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Caring About Our Environment Essay
Caring About Our Environment
Improving and maintaining the earth's environment is becoming a more important task every day of our lives. Due to ignorance and frequent
carelessness, this important task is quickly becoming a critical one. For this reason, I took it upon myself to construct a strategic plan to enlighten my
peers to the problems of our environment. I did this in hopes that it would encourage everyone to act responsibly towards improving and maintaining
the environment. With ongoing threats to the earth's water supply,atmosphere, and surface, I found it necessary to devise a method of environmental
enlightenment. I plan to apply this method at my place of academic study, The University. If supported by the faculty...show more content...
I recently discovered that one cheeseburger takes more than 700 gallons of water to produce (includes water consumed by cows, water used to irrigate
the cornfields that feed the cows, and the water used to produce the beef and cheese). When considering the millions of cheeseburgers that are
consumed worldwide everyday, it is evident that the earth's water supply is declining rapidly. Due to air pollution, theozone layer is also being
consumed at an extreme rate. Its arch nemesis is the various fumes from cars and factories. Scientists estimate that each 1% drop in ozone levels
causes a 3 to 6% rise in skin cancer cases. Since the ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet and other high–energy radiation from penetrating to the
earth's surface, this is a crisis that has to be rectified. The ozone's depletion has dropped to a level so thin that if we brought it down to Earth, it would
only be as deep as the thickness of three dimes. The only positive outlook concerning this matter is that the ozone has the ability to reconstruct itself
when UV–C rays break the bond of O2. Single oxygen atoms combine with O2 to form ozone (UV–B rays limit this process still yet). This evidence
shows that the world is in dire need of an environmental resurrection. In order for this to occur and be successful, it would require an effort by every
individual nation of our world.
My resolution requires that The University of South Carolina
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Environmental Problems: Air Pollution Essay
Introduction:
Air pollution is among the critical challenges facing modern societies and is one of the most pressing environing mental problems. Air pollution is
accountable for major harmful effects on human strength, animal survives, natural ecosystems and the man–made environment. It is also responsible
for climate change due to the improved greenhouse effect, acid rain, and the reduction of the ozone layer that inaugurate important global
environmental problems. Air pollution occurs both outdoors and indoors and is caused by human activities and natural mechanisms. Although air
quality degradation because of air pollution is a global problem that threatens humanity's wellbeing overall, it is largely associated with environmental
bias....show more content...
(Anastasia Dimitriou and Vasilia Christidou, 2011)
Indoor air pollution:
Indoor air pollution mentions to the amount of chemical, biological and physical pollutants in the air confidential a building. Indoor air pollution can
often be inferior to outdoor air pollution. There is a extensive range of indoor air pollutant causes in houses including building resources, hard–pressed
wood goods and equipment, dominant heating and cooling systems, several individual care or household cleaning products, painting colors, solvents,
heating or cooking applications (stoves, wood and gas burning fireplaces, gas fires), tobacco burn, office machineries and a diversity of other crops
used in daily events. (Anastasia Dimitriou and Vasilia Christidou, 2011)
In addition, outdoor pollutants are also found in indoor places, such as radon (a natural trace component of soil and ground). The main foundation of
indoor air pollution is household burning of coal or biomass for cooking and warming. It is projected that more than half of the world's population
trusts on animal dung, wood, crop waste, or coal to meet their most elementary energy needs. The main indoor pollutants that can almost be drawn in
any home are between others formaldehyde, asbestos,
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Essay about Environmental Issues
The topics of: Energy, agriculture, pollution and climate change, biodiversity, and random miscellaneous environmental incongruities bring up some
of the most crucial concerns of today's environmental issues. There is so much going on in today's world revolving around environmental concerns,
and the information in newspapers serve as a great informational tool to inform the economy of what is going on around them and possibly what they
can do to help. The environmental issues associated with the development and use of oil, gas, nuclear power, electricity, and wind/solar power fall
under the category of "Energy." Energy is one of the most important issues there are, as energy is what makes the world work and act...show more
content...
