1) The document provides biographical information about the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), including key events in his life from birth to migration to Medina. 2) It details his family lineage and notes the deaths of his parents and uncle, who had been protecting him. It then describes his marriage, the beginning of Islamic revelations, and early persecutions by the Quraysh tribe. 3) It highlights important events like the migration to Abyssinia, the boycott of the prophet's tribe, his overnight journey to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, and his historic migration to Medina which marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

1. Biography of Last Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
Event of Last Prophet’s Life

2. Countries & It’s Kings
KING’S TITLE Areas of Kingdom
Caesar-E-Rome Rom, Constantine today’s Istanbul, Syria, Sham & Arabian Peninsula.
Caesar and Kisra are Rom and Iran respectively.
Najashi Abyssinia or Habsha or today’s Ethiopia+Sudan.
Kisra Persia (Faras, Iran or Babylon).
Palestine=Jerusalem=Ilia, Greek=Yonan , Alexandria=Sikandria

3. Contents
Year Prophet’s Age Event
• 569 AD Death of his father, Abdullah, Incident Feel
• 570 AD Birth Date of birth: Monday 12 Rabi al Awal
• 576 AD 6 Death of his mother, Amina
• 583 AD 13 his uncle transfers him to Syria
• 595 AD 25 Meets and marries Khadijah
• 597 AD 27 Birth of Zainab, his first daughter, followed
by: Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, & Hz. Fatima
• 605 AD 35 Placement of Black stone
• 610 AD 40 Qur'anic revelation begins in the Cave of Hira
• 610 AD 40 Begins in private to gather followers in Mecca
• 613 AD 43 Begins spreading message of Islam publicly
to all Meccans
• 614 AD 44 Heavy persecution of Muslims begins

4. Year Prophet’s Age Event
• 615 AD 45 Emigration of a group of Muslims to Ethiopia
• 616 AD 46 Banu Hashim clan boycott begins
• 619 AD 49 The year of sorrows: Hz. Khadija & Abu Talib (his uncle) died
• 619 AD 49 Banu Hashim clan boycott ends
• 620 AD 50 Isra and Mi'raj (reported ascension to heaven to meet God)
• 622 AD, 1 AH 52 Hijrat, emigration to Medina (called Yathrib), Start of
Hijri Calendar.
• 623 AD, 2 AH 53 Battle of Badr
• 624 AD, 3 AH 54 Battle of Uhud, Bani Tameem (Jewish tribe) Banished from
Medina
• 627 AD, 6 AH 57 Battle of Trench (Ghuzwa Khandak or Ghuzwa Ahzaab
or siege of Medina), Battle against Traitors “Bani Quraiza”

5. Year Prophet’s Age Event
• 628 AD, 7 AH 58 The Meccan tribe and the Muslim signed a 10-year truce called
the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, Bait-e-Rizwan (Pledge of Tree),
Invitation Letters sent to neighboring Kings
• 629 AD, 8 AH 59 Conquest of Mecca, Ghazwa Muta (1st encounter with Romans),
Battle of Hunain, Ghuzwa Tabook
• 632 AD, 10 AH 63 Event of Mubahala, Farewell pilgrimage and death,
• Holy Wives & Children of Prophet

6. • Abraha ruler of Yemen: In 340 A.D Christians captured Yemen. But it was later
conquered by Jews, now it was under Jew’s control. In 523 AD a Jew, Dhue Nawas of
Yemen attacked Najrani Christians and forced them to convert to Judaism, but they
denied so he burnt them alive in a ditch. When Caesar heard about the incident he
wrote to An-Najashi to aid Najrani Christians. Eventually Najashi rescued
Yemen/Najran from Jews. Now Najashi became king of Yemen, he was killed by his
own commander Abraha.
• Idol Worship: During Hz. Ismael’s era (2000BC) people followed Ibrahim’s religion for
long time, later Amr Bin Hai went to Syria and saw people worshiping idols and as that
place was sacred he thought it to be a part of Ibrahim’s religion. So he started selling
idols in Arab hence idol worship started in Arab. Due to destruction of temple of
Solomon by Bukhtenasar and due to cruel kingdom of Ashok and Babil, Jews migrated
from Palestine to Arab.
Prior to the Birth of Prophet

7. • Qusai was a just leader of Arab. His son Qillab had 4 child one of which was
Hashim, who was a very humble man, during drought in Makah he brought food
from Palestine and fed Arab.
• After his death his son Shaiba (Abdul Mutalib bin Hashim) became leader. Abdul
Mutalib saw a dream to dig a well where crow had pecked. He starting digging
exactly at the place where he had dreamt of & he found well of Zam Zam,
swords and treasures due to which he became respectful.
• He had promised to sacrifice one of his child in the name of Allah. He hesitated
to do so Allah revealed him to sacrifice 100 camels in place of his son Abdullah.
Lineage of Prophet

8. • Najashi had built church in Arab but an Arabi had spread filthiness in the church.
• Najashi got furious by this act & he sent Abraha to demolish kaaba, he took
camels of Abdul Mutalib. Abdul Mutalib took his camels back from Abraha and
said Allah will Himself take care of Kaaba.
• Then Allah sent birds who threw pebbles on Abraha’s army and they all were
destroyed.
Incident Feel – 569 AD

9. • Hz. Abdullah died in medina prior to the birth of Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was born in 571 AD and Halima Saida took him with herself to her village,
she was poor now she got prosperous due to him. When Muhammad‫ﷺ‬ was 6 years
old she returned him to his mother.
• He travelled with his mother (Amina) and grandfather (Abdul Mutalib) to medina
where his father was buried. On their return his mother died at Abwa.
• After 2 years his grandfather also died and his uncle Abu Talib took him under his
guardianship.
• Due to his honesty, Hz. Khadija sent him a marriage proposal. Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬s all children
are from Hz. Khadija except Hz. Ibrahim who were from Hz. Maria. All of his sons died
in childhood, while all of her daughters accepted Islam and all died in his life except
Hz. Fatimah. Hz. Qasim, Hz. Ibrahim, Hz. Zainab, Hz. Ruqaqya, Hz. Ume kalsoon, Hz.
Fatimah were his children.
Parent’s Death & Guardianship

10. Placement of Black Stone (Hijre Aswad)
• Due to floods walls of kaaba grew weak so people decided to build the walls
again. Dispute erupted when the matter came to the placement of Hijre Aswad
(a stone came from Jannat).
• So it was decided that whoever would enter first in kaaba in the next morning
would make decision about its placement.
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was the first to enter and he wisely asked to all the members of
different tribes to place the stone on a sheet and asked them to hold its corners.

