated by the RFID reader or generated by the
RFID tag itself. Also, as there is no token passing procedure, there is no risk of lost
tokens, and hence there is no need for token management. We propose and evaluate
Token-MAC, a MACprotocol to improve the fairness and throughput performance of
RFID systems compared with existing protocols
CONCLUSION:
In this paper, we propose and evaluate Token-MAC, a MAC protocol to improve the
fairness and throughput performance of RFID systems compared with existing
protocols. We compare the performance of Token-MAC with the standard C1G2
protocol as well as a TDMA protocol using both small-scale implementation
experiments and larger-scale simulations. The results of the experiments and the

3. simulations show that Token-MAC can provide higher tag rates, better fairness, and
much shorter delay to detect an entering tag compared with C1G2. Although the
TDMA protocol provides better performance than Token-MAC for small distances,
Token-
MAC outperforms the TDMA protocol in terms of both fairness and tag rate for all
distances greater than 1 m. In terms of delay to detect an entering tag, which is a crucial
metric for mobile applications, Token-MAC performs better than TDMA for long
distances or for large numbers of tags.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:-
HARDWARE CONFIGURATION:-
 Processor - Pentium –IV
 Speed - 1.1 Ghz
 RAM - 256 MB(min)
 Hard Disk - 20 GB
 Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
 Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
 Monitor - SVGA
SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION:-
 Operating System : Windows XP
 Programming Language : JAVA
 Java Version : JDK 1.6 & above.