Hungary was introduced to Christianity in 1000 CE under King Stephen I. It served as a bulwark against Ottoman expansion for centuries before falling under Ottoman rule from 1541-1699 CE. In the 20th century, Hungary saw periods of monarchy, communism, and transitioned to a parliamentary republic in 1989. Today Hungary is a member of NATO and the EU.

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HUNGARY

2.  In 1000, Stephen I (I. Szent István) introduced Christianity to Hungary
upon becoming king; his reign lasted until his death in 1038.
 For many centuries, the first Kingdom of Hungary served as a
safeguard against Ottoman Turkish expansion and a center of Western
civilization.
 Hungary was under Ottoman rule from 1541 until 1699.
 In 1867, almost two decades after the unsuccessful anti-Habsburg
revolution, Hungary became part of the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian
Empire, which dissolved at the end of World War I; a short-lived
Hungarian People’s Republic followed in 1918, itself followed by a
short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
 Following the end of World War II, Hungary fell under communist
rule.
HUNGARY: BACKGROUND

3.  In 1956, an uprising and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
were met with an immense military intervention by the Soviet Union.
 In 1968, under the rule of János Kádár, Hungary started liberalizing its
economy with a system of communism independent from the Soviet Union,
called Goulash Communism (gulyáskommunizmus).
 In the summer of 1989, Hungary captured international attention when the
provisional government of Miklós Németh opened the border with Austria,
allowing East Germans vacationing in Hungary to freely cross the border.
 On October 23 of that year – three-three years to the day that the anti-
communist revolution broke out – the Third Republic of Hungary was
declared.
 In the spring of 1990, Hungary held its first free elections since 1945 and
began the transition to a free market economy.
 It joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004; it is also a member
of the Visegrád Group, together with the Czech Republic, Poland, and
Slovakia.
HUNGARY: BACKGROUND – CONT.

4.  972-1490: Árpád dynasty
 1490-1526: Decline of Hungary
 1526-1699: Ottoman wars and Turkish occupation
 1703-1711: War with the Habsburg Empire
 1825-1848: Reform Period
 1867-1918: Austro-Hungarian Empire
 1918-1919: Hungarian People’s Republic
 1919: Hungarian Soviet Republic
 1920-1946: Kingdom of Hungary
 1946-1949: Second Hungarian Republic
 1949-1989: People’s Republic of Hungary
 1989-present: Third Republic of Hungary
HUNGARY: POLITICAL HISTORY IN BRIEF

5.  Location: Central Europe, west of Romania
 Geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 20 00 E
 Area:
 Total: 93,028 sq km
 Land: 89,608 sq km
 Water: 3,420 sq km
 Country comparison to the world: 111
 Area – comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia; about the
same size as Indiana
 Land boundaries:
 Total: 2,106 km
 Border countries (7): Austria 321 km, Croatia 348 km, Romania
424 km, Serbia 164 km, Slovakia 627 km, Slovenia 94 km, Ukraine
128 km
HUNGARY: GEOGRAPHY

6. HUNGARY: POLITICAL MAP

7.  Population: 9,850,845 (July 2017 est.)
 Country comparison to the world: 92
 Nationality:
 Noun: Hungarian(s)
 Adjective: Hungarian
 Ethnic groups: Hungarian 85.6%, Romani 3.2%, German 1.9%, other
2.6%, unspecified 14.1% (2011 est.) – percentages add up to more than
100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic
group; Romani populations are usually underreported in official
statistics and may make up 5–10% of Hungary's population
 Languages: Hungarian (official) 99.6%, English 16%, German 11.2%,
Russian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, French 1.2%, other 4.2%; shares sum to
more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer
on the census; Hungarian is the first language of 98.9% of Hungarian
speakers (2011 est.)
HUNGARY: PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

8. HUNGARY: ETYMOLOGY
 The Byzantine Greeks referred to
the peoples that arrived on the
plains of Eastern Europe from Asia
in the late ninth century (right) as
the "Oungroi," a name that was
later Latinized to "Ungri" and
which became "Hungari"; the name
originally meant an "[alliance of]
ten tribes"; the Hungarian name
Magyarország means "Country of
the Magyars"; the term may
originate from the most renowned
of the Hungarian tribes, the
Megyer.