11. Preaching Secretly 1st Nabvi
(Prophet aged 40 years)
• He used to worship most of the time in the cave hira.
• When the revelation came upon him, he got so scared that he went to his home
and asked for her wife for blanket.
• Hz. Khadija took him to his cousin Warqa bin Nofil and he recognized him as
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and said if I would be alive I would help you when your nation will
abandon you.
• Then he started preaching secretly for 3 years to his close relations, and in this
era 40 people converted to Muslims. After this he started preaching openly so
Quraish started persecution on Muslims.

12. Persecution Started 4th Nabvi
• Abu Lahab was uncle of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ who used to abuse Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and he always
used to chase him, he used to hit him stones.
• He asked his two sons Utbah and Shaibah to give divorce to Ruqaya and Um e
Kalsoom (daughters of Prophet ‫.)ﷺ‬ Whole of the Quraish planned to distract
people by telling them that Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ is a magician.

13. 1st Migration to Habsha
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ preached pilgrims (coming from different places) so he became
famous around Arab now.
• When the persecution exceeded Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ ordered Muslims to migrate to
Habasha whose king Najashi (Christian) was very fair. Therefore again a
migration of 82 men 19 women took place on which their family members grew
very angry so they went to Najashi and tried to evoke him against Muslims by
telling false creed about Hz. Essa to Najashi and asked them to send them back,
but as Najashi was just, he asked Muslims about their beliefs, Muslims explained
Islam and belief for Hz. Essa, after which Najashi decided to continue giving
protection to Muslims.
• When they returned they threatened Abu Talib, but he kept protecting Prophet
‫.ﷺ‬ Utbah bin Jahal humiliated Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ cursed him, one night he
was eaten by lion. One day Abu Jahal hit Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ a stone, hearing this his
uncle Hz. Hamza went to Abhu Jahal and hit him, when he reached Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ ,
he said be happy I have beaten Abu Jahal, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said I will only be happy if
you would accept Islam on hearing this his uncle Hz. Hamza accepted Islam.
After this Hz. Umar also accepted Islam.

14. Boycott 7th Nabvi
• As the number of Muslims were increasing rapidly, so Quraish asked Abu Talib
protector of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to hand him over to them for execution but he
refused.
• So Quraish decided to totally boycott clan of Hashim and forced them to
withdraw from Makah. Quraish signed a parchment among themselves to
boycott Bani Hashim and hanged it by the Kaaba. The boycott was devastating &
miserable. Abu Talib and Banu Hashim except Abu Lahab remained in Shoib Abi
Talib( Valley) for 3 years. There they even had to eat leaves.
• One day Abu Talib went to Quraish and told them that Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ told him
that the parchment is eaten up by termites, if it’s true then put parchment to
end. Quraish went to Kaaba and saw the parchment eaten up also some people
felt mercy on their condition & they stood against the parchment eventually the
parchment ended but still neither Quraish nor his uncle Abu Talib believed in
prophet’s prophecy.

15. Taif Journey (10th Nabvi)
• Due to the devastating boycott Abu Talib’s & Hz. Khadija’s health deteriorated
very much. Abu Talib was about to die, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ asked him to say kalimah but
he didn’t, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ asked forgiveness from Allah for him, until Allah told him to
stop asking forgiveness for non-believers. After 3 more days Hz. Khadija also
died. As Abu Talib, protector of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ , died so Quraish were now free and
their persecution increased.
• So Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ travelled to Taif 60 miles from Makkah to Bani Sakeef with Hz. Zaid
bin Haris with the thought that they might accept Islam. But they didn’t
accepted Islam instead they ordered hooligans to chase him and drew out of
town, hooligans hit him stones due to which blood started flowing out his body,
when Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ gets tired and he sits to get some rest those hooligans used to
pick him up and forced him to keep walking. An angel came to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ who
asked his permission to throw the mountain over Taif, but he refused and said I
hope next generation of this nation would accept Islam.
• While going back in Makah Jins accepted Islam and Jins started preaching among
themselves. Now Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ reached Makkah & started preaching again and
famous people accepted Islam.

16. How Islam Spread in Medina Prior to
Prophet’s Migration
• In 10th Nabvi Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ met six people from Yathrib (medina) who had come for
the annual rites of pilgrimage at ‘Aqaba (near Mina in Makah). They listened to
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and immediately recognized him as the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ mentioned in
Jewish scriptures as told by their fellow Jewish citizens. They thought to succeed
in accepting Islam from their other fellows. All of the six people from Yathrib
accepted Islam. They pledged an oath of allegiance (1st Pledge of Aqaba) to the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and promised to return the next year. Upon their return to Yathrib
(medina) they described the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to the people and soon he became the
talk of the town. The following year twelve more men came for the annual rites
of pilgrimage and all accepted Islam. Some terms of the pledge, known as the
First Pledge of ‘Aqaba, were:
• Not to worship other than Allah, not to steal or rob, not to practice the custom
of killing children, not to falsely accuse or backbite anyone, not to disobey him in
good deeds and just cause, To obey his decisions even if it be hard or easy, to
their liking or not.
• Then Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said: If you fully comply with these promises, you will have the
right to paradise.

17. Night Journey-12th Nabvi
• In 12th Nabvi Meeraj took place & Namaz became obligatory. Quraish told Abu
Bakr that Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ claimed of Meeraj he said if he claim so, then it’s true so he
was entitled with the title Siddique. As he had never visited Bait ul Makdas
before Miraj so Quraish decided to ask him about the mosque but he could not
remember about the mosque. Then Allah raised Bait ul Maqdas before him so he
told Quraish about it. He also told them about the detail of caravan and told that
it would arrive by sunset & by the sunset Quraish witnessed the caravan on its
arrival.

18. Migration to Medina - 13th Nabvi, start of
Hijri Calendar
• In 13th Nabvi Muslims increased in medina and asked Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to come to
medina, and they promised Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to be true faithful. Most Muslims
migrated to medina and few were left in Makah. Quraish held a meeting and
decided to kill Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and for compensation they would give blood money to
his family.
• Allah ordered Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to migrate, he asked Hz. Ali to sleep on his bed and
asked him to arrive medina after returning the consignment of Quraish. In the
night Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ came out and threw soil on the people gathered around his
house to kill him so they got blind for that moment, this incident is mentioned in
Quran as Allah said, Prophet you didn’t threw the soil but it was Him who threw
soil on the polytheists. He went to Abu Bakr who already had his camel ready.
• He took his possessions and went to cave-Sour where they remained for 3 days.
At night Abdullah bin Abu Bkr used to give news about Quraish to them. On the
day servant of Hz. Abu Bkr, Amir, sent milk while feeding goats.