The most notable concerns with agriculture are undoubtedly the serious droughts that many countries have faced this year, the difficulties of
farmers, and the constant recalling of food products due to disease found within. The majority of the articles pertained to bad things that were
occurring in agriculture or the food production industry, which leads one to be pessimistic on the way food is being produced lately. The struggle of
farmers to gain more government funding has always been a concern, but the concern has elevated to a new level as droughts are affecting farmers'
crops and making it much harder for them to make a living with a smaller margin of food production. All the recent recalling of meat is just unheard
of, can you imagine how many people are getting sick from contaminated food, and they don't even know it? This arises a serious concern for the
public's health, and for all the wasted food that is recalled and then thrown out. Pollution and climate change are always something you need to
seriously consider when analyzing environmental issues. Pollution can be partially controlled while climate change cannot, which makes it hard to
handle when bad weather hits an area unexpectedly. Most of the articles relating to Pollution involved chemical spills, and mostly clean–air/water
agreements. Various chemical spills in Brockport, Britain, and other areas
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Environmental Science Essay
Environmental Fundamentals
Laura Jackson
Env/100
April 8, 2013
JOHN ENSWORTH
Environmental Fundamentals
Introduction
Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, furthermore, the way people interact with
their natural surroundings and use natural resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse, for
example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the following; the definition of environmental science, the
relationship between science and technology and how it affects environmental problems; the concept of environmental sustainability and why it should
be studied; how human...show more content...
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued with the idea of keeping
the environment as pristine as naturally possible based on ideal–seeking behavior (Wikipedia, 2010). What makes environmental sustainability so
important is that it demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely preserving the life support systems of the planet
(Wikipedia, 2010). Human consumption can only use the nature's resources at a rate that can be replenished naturally.
Human Values affecting Society
The most devastating environmental change of all is the loss of biodiversity. The rate of species extinction has remained at one species per million per
year, furthermore, the accelerating destruction of habitats throughout the world leads to projections of the loss of two–thirds of all species on earth by
the end of this century, and millions of years to recover from the Cretaceous period (mindfully.org, 2013). As individuals, we obtain our food, directly
or indirectly from plants, for example, plant our primary use of medicines. Biodiversity also determines the properties of communities and ecosystems,
which capture energy from the sun. The world is less resilient, more homogeneous, less interesting, and with fewer opportunities for our descendants
and ourselves: where the process reaches
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Environmental Issue in the Philippines
Conclusion : Environmental Issues in the Philippines The Philippines is prone to natural disasters, particularly typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, lying as it does astride the typhoon belt, in the active volcanic region known as the "Pacific Ring of Fire," and in
the geologically unstable region between the Pacific and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Philippines also suffers major human–caused environmental
degradation aggravated by a high annual population growth rate, including loss of agricultural lands,deforestation,soil erosion, air and water pollution,
improper disposal of solid and toxic wastes, loss of coral reefs, mismanagement and abuse of coastal resources, and overfishing....show more content...