9. HUNGARY: PHYSICAL MAP

10.  Religion: Roman Catholic 37.2%, Calvinist 11.6%, Lutheran
2.2%, Greek Catholic 1.8%, other 1.9%, none 18.2%,
unspecified 27.2% (2011 est.)
 Largest cities (over 100,000):
 Budapest (2,545,175)
 Debrecen (216,888)
 Szeged (195,776)
 Miskolc (190,675)
 Pécs (178,332)
 Győr (185,012)
 Nyíregyháza (152,304)
 Kecskemét (145,663)
HUNGARY: PEOPLE AND SOCIETY – CONT.

11. HUNGARY: CHURCHES
 Church name: Church of Saint
Anne (Szent Anna Templom)
 Location: Batthyány Square
(Batthyány tér), Budapest
 Denomination: Roman
Catholic

12. HUNGARY: CHURCHES – CONT.
 Church name: St. Stephen’s
Basilica (Szent István-bazilika)
 Location: Lipótváros, Budapest
 Denomination: Roman
Catholic

13. HUNGARY: CHURCHES – CONT.
 Church name: Pócsmegyer
Reformed Church (Pócsmegyer
Református templom)
 Location: Pócsmegyer
 Denomination: Calvinist

14. TAMÁS KOVÁCH, PASTOR OF THE
PÓCSMEGYER REFORMED CHURCH

15. HUNGARY: CHURCHES – CONT.
 Church name: Great Reformed
Church in Debrecen (Debreceni
Nagytemplom)
 Location: Debrecen
 Denomination: Calvinist

16. HUNGARY: CHURCHES – CONT.
 Church name: Lutheran Church
of Kőbánya (Kőbányai evangélikus
templom)
 Location: Kőbánya, Budapest
 Denomination: Lutheran

17. TAMÁS FABINY, PASTOR OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF
KŐBÁNYA AND HUNGARY’S HIGHEST-RANKING LUTHERAN
BISHOP

18. HUNGARY: CHURCHES – CONT.
 Church name: Small Lutheran
Church (Evangélikus
Kistemplom)
 Location: Békéscsaba
 Denomination: Lutheran

19. DOHÁNY STREET SYNAGOGUE (DOHÁNY
UTCAI ZSINAGÓGA)

20. HUNGARY: GOVERNMENT
 Local name: Magyarország (literally
“Land of the Hungarians”)
 Capital: Budapest
 Form of government:
Parliamentary republic
 President: János Áder
 Prime Minister: Viktor Orbán
 Speaker of the National Assembly:
László Kövér
 Foreign Minister: Péter Szijjártó
 Legislature: Országgyűlés (National
Assembly)

21.  Administrative divisions: nineteen counties (megyek, singular form is megye),
twenty-three cities with county rights (megyei jogu városok, singular form is
megyei jogu város), and one capital city (főváros)
 Independence: 16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier
dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional
founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy
established)
 National Holiday: Saint Stephen's Day (Szent István ünnepe), 20 August
(1083); observes his canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda
(now Budapest) in 1083
 Constitution: Previous in 1949 (significantly amended in 1989 after the end
of communism); most recent amendment approved 18 April 2011, signed 25
April 2011, effective 1 January 2012
 Citizenship: No citizenship by birth; at least one parent has to be a citizen of
Hungary; dual citizenship is recognized; eight year-residency is required for
naturalization
 Suffrage: eighteen years of age (sixteen if in a registered marriage); universal
HUNGARY: GOVERNMENT – CONT.

22. HUNGARY: COUNTIES MAP

23.  International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI,
CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,
ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),
OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC,
UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO,
UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
 Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green;
the flag dates to the national movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with
the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues
to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope;
alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the
land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so
much of the country
 National symbol(s): Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen);
national colors: red, white, green
 National Anthem: “Himnusz” (“Hymn”); adopted in 1844
HUNGARY: GOVERNMENT – CONT.

24. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF HUNGARY
(MAGYARORSZÁG ALKOTMÁNYBÍRÓSÁGA)

25. OLD VILLAGE IN THE KÁLI BASIN IN THE NORTH OF
TRANSDANUBIA, WESTERN HUNGARY

26. KÉKES, NORTHERN HUNGARY

27. VISEGRÁD

28. PÉCS

29.  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/hu.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_of_H
ungary (slide 10)
SOURCES