3. Definition
Mental Retardation Intellectual disability (intellectual
developmental disorder) replaces the term mental retardation
(MR) as intention of decreasing stigmatization. Intellectual
disability (ID) is characterized by impaired cognitive and
adaptive/social functioning. Severity level is currently based
on adaptive functioning, indicating the degree of support
required.
4. The Classical definition comprises
3 components :
1- subaverage intellectual function .
2- that result from an injury , disease or
abnormality before the age of 18 years .
3- resulting in impaired ability to adapt to the
environment .
6. DSM-5 MR Classification
A single IQ score does not adequately capture this and is no longer used solely to
determine ID severity.is the condition of having an IQ measured as below 70 to 75 and
significant delays or lacks in at least two areas of adaptive skills.
IQ classification:
I.Q.(intelligence quotient) is 100; normal ranges from 90 to 110
1-Border line { IQ 70-80 }
2-mild MR { IQ 55-70 }
3-moderate MR{ IQ 40-55 }
4-sever MR { IQ 25-40 }
5-profound MR { IQ below 25 }
11. History
»complete and detailed history«
complete systemic review
surgical history : trauma , accidents
medical illnesses : hospitalization , general heath
pregnancy history : maternal age , parity , infections..
birth : type , wt . GA ,complications , apgar score
Postnatal : incubator , ventilator , disease ..
12. History (cont.)
drugs: mother and child
developmental Hx : mile stones , loss it , speech
educational Hx : schooling , IQ tests
behavioral Hx : skills , attention , activity
family Hx : consanguinity , inherited ds ..
social Hx :
13. Examination
»complete and detailed examination«
• Growth parameters :
• Dysmorphic features :
• CNS examination :
• Other system and skin exam :
• IQ tests :
• Developmental testing :
14. Diagnosis
• Deficits in intellectual functioning, such
as reasoning, problem solving, planning,
abstract thinking, judgment, and learning.
• Deficits in adaptive functioning, such as
communication, social participation, and
independent living.
15. Prevention of MR
Primary prevention:
Public education about need for prenatal care, dangerous of
pregnant women drinking alcohol………
Secondary prevention:
Treatment, as in special diet for PKU children
Hypothyroidism: neonatal screening is relatively easy to make and the
treatment which is pure replacement therapy by the administration of oral
thyroxine, is both inexpensive and completely effective
Tertiary prevention
School and community based educational, vocational and
skills training programs
16. THANK YOU
And finally
Hesham Shaban Elbaz Hend Gamal Mokhtar
Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed Naira Salah Gamal
Our participants