Mismanagement of fisheries resources is estimated to cost US$ 420 million annually in lost revenues.At the root of the overfishing problem is weak
fisheries management, ineffective policies and poor enforcement of fishery laws.Philippine seas supply food for the whole country and livelihood for
millions of people. Fisheries are economically, culturally, socially and ecologically important to all Filipinos. These resources are in crisis as
evidenced by the declining fish catch, size and species composition around the country. The current condition of fisheries in the Philippines and
worldwide is bleak. Overfishing, illegal fishing and habitat destruction combined with increased demand for fish and population growth continue to
drive fisheries production into a deeper abyss. Seemingly impossible just 20 years ago, protein deficiency among fishing communities is now
increasing at an alarming rate
CORE PROBLEMS|CONTRIBUTING FACTORS|
В·Loss of marine biodiversity В·Declining fish stocks В·Loss of revenues and benefits from fisheries and coastal resources|Overfishing В·Illegal and
destructive fishing В·Coastal and habitat degradation В·Siltation and pollution В·Post–harvest losses В·Inefficient marketing|
В·Inequitable distribution of benefits from fisheries and coastal resource uses|Open access В·Inter– and intra–sectoral conflicts В·Low awareness and
participation in
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Social Issues And Environmental Issues
In today's world majority of the environmental issues we face are also social issues. These environmental issues becoming social issues when they
tend to impact a large number of individuals in society. Some well known examples of this would be climate change, global warming and
deforestation. These are clearly environmental issues but are also social issues because they all pose a threat to the environment of mankind. Some
environmental and social issues don't seem like they would be social issues looking at it from afar but if you take the time to analyze and break it
down you can see it does indeed have an impact on a large part of humans. For example, animal predator declines, this tends to happen in a lot of
smaller areas around the...show more content...
It also makes up for some of the states that can't plant crops or do as much farming due to their environment and/or landscape. Another positive is if
there is a loss of crops in other parts of the United States, Iowa could carry the weight of those lost crops but it can also be a negative because if Iowa is
one of those states that is experiencing the loss of crops then that is a big portion of the corn and soybeans being planted for that year. Another
negative would be only being able to farm for a certain part of the year because you only plant two crops which could lead to less jobs and a decrease
in the state of Iowa's economy. This is both an environmental and social issue because, it is about the environment and how crops can impact it but also
how it can impact humans.
In chapter 11 of Bell, I read about supplying water in a costa rican village. There was a small village in Costa Rica that had just put in a new water
supply dam. The dam was based on a small stream that went up into the mountains above the village and it was able to supply all of the houses on
that side of the valley with clean running water. Positives of this is that there is water that is easily accessible to all of them in that area of the valley,
they don't have to put their lives in danger by going into rivers and possible get attacked by predators or get a disease from bacteria that
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Speech on Environmental Issues Today Essay
Our Environment – how can you and I help save it?
Albert Einstein said "Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better." Our planet is in trouble! Pretty much everywhere you
look today you will hear or see something reminding you that our planet's health is failing. If our planet where a person it would be about time to buy
the burial plot and write out the last will and testament. Just a brief list of the things that is ailing her is – pollution, acid rain, climate change, the
destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats, the decline and extinction of thousands of species of animals and plants....and so on.
I think everyone in here can agree that all of these issues exist and that humans have caused them....show more content...
Much of our waste is made up of glass, metal, plastic and paper. Our natural resources such as trees, oil, coal and aluminum are used up in enormous
amounts to make these products and the resources will one day be completely used up. So in order to cut down on the energy used lets reuse.
What can you do?
* Sort out your trash. Organic matter (e.g. potato peelings, left over food, tea leaves etc.) can be put in to a compost heap in the garden and used as a
good, natural fertilizer for the plants.
*Aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers are often collected from our doorsteps, but other items such as plastic bottles, juice cartons and
cardboard may not be, in which case they can be taken to nearby recycling banks. You can find out where they are by just searching on line. * Use
recycled paper to help save trees. Chlorine bleach is usually used to make newspapers and this pollutes rivers. It's better to use unbleached,
recycled paper whenever you can. * Take your old clothes to charity shops. Some are sold, others are returned to textile mills for recycling. * Try to
avoid buying plastic. It's hard to recycle. One way to cut down on plastic is to refuse to use plastic bags offered by supermarkets and use cloth
re–useable shopping bags instead, or re–use plastic bags over and over again, until they wear out and then recycle them.