19. Stay at Cave Thawr
• In morning Quraish found Hz. Ali on the bed of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and they beat him and
captured him till they found it’s useless to keep him as captive. Quraish
announced reward of 100 camels on Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Many people went for search,
some even get close to cave-sour but they never tried to saw inside the cave due
to eggs of pigeon and the web of spider at the mouth of the cave.
• After 3 days they left cave, around 130 miles from Makah they stopped near a
camp and asked the woman to draw milk from goat, she told them that the goat
is weak and is unable to give any milk, prophet took permission to drew milk and
when Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ drew milk it was plentiful that every pot of their house became
full.

20. Saraka Chased Prophet
• Saraka chased & found Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ invoked evil on him and so the legs of
his horse sank into the earth, Suraqa said, 'I see that you have invoked evil on me.
Please invoke good on me, and by Allah, I will cause those who are seeking after you
to return.' The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ invoked good on him and he was saved. Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ gave
him glad tidings of Qisra (Persia)’s gold bangles. In the reign of Hz. Umar when Persia
was conquered by Muslims Hz. Umar asked to whom we should give these gold
bangles on which Hz. Suraqa said don’t you remember the words of prophet that I
will be the one to wear these bangles?
• On his way back whenever he met somebody on the way, he would say, 'I have looked
for him here in vain.' So he caused whomever he met to return. Buraida bin Hasseb
who was leader of a clan of Quraish came to arrest them with his 70 people, but as
soon as he met them he accepted Islam.

21. Arrival at Medina:
Here news spread in medina that Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ is coming, so every morning they went to
Harra to welcome Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ one day while they were returning they saw Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬s
caravan, people reached Harra to welcome him. Then Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ turned to Quba. After
returning the belongings of Quraish Hz. Ali joined Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ in Quba. On 5th day Prophet
‫ﷺ‬ went to medina and all of the people went on the roofs of their houses and recited
ṭala‘a 'l-badru ‘alaynā, min thaniyyāti 'l-wadā‘,wajaba 'l-shukru ‘alaynā, mā da‘ā li-l-lāhi
dā‘……
“O the white moon rose over us
From the valley of Vida thus
Gratitude is compulsory for us to show
Where the inviter is towards Allah anyhow
O you who were raised amongst us in such way
Came with the command for us to obey
You have brought to this city nobleness I say
The excellent inviter towards God’s way”

22. Prophet stayed at Hz. Abu Ayyub Ansari’s
House
• Everyone wanted him to be their guest. But Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said, let the camel set
free, camel sat near Abu Ayub Ansari’s house, so he made Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ his guest.
He built Masjid E Nabvi and made rooms for his wives. Then the problem to
gather Muslims at prayer arose consequently azan was set following the dream.
Ansaar (literal meaning: Helpers) were people in medina and Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ made
the migrators brother of each Ansari & they started living together, here Ansar
set a great example of hospitality.

23. Peace Treaty with neighboring tribes
• The tribe of Aus and Khazraj in medina accepted Islam. There were three tribes
of Jews in Medina, Bani Nazir, Banu Quraiza & Banu Qanqa, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ signed a
peace treaty with them. At that time Abdullah bin Ubai was about to become
leader of medina but due to arrival of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ people left him and started
following Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ so he envied Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Quraish threatened Abdullah b.
Ubai to banish Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ or otherwise warned him for a war but when Prophet
‫ﷺ‬ said to them that will you fight with your own brothers? Hearing this the
people restrained from fighting.
• Quraish gathered their neighboring tribes and plan to attack medina, therefore
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ decided to halt trading of Quraish from Syria to Makkah as Medina is
in-between Syria & Makkah. He also signed peace treaty with neighboring tribes.
He made contract with Banu Mudrij and Zmra to not to fight.

24. Battle of Badr in 2AH, 624 AD
• Krz bin Jafar looted the cattle of Ansar. Muslims were enraged by this act. Abu Sufyan
left for very big caravan for Syria for trade. The plan was to attack the Muslims with
the profit from this trip. While they were returning from Syria, rumor spread that
Muslims were coming to plunder this caravan, so Abu Sufyan called for reinforcement
from Makah.
• When prophet got news of the issue he ordered his 313 companions to prepare for
battle. Since nonbelievers reached first, they selected best strategic place. Since
Muslims came later, the area they got was sandy and their feet sank into it. Allah
blessed the Muslims with rain at night and their sandy area become easier to walk on,
while the area of nonbelievers became marshy and it was difficult to sand on it.
• Two children (Maaz bin Amr & Maz b. Juma), asked Abdul Rehman b. Auf about Abu
Jahal whom they have been told insults Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ they killed Abu Jahal, meanwhile
Iqrama b. Jahal hit Maz b. Amr and slain his arm, the hand was dangling so he used
his feet to step on the dangling hand and he forcefully removed the hand. Hz. Bilal
killed Umaya b. khalf who used to persecute him. Many Muslims killed their own
relatives from Islam.

25. Hz. Okasha’s Sword
• Hz. Okasha’s sword had broken so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ gave him stick which became sword.
• When the corpses of polytheists were taken away to be thrown in the well Hz.
Huziafa was depressed, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ asked why is he depressed? He said I was
expecting that my father (Utba b. Rbia) was a wise man and he would accept Islam
but seeing his ending makes me depressed.
Route of Quraish’s
caravan from Syria

26. Prisoners & Exile of Banu Qanqa
• Some of the prisoners were pardoned as a favor. Others were offered to pay
ransom, the poor but educated prisoners were given the task of educating then
Muslims children each.
• After the battle prophet went to Banu Qanqa and invited them towards Islam, they
denied, and said don’t have any false impressions or illusion, you have faced people
who didn’t know how to fight that’s why you were victorious. By god if you even
had to deal with us, you will realize what we are.
• A Muslim women went to marketplace of Banu Qanqa they misbehaved with her, a
sahabi killed the man. The Jews in return killed the sahabi. Now Muslims besieged
Banu Qanqa and finally they were exiled to Syria.

