INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY#KEY POINTS OF MENTAL RETARDATION

1. MENTAL
RETARDATION
BY
NEHA SUNDRIYAL
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

2. INTRODUCTION
 Mental retardation refers to significantly subaverage
general intellectual functioning resulting in or
associate with concurrent impairments in adaptive
behaviour & manifested during the developmental
period
( American Association on Mental
Deficiency,1983)

3. ETIOLOGY
 Genetic abnormalities
 Metabolic disorder
 Cranial malformation- hydrocephaly, microcephaly
 PRENATAL FACTORS-Infections ,endocrine
disorders , physical damage
(injury,radiation,hypertension,anemia)
 Placental dysfunction
 Perinatal factors
 Postnatal factors
 Environmental &sociocultural factors

4. CLASSIFICAION OF MENTAL
RETARDATION

5. 1.MILD RETARDATION (IQ 50-70)
 Its accounting for 85-90% of all cases. These
individual have minimum retardation in sensor-
motor system.
 The child can learn and use social skills .
 The child can perform daily life activities under
guidance.

6. 2.MODERATE RETARDATION(IQ 35-50)
 About 10% of mentally retarded come under this
group.
 The child can achieve skills up to second class.
 The child may have difficulty with gross motor skills
and may have limited vocational opportunities.
 The child has certain speech limitations.

7. 3.SEVERE RETARDATION(IQ 20-35)
 Severe mental retardation is often recognized early
in life with poor motor development and absent or
markedly delayed speech and communication skills.
 May learn a few simple skills.
 The child has poor psychomotor skills.
 The requires complete supervision .

8. 4.PROFOUND RETARDATION (IQ BELOW 20)
 This group accounts for 1-2% of all mentally
retarded. The achievement of developmental
milestones is markedly delayed. They require
constant nursing care & supervision .
 The child has little speech development and lacks
social skills.

9. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

11. DIAGNOSIS
 History collection from parents and caretakers
 Physical examination
 Neurological examination
 Assessing milestones development
 Blood and urine investigation
 Cultural & biochemical studies
 Chronic villi sampling
 Hearing and speech evaluation
 CT scan & MRI
 Thyroid function test

12. TREATMENT
 Behaviour management
 Environment supervision
 Programmes that maximize
speech,language,cognitive,psychomotor ,social, self-care,
and occupational skills
 Family therapy
 Vocational training
 Genetic counselling
 Immunization
 Close monitoring of mother & child immediately after
delivery

13. THANKYOU