27. Battle of Uhad in 3AH, 625 AD
• Muslims attacked Abu Sufyan’s caravan & looted it. Iqrama came to Abu Sufyan and
asked him to fight so they came out with 3000 men. Muslims came with 1000 men
but Abdullah b. Ubai argued prophet that you have not preferred his opinion to
fight while remaining in medina so he left Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and went back. Rest of 700
Muslims fought bravely due to which pagans retreated.
• Most of the archers appointed on mountains saw Muslims gathering booty so they
left their positions to collect their share, while Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ had ordered them not to
leave until commanded, seeing this pagans attacked consequently 70 Sahabas were
martyred, Muslims fought well again and made pagans step back.

28. Prior to the Birth of Prophet
• Syed Hanzla who had just been married had been martyred & angles came to
give him bath. Pagans cut organs of Muslims due to their anger. Wahshi killed Hz.
Hamza - upon the orders of Hind bint Utbah, the wife of Abu Sufyan due to her
anger as her father, Utbah, had been killed in the battle of Badr. Wahshi pulled
out his liver and presented it to Hind.
• A women from Banu Dinar came and asked about Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ she was told that
her son, husband and brother had died but she still she only wanted to know
about the wellness of Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ sent a man to Quraish next day who
told them about the angriness in Muslims due to which Quraish backed off.
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married with daughter of Hz. Umar, Syeda Hafsa, Qibla changed to
Kaaba & order to observe fast was revealed. Hz. Fatima married to Hz. Ali & Hz.
Hassan was born.

29. Muslims Deceived
• Azal and Qara men came and asked Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to send some people to teach
their tribe Islam but they retreated and attacked and killed those Muslims.
• Abu Amr came to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ who didn’t accepted Islam but said that if you
preach to Al-Najad they would accept Islam, prophet sent 70 sahabas with him,
but all those 70 sahabas got killed.

30. Banu Nazir a Jewish tribe Banished:
• Jews were banished because they helped Quraish in Uhad while they had peace
treaty with Muslims. Some Muslims killed two Jews while they had protection
contract, so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ went to Bani Nazir (Jews Tribe) so to pay the blood
money, but those Jews conspired to kill prophet by throwing a huge stone on
him from the hill top, Hz. Jibrael revealed him about their intentions. Due these
reasons Jews were banished & they started living in Khbyer. While Banu Quraiza
(Jews) stayed at medina as they didn’t bothered Muslims yet.

31. Battle of Trench (Khandaq) in 5 AH, 627 AD
• It’s also called Ghuzwa Ahzaab as different groups gathered. In Arabic, Ahzaab
means group. Jews of Banu Qanqa and Banu Nazir gathered army of 10,000
including Quraish, Jews & Arab tribes. Due to their strength Hz. Salman Farsi
suggested to dig trench in front of medina as on the rest of 3 sides there were
mountains from where enemy could not attack, so on fourth direction trench was
dug on Syria border.
• While digging trench a rock was not being dislodged so prophet was called. He
struck 3 times and the rock dislodged & every time he stroke, flash of light emerged
from the stone. He said, By the light of the first I saw the castles of Yemen; by the
light of the second I saw the castles of Syria; by the light of the third I saw the white
palace of Kisra (Chosroes, King of Persia) at Mada'in.

32. Cont. Battle of Trench
• In this battle, Huyayy ibn Akhtab from Banu Nazir persuaded the Banu Qurayza who
were still settled in Medina to go against their covenant with Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ and
turn against him during the battle, they did so. They attacked the fort in which
women and children had been placed for security reasons. Hazrat Safia the paternal
aunt of holy prophet killed a Jew, cutting off his head threw it out of fort. Jews
thought there is also an army inside the fort so they ran away.
• As the days passed by, enemies problems multiplied as it was not easy to get
supplies for such huge army, some of the tribes decided to go back. After 24 days a
violent wind blew due to which camps of pagans were uprooted, so the battle
ended.

33. Battle with Bani Quraiza:
• These were Jews who coup in battle of Trench. When Muslims returned back,
Allah ordered Muslims to fight with Bani Quraiza so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ ordered sahaba
to offer Asar prayer on the arrival at Bani Quraiza, but some sahabas prayed
while still on their way as the time for Asar was going away while other sahabas
prayed on arriving there. This matter when presented to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ he said both
of them are rightful. Muslims sieged Banu Quraiza consequently Bani Quraiza
surrendered they asked someone from Muslims to adjudicate for them, they
choose a Muslim who was previously a Jew to adjudicate for them, he still
adjudicated to kill the men while sparing women & children consequently 400
Jews were killed & the rest of Jews were expelled to Khyber (150 Km from
medina).
• Sumama who had come to kill Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ accepted Islam, afterwards he stopped
wheat for Makah polytheists but they requested Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to uplift the ban.
• Banul Mustaliq was intending to fight with Muslims but before they could attack
Muslims attacked them while they were unaware & made them captives. Their
leader’s daughter, Javeria accepted Islam and Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married her.

34. Pact- Treaty of Hudaybia in 6AH, 628 AD
• Bait-e-Rizwan: Muslims insisted to visit Kaaba and their relatives in Makah, all
Muslims went on journey at encamped at Hudaibia, Holy prophet spat into the
dry well of Hudaibiya, it filled up with water & scarcity of water was removed.
Quraish were not allowing them to enter Makah, so Hz. Usman whom Quraish
respected a lot was sent towards them rumor spread that he had been killed by
Quraish so Bait E Rizwan took place, in which Muslims pledged they will not go
back without taking retaliation of Hz. Usman’s blood. When Quraish knew about
the anger the sent Hz. Usman came back.
• Urwah bin Masood saqafi offered to go and talk to the holy prophet to settle the
matter, on coming back he told the Quraish,
• “O people of my tribe by god I have met kings such as Caesar, Kaiser and Njashi
but I have not seen any king get more respect than the Holy prophet. By god, if
he gives a command all of them run forward to obey him. When he made Wazu,
it looked as if they would fight amongst themselves to get their hands on the
water. And when he speaks all of them lower their voices. I think his suggestion
is a god one and should be accepted.”

35. Cont. Pact- Treaty of Hudaybia
• Pact- Treaty of Hudaybia in 6AH, 628 AD: Finally pact took place, that Muslims
would come next year and could stay for no more than 3 days, there would be
cease fire for 10 years, everyone will be free to choose religion, anyone from
Medina to Makah would not be returned back to Medina but anyone from
Makah to Medina would have to be returned.
• This treaty was just being written when the son of Sohail, hz. Abu Jandal entered
dragging his chains. He had run away from Makah as his father had ill-treated
him for accepting Islam. Prophet told him to be patient, he said we have made
peace and I have given the oath.
• Muslims were depressed because they felt these points were against Islam but it
happen to be in favor of Muslims. Due to this pact Islam spread rapidly in these
years, nonbelievers started visiting medina for trade to meet their family
members. Seeing the Muslims life style they got attracted towards Islam. Many
converted to Islam. Hz. Amr b. Aas, Khalid b. Walid also accepted Islam.

36. Conquest of Khyber in 7 AH, 629 AD
• There was no threat to Muslims from Quraish due to peace treaty but Jews of
Khyber were planning to unite with other Jews from Banu Wadi Qurra, Taima,
Fadak as well as Ghatfaan (an Arab tribe) to attack Medina.
• Nevertheless, in preventing the Jews' plan, Muslims had attacked the city of
Khaybar before the Jews were able to unite with other groups. Jews had
barricaded themselves in forts. All small castles were captured but castle Qamus
was not being conquered even by Hz. Abu Bakr & Hz. Usman.

37. Khyber Conquered by Hz. Ali
• Then Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said next day I will handle the flag to one whom Allah loves.
Next day Hz. Ali was called but he had sore eye, he previously used to have the
problem, but when Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ employed his blessed Silvia on his eyes he never
had this problem again in the rest of his life. Now Hz. Ali confronted Marhab, a
strong Jew, Hz. Ali killed him after which Jews surrendered. Jews were allowed to
live in Khyber in return they would had to give half of their production to
Muslims to be entitled to Muslim state's protection from outside aggression. Hz.
Safia was head of Banu Quraiza and Bani Nazir, she accepted Islam and Prophet
‫ﷺ‬ married her. Jews continued to live in the oasis for several more years until
they were expelled by Caliph Hz. Umar. Non-Muslim citizens were permitted to
practice their faith.

38. Letters in 7AH, 629
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ decided to write to neighboring kings, including those of the two
superpowers, summoning them to Islam.
Heraclius or Caesar Emperor of Byzantine (Eastern Roman Empire), ruled over
Rom, Constantine today’s Istanbul, Syria or Sham, Arabian
Peninsula or Saudia.
Chosroes II/ Kisra or Khusro
Parvez
(Persian Empire or Sassanid Empire), He ruled Persia (Faras or
Iran).
Negus or Najashi King of Abyssinia or Habsha or today’s Ethiopia.
Muqawqis Ruler of Egypt.
Harith Gassani Governor of Syria.
al-Mundhir bin Sawa Ruler of Bahrain, who became Muslim on invitation.

39. Invitation letter to Caesar(Hiracle)
• When Caesar (Hiracle) received letter he wanted to know about Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ Abu
Sufyan was in Syria for the sake of trade. So Hiracle called him & inquired him
everything about Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Harqal after reading the letter, summoned his chief
scholar, whose name was Askaf, who examined the epistle, and declared that its
author was Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ of whom Esa had announced the glad news. Askaf
accepted Islam on which he was killed by Hiracle.
• Harqal sent Ghassani’s man to the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to inquire about him. On his return, he
reported about Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ & seal between his shoulders. Harqal replied: “He is the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ predicted by Esa.” Then he told him to go and tell the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ that he
should come and share his ruler-ship as he cannot leave his kingdom.
• During the caliphate of Othman, Caesar, lost control of countries in Sham and
Arabian Peninsula. His dominion was then limited to the countries of Rome.

40. Invitation Letters to Makokas, Harith
& Najashi
• Letter sent to Makokas king of Misr (Egypt). He honored the letter as he
received it, kissed it, and wrote in reply, that he had known that another Prophet
was to appear, and that he respected the claims of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ , he sent four
girls to prophet, one of whom was Hz. Mariya.
• He likewise sent a donkey named Afeer or Yafur. Maquqas did not became a
Muslim. Yet the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ accepted his presents.
• Harith bin Shimr Ghasani, to whom the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ addressed a letter did not
believe, and his power soon passed away and he died in the year of the conquest
of Mecca.
• Najashi king of Habash, the king honored the letter, kissed it, and raised it to his
eyes. He became a Muslim.

41. Kisra Reaction on Receiving the Letter
• Khusraw Parvez or Kisra tore Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬s letter, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ then invoked Allah to
destroy his kingdom. The Sassanid Empire was to utterly dissolve almost
immediately, first through the defeat by the Romans and then by the onslaught
of the new Muslim nation. The Byzantine Empire, too, while still under
Heraclius, dissolved in Egypt, Palestine and Syria. However, unlike the Sassanid
Empire, the Byzantine Empire continued on in various forms for another 800
years until Constantinople finally fell, and this may be because of the contrast in
the way each of the letters was received.
• Kisra then sent an order to Bazan, his governor in Yemen, to seize Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬
Bazan sent 2 of his men to arrest Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ . Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ told them that Kisra
who has sent you is killed by his own son. They got surprised by the news they
went to Bazan & told him about it, after some days Bazan found this news true
consequently he became Muslim.

42. End of Kisra
• An angel appeared three successive years to Kisra, with a staff, saying, “Become
a Muslim or I will break this.” Kisra replied: “Wait for some-time.” Then he
summoned his guard and scolded them for having allowed that man to enter his
bedroom. Next year the angel came to him again and he again told him to wait
for some-time. The third time the angel broke the staff and that night Kisra was
slain by his son.
• Messenger sent to Byzantine governor of Busra was killed and in its
consequence Ghazwa Mota took place.

43. Muslims Performed Umrah
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ ordered to perform Uma-rah (Shorter Pilgrimage), 2000 Muslims
performed Umrah Allah ordered Muslims to walk arrogantly (Ramal) while
circulating the Kaaba to put a strong impression on pagans.

44. Ghazwa Muta in 8AH, 629 AD
(1st encounter with Romans)
• For retribution of the killed messenger sent to Busra. Ghazwa Muta led to Ghuzwa
Tabuk and this in turn, to the conquest of Sham which took place shortly after
Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬s death.
• 3000 Muslims dispatched for Muta. When the Muslim troops arrived they learned
the size of the Byzantine army (100,000), they wanted to wait for reinforcements
from Medina. But Abdullah ibn Rawah said we have come with the desire of
martyrdom so they continued marching towards enemy. During the battle, all three
Muslim leaders fell one after the other as they took command of the force: first, Zayd
ibn Haritha, then Jafar ibn Abi Talib, then Abdullah ibn Rawahah. At last Khalid ibn Al-
Walid took command he reported that the fighting was so intense that he used nine
swords which broke in the battle. Hz. Khalid, seeing that the situation was hopeless,
so he prepared to withdraw. Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said that they would attack again and gave
Hz. Khalid title of Saif-ullah.

45. Conquest of Makah in 8AH, 630 AD
• After 1 year & 8 months of Pact of Hudaibia, in end of 8th AH, Banu Bkr attacked
Banu Khaza (ally of Muslims) breaking the covenant, therefore in 8 AH Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
with 10,000 Sahabas travelled to Makah, Quraish were unwilling to fight.
Muslims entered Makah, the people who had abused him, laid thorn on the
streets where he used to walk and made his feet bleed, placed the intestines and
filth of animals on him, who tried to kill him were now trembling.
• Prophet said do you know what I am going to do with you today. They called out,
you are our respected brother and the son of our esteemed brother. He
answered today I will tell what Yousuf said to his brothers, today there is no
revenge all of you are free. They were not compelled to accept Islam rather they
did so of their own accord.
• Amnesty was given to Quraish who left no chance to persecute Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ &
Muslims. All the idols were demolished, many neighboring tribes accepted Islam.
Abu Sufyan & many other non-believers accepted Islam.

46. Battle of Hunain in 8 AH, 630 AD
• Hawazins were allied with the Thaqifs of Ta’if. The alliance had engaged in several wars
probably concerning trade routes between Ta'if and Mecca. Given this history they
saw Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ as another powerful Quraishi leader. They thought among
themselves that a war with Muslims was imminent and that they once persecuted
minority of Muslims. "They thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender
to such a victory". They also convinced neighboring tribes to fight with Muslims.
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ uncovered that pagans are planning to besiege Mecca, so 10,000 of
Muslims from medina & 2,000 of Quraish who had recently accepted Islam, marched
toward Hunain. Enemy had known about Muslims departure so they hid inside the
valley lurking for the Muslims. Near the sunset Muslims arrived at the valley & arrows
began showering intensely at them. Muslims fought back & changed near-defeat into
victory. 6,000 prisoners were taken prisoners and 24,000 camels were captured. Some
Bedouins fled, and split into two groups.

47. Following Back Escapees : Battle of Hunain
• One group went back, resulting in the Battle of Autas right after Hunain, in which
Muslims won, while the larger group found refuge at al-Ta'if, where
Muhammad‫ﷺ‬ besieged them. The siege continued for half a month but Taif was
not being conquered. So siege was uplifted. Only 20 men from Taif including
Malik (leader) accepted Islam on invitation.
• Banu Tameem was forcing people not to give Juzia (tax on non-Muslims)
consequently Muslims captured them after which they accepted Islam.

48. Ghuzwa Tabook in 8AH, 630 AD
• The Muslim power was expanding and due to this Caesar felt threat to his empire. He
decided to attack the Muslims and made a secret plan. They gathered an army of 4000 men
and they camped at the fort of tabuk. When the news reached to the Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ he ordered
the Muslims to get ready to fight & ordered to gather wealth for war.
• Hz. Umar said to himself, “I will surpass Abu Bakr today.” He brought half of his property to
the Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Hz. Abu Bakr brought all of his property. Upon this sacrifice, Hz. Umar
started to cry and said, I have now realized that I will never be able to surpass you.
• When Hz. Usman heard the call of the Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ he gave up sending the caravan to
Damascus and gave the three hundred camels with the goods on them to Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ He
also gave fifty horses and one thousand coins of gold.
• Abdul Rahman b. Awf gave four thousand dirhams.
• Abu Aqil said, I carried water all night in return for two sa’s of dates. I left one sa’ for my
family and brought one sa’ to you”.
• Women without hesitation gave all of their jewelries.

49. Hypocrites Discouraging Muslims
• Seven Muslims went to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and said we want to join the expedition but
we have no camels to ride on and no food, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ had no spare camel to give
them. Allah revealed verse that there is no blame on them. Then some
companions arranged camels for those 7 people.
• Hypocrites: It was the time when the fruits in the orchards ripened, when
people desired to sit in the shade of the trees to be protected from the scorching
sun.
• On the call of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ 30,000 Muslims gathered. Hypocrites started to
discourage the Muslim army by telling that the enemies are in a very large
number & by telling them about the hot climate. Then Allah revealed "The fire of
Hell is fiercer in heat."
• Many hypocrites asked the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ to be exempted from the war through
various excuses. Thereupon, the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ gave permission to more than eighty
hypocrites. Along with some hypocrites, unfortunately three sincere Muslims
stayed behind.

50. Arrival at Samood
• Hz. Ali was left at Medina because the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ knew that the hypocrites will
cause some disturbance. The hypocrites started a rumor that the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ is
angry with Ali, so Hz. Ali went to Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said to him, Hypocrites
told lies. I appointed you as my deputy for the people I left behind, just like Hz.
Musa left Hz. Haroon when he went to Mount Toor.
• When Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ arrived at Samood (tribe of Hz. Saleh), he said, “Enter the
houses of the people who were incurred by the wrath of God by crying and
fearing that you could be incurred by wrath.” Muslims drew water from the well
of Hijr and kneaded dough with it. Thereupon, the Messenger of God said, “Do
not drink the water of that well; do not make ablution from it. Give the dough
that you kneaded to the camels. Do not eat it.”

51. Hypocrite’s Criticism
• Thirst & Hypocrites: Hz. Umar said “We were so thirsty that we thought our necks
would break due to thirst. We looked for water among our things but could not find
any and knelt down there. One of us slaughtered his camel and drank the water in
its hump.”
• Some of the hypocrites who were among Muslims used it as an opportunity to start
a rumor: “If Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ were a real Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ he would ask God for rain and
make it rain. Thereupon, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ prayed. Before he finished his prayer, it got
dark. First, it started to drizzle; then, it poured down. Then Muslims filled their
water containers.
• Qaswa, the camel of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ got lost. Again hypocrites said, “It is something
to wonder. Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ says he is a Prophet ‫;ﷺ‬ he gives news from the sky but
does not know where his camel is.” When Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was reported, he said, “God
has told me that Qaswa is in the valley between this and that mountain; its halter is
stuck in a tree. Go and bring it back to me at once.”

52. Returning back to Medina
• The enemies had already retreated when they heard about the army of the
Muslims, so Muslims decided to return to medina. But the journey was not
wasted as while coming back the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ managed to convert a large number
of surroundings to Muslims. And those who did not accepted Islam agreed to
pay the tax to the Muslims and in turn the Muslims will provide them protection.
• There was lack of food so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ prayed to Allah to increase the food. Then,
he said to his Companions, “Fill your plates.” Everybody filled their plates; no
plate was empty. They ate the food on the cloth until they became full. Then,
they saw that the same amount of food was still present on the cloth.
• While approaching Medina, the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said, “There is Mount Uhud. It loves
us and we love it.”
• On return Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ demolished Masjid e Zarar (built by hypocrites), and
restrained to offer funereal of hypocrites.

53. Some Muslims also left Behind
• Those who left behind: Ka’b b. Malik, was one of those three people who left
behind. He had joined all of the battles except Badr. He said “Every day I went
out to get myself ready for war, but I return having done nothing.” When Prophet
‫ﷺ‬ returned, He said to me, 'What stopped you from joining us. Had you not
taken part in the Pledge of Aqaba?’
• Ka’ab said that “I promised to help Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ at any rate. I will not tell lie, but I
tell you the truth, though you will get angry, but I hope for God's Forgiveness.
Really, by God, there was no excuse for me. By God, I had never been stronger or
wealthier than I was when I remained behind you.”

54. Their Test & Forgiveness from Allah
• Test: The other two Companions spoke like Ka’b. The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ told them to go &
forbade all the Muslims to talk to those three Muslims until God sent His verdict to
him. Ka’b, saw that nobody wanted to talk to him, he went to Abu Qatada, his cousin,
and greeted him. Abu Qatada did not reply his greeting. This shows the love & loyalty
of the Companions to the Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Ka’b received a letter from, the Christian ruler
who offered them to join him. He considered it to be another test and tore the letter.
After 40 days another prohibition came, “Do not approach your wives.”
• Forgiveness: After 50 days, Allah forgave those three Companions. Ka’b entered the
mosque, the face of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was bright with joy. Ka’b said, “O Prophet ‫!ﷺ‬ Is this
forgiveness from you or from God?' Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said, “It is directly from God.” Ka’b,
became very happy & gave a lot of wealth in path of Allah.

55. Prophet Sent Maaz bin Jabal to Yemen
• Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ sent Maaz b. Jabal to Yemen. Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ asked him 'how he would
judge (decide cases). He said, “I will judge in accordance with Allah's Book (the
Qur’an).” He asked, “What, if it is not found in the Book of Allah?” He said, “Then
according to the sunnah of Allah’s Messenger. He asked, “And if it is not in the
sunnah of Allah’s Messenger?” He said, “I will make Ijtihad through my
judgment.” The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ - said, “Praise belongs to Allah Who has made the
messenger of the Messenger of Allah consistent with what pleases him.” (Ahmed
22161, Abu Dawud 3592, Tirmidhi 1332)

56. Event of Mubahala
• A delegation of Najrani Christians, led by two prominent men and Archbishop, along
with two prominent Jews, came to the Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ They intended to argue with the
prophet.
• The archbishop asked: “Who was Musa’s father?” The prophet answered: “Imran.”
• The archbishop then said:” Who was Yusuf’s father?” The prophet answered:
“Yaqoob.”
• The archbishop continued: “who is your father?” The prophet answered:” Abdullah
Ibn Abd al Muttalib.”
• Then the archbishop asked” Who is Isa’s father? Prophet said” he was the spirit of
Allah and His word.”
• The archbishop then asked:” Can he be a spirit without having a body? Prophet said:
“The similitude of Isa before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then
said to him: Be.’ And he was.”
• When the archbishop objected. This was the moment that the verse of Mubahala
was revealed… it said “ If they still dispute in this matter after truth has come to
them, ask them to bring their family & let us invoke the curse of God on those who
lie.”

57. Archbishop retreated from Mubahla
• The next morning, prophet took Hz. Ali, Hz. Fatima, Hz. Imam Hassan & Hz. Imam
Hussain. The prophet then told them: “When I supplicate you should say: Amen.”
• Archbishop said to their people ”I offer you one word of advice, If today, we
Christians are able to bring about affliction upon Muhammad, then do not hold us
to retribution, for it is only what he himself requested us to do. They saw Hz. Ali
arriving who had conquered Khyber. They said our assumptions have proved to be
wrong, Muhammad didn’t come with his soldiers, I can feel the awe and exalted
position they possess. He has come with his own family and dear ones. If
Mohammad was not truthful he would have taken them and fled to a far and
remote place. If he raised his hands in supplication even the sturdiest of
mountains will tremble! If these people curse, not a trace will be left of Najran or
its people! Hurry O Aqeb, run over and tell him not to invoke eternal damnation
upon us! Plead with him not to damn us! Please wait O Muhammad, Please don’t
not curse us!

58. Prophet’s Last Sermon-Farewell Pilgrimage
-10th AH, 632 AD:
• I know not whether after this year I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore,
listen carefully to what I am saying and Take These Words to Those Who Could
Not Be Present Here Today.
• Regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Hurt no one so
that no one may hurt you.
• Allah has forbidden you to take usury.
• Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived.
• Satan has lost all hope of that he will be able to lead you astray in big things, so
beware of following him in small things.
• You have certain rights with regard to your women but they also have rights over
you. Do treat your women well and be kind to them.
• Worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during month of Ramadan, and
give your wealth in Zakat (obligatory charity). Perform Hajj if you can afford to.

59. Prophet Last Sermon’s Summary
• An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab & vice versa; also a white has no superiority over
black & vice versa except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to
every Muslim.
• Do not therefore do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and
answer your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
• No Prophet or Apostle Will Come after Me and No New Faith Will Be Born. I leave behind me
two things, the QUR’AN and my SUNNAH (i.e., sayings, deeds, and approvals) and if you
follow these you will never go astray.
• Be my witness O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people.“
• As part of this sermon, the Prophet recited them a Revelation from Allah which he had just
received and which completed the Qur’an, for it was the last passage to be revealed:
• This day the disbelievers despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them not, but fear
Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you your religion and fulfilled My favor unto you,
and it hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam for you as your religion (Surah 5, Ayah 3).

60. Usama bin Zaid Expedition to Syria
• Prestige of Islam had been destroyed at the battle of Mootah, as many Muslims
were martyred in that battle and time had come to restore it, just after farewell
pilgrimage. To command the expedition to Syria, Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ chose Hz. Usama b.
Zaid, a youth of 18, the son of Zayd bin Haritha, the martyr of Mootah. Some
people were displeased as they though Hz. Usama to be unexperienced, young &
son of a slave. Then Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said “By God, Hz. Usama is qualified to be your
general.”
• Those who took part in the expedition under the command of Hz. Usama
returned to their headquarters and made preparations. However, the illness of
the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ got worse that evening. Hz. Usama visited the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ again.
The Messenger of Allah was ill and a bit unconscious. Hz. Usama bowed in tears
and kissed the hands of the Messenger of Allah. Next morning, The Messenger
of Allah was better. He prayed for Usamah, saying, May Allah help you! Hz.
Usama said, "Farewell" to the Messenger of Allah and left. When his army
stopped in a place called Jurf, a messenger arrived and told them that the
Messenger of Allah had died. The army returned to Madinah and took part in the
funeral of the Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬

61. Hint towards the Caliphate of Hz. Abu Bakr
• During Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ life Hz. Abu bakr Sidique lead in 17 prayers this was the hint
that Abu Bakr will be appointed as caliph after Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬s death. Hz. Abu Bakr
said, "How can I dismiss a person whom the Messenger of Allah appointed as a
commander? I swear by Allah that I would not stop an army that the Messenger
of Allah established from going on an expedition even if I knew that tigers would
savage me. Hz. Usama walked against the enemy leading his army. Roman army
of Syria was unaware when Muslims attacked them so Muslims easily defeated
the enemy. A large group of people welcomed Hz. Usman with enthusiasm and
excitement.
• Uncles: Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ had 11 uncle among which Hz.Hamza and Hz.Abbas accepted
Islam.

62. Wives of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ (Mothers of Believers)
1. First wife Hz. Khadija was rich, as Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was truthful so she sent him to
trade for her. Seeing his honesty she sent proposal to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ and got
married. She helped Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ a lot. Due to devastating boycott of Sheeb Abi
Talib she grew weak and died in 10th Nabvi. During her life Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ didn’t
married any other woman.
2. After the death of Hz. Khadija Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ remained depressed, so someone
asked him to marry Sawda who was a widow.
3. 3rd wife of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ was Aisha Siddiqa b. Abu Bkr, she remained only 9 year
with Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ at the time of death of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ her age was 18. Hz. Jibreel
Showed Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ picture of Hz. Ayesha and told that she would be her wife
here and in the Janah too. When she was 6 year young her marriage took place
while she went to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ at the age of 9. Usually there was no food for 3
days at her home, after Khyber yearly expenditure was set for holy wives of
prophet. She use to do all the work of house by herself. Hypocrite alleged her
character when her locket lost, then Allah revealed Surah Noor for Hz. Ayesha.
4. In 2 AH prophet married Syeda Hafsa, her husband had died in Badr, as Hz.
Umar was anxious about her daughter so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married her to support her.

63. Wives of Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ (Mothers of Believers)
1. Syeda Zainab b. Khuzaima’s husband had been martyred in Uhad so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
married her, after 3 months of marriage she died.
2. Hz.Ume Salma’s husband Abu Salma martyred in Uhad, so Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married
her.
3. Zainab b. Jahash, was daughter of his aunt, before this she was married to Zaid
b. Haris. In Arab it was considered wrong to marry wife of adopted son. So
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married her to put an end to this tradition in 3 AH.
4. Hz. Javeria b. Haris who was daughter of leader of Mustalik clan, she was made
captive, she was set free and Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married her, she was 20 at the time.
Her father came to take her but she denied later her father also became
Muslim.
5. Hz.Ume Habiba was daughter of Abu Sufyan, but her husband became Christian
and died, later Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ married her, at that time Abu Sufyan was not Muslim.
6. Prophet married Hz. Safiaya whose father was leader of Banu Nazir.
7. Prophet married Syeda Mamona who was aunt of Khalid b. Walid.
8. Prophet married Maria Qibtiya who was daughter of Muquqas (Egypt’s ruler).

64. Children of Prophet
1. Children: Hz.Qasim, Hz.Ibrahim, Hz.Zainab, Hz.Ruqaya, Hz.Ume kalsoom,
Hz.Fatima r.a.
2. Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬sall children are from Hz. Khadija except Hz. Ibrahim who were from
Hz. Maria. All of his sons died in childhood, while all of her daughters accepted
Islam and all died in his life except Hz. Fatimah.
3. Hz.Qasim was his eldest son born before 11 years of prophet-hood. He
remained alive for 2 years.
4. Hz. Ibrahim was born from Hz. Maria Qibtiya. He died at the age of 18 months.
5. After 5 years of marriage with Syeda Khadija, Hz. Zainab was born. She was
married to son (Abul A’as) of her mother’s sister. Abul A’as was not Muslim at
the time of Badr so he was captured in Badr, for his freedom Hz. Zainab sent her
necklace to Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ but he returned it and liberated her husband, later he
became Muslim. Her children were Ali & Umama. Ali died in childhood. After
the death of Hz. Faitma, Hz. Zainab was married to Hz. Ali. After death of Hz. Ali,
Zainab was married to Mughaira bin Nofil.

65. Prior to the Birth of Prophet
1. After 3 years of Zainab, Hz. Ruqia was born. She was married to Utba b. Abu
Lahab. Due to Islam enmity he forced his son to divorce her. Later she was
married to Hz. Usman they were blessed with Abdullah. Hz. Usman was not
allowed to participate battle of Badr as Hz. Ruqaya was ill. When Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
returned from Badr she was already buried. She died at the age of 21. Later Hz.
Usman married to Prophet ‫’ﷺ‬sanother daughter Hz. Ume Kalsoom. Therefore
he is called Zunurain.
2. Hz. Fatima was the only daughter alive when Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ died. Hz. Ali was 21
while Fatimah was 16 when they got married. When some slaves came she
asked for a slave from Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ but Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ denied on this occasion prophet
told her to recited Tasbeehe-Fatima to get relief. Hz. Ali wanted to marry
daughter of Abu Jahal but then Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ restrained him to do so. When
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ told her that he is leaving this world she started crying but when he
told her that she will be the first to meet him hearing this she got pleased,
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ told her that she will be the queen of paradise.
3. Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said"The four best women are: Mariam Bint `Imran, 'Asiya Bint
Muzahim - the wife of Fir'awn, Khadija Bint Khuwailid and Fatima Bint
Muhammad ‫".ﷺ‬