Pollution
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Global Environmental Issues Of The World
There are more than 7 billion people on Earth and counting presently, and roughly one in eight of us does not have enough to eat. The question "how
many people the Earth can contain and sustain" is a long–standing one that becomes more intense as the world 's population–and our use of natural
resources–keeps booming(1). It should be noted that there are 7 continents (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe, Australia and
Antarctica) and 196 countries without including sub–nations and unoccupied islands in the world. This is not shocking to people as the world
dynamics cannot be completely studied as population trends change from time to time due periodic occurrences. Population debates like this are why,
in 2011, National Geographic published a series called "7 Billion" on world population, its trends, implications, and future. After years of examining
global environmental issues such as climate change, energy, food supply, and freshwater, we thought the time was ripe for a deep discussion of people
and how we are related to all these other issues–issues that are getting increased attention today, amid the new population projections(1). Recent
researches show that the world population took billions of years to reach 7 billion and between 200 years rapidly increased 5 percent and increased to
7.4 billion(2).(2) In a famous 1798 essay, the Reverend Thomas Malthus proposed that human population would grow more rapidly than our ability to
grow food, and that
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Persuasive Essay On Environmental Issues
There are various controversial topics that influence our lives every day. Environmental issues as a whole have been pushed down and are rarely
publicized. The issue of deforestation is a huge environmental problem that I do not often hear about on the news or in my day to day life. Most of
what I know about the topic is from reading science textbooks. I understand what deforestation means, and I understand that it largely affects the world
today, and more specifically affectsclimate change, however I have never heard current news on this subject. Deforestation is the clearing away of a
large area of trees. I know that deforestation plays a role in the decrease of biodiversity and affects the climate and environment of the earth as a
whole. Three sources that could lead to more information about this topic include social media sites, a news outlet, and a scientific article. Social
media cites, such as Facebook, can influence our understanding of deforestation. As we are scrolling through our Facebook pages, the posts that we
see and read affect our understanding of a subject. I had to look up posts about deforestation on Facebook because no one I know posts about this
topic, and hardly anyone seems to care about this subject in America. There were a few posts from the Facebook pages of news sources, like CNN,
and a few environmental groups such as the Environmental Defense Fund with posts, but not many everyday people. One person had a post about how
carbon dioxide is
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Salton Sea Environmental Issues
The Invisible Sea is a newly started organization, that has the goal to reduce particulate matter (pm) pollution in the Salton Sea Air Basin (Coachella
and Imperial Valleys). This is the cause of the Salton Sea severely drying up since 2002, exposing contaminated lakebed, realising particulate matter
that can be airborne. If the problem is averted it will reduce many health problems like cancer and asthma.
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Environmental Problems Facing The Earth
Patton, Cade
AP Environmental Science
The biggest environmental problem that faces Earth today is pollution. There are a bunch types of pollution on planet Earth but by far air pollution is
the deadliest. Air pollution can inhibit the breathing of living organisms. Many major companies including Exxonmobil and Bp who are leading the air
pollution race with a Exxonmobil averaging 39 million tons of emissions. These emissions are released into the air by the process of making gasoline
and chemicals. The second biggest environmental problem Earth faces each year is the decrease of natural resources. When it comes to natural
resources the depletion of fossil fuels and deforestation are destroying the planet. Deforestation is the removal of trees in a wide area to the point
of where it's almost not a forest anymore. On the other hand the depletion of fossil fuels is scary because fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource.
They are nonrenewable because they are being used up faster than they are being created. And it can take up to millions of years for more fossil fuels
to be created. And finally for my third pick of the biggest environmental problems facing the Earth is the depletion of its Ozone layer. Some chemicals
named Chlorine and bromine are in the atmosphere and are deteriorating the Ozone layer which consists of three hydrogen atoms.
2. Maybe Ishmael was named after the character in Moby Dick. In the book Moby Dick the character Ishmael is the only surviving member
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Environmental Issue Essay
Environmental problems are something which belongs to nature or known as "Mother Earth" [13]. Nature was created to help people survive from
gathering foods until build a house. This phenomenon happens continuously without thinking how much damage that nature has because human's fault.
Nature gradually becomes worse and animal's life in danger. People who are aware of the importance of nature react. Those people do several ways to
save the environment. Although these efforts can return back the environment, these efforts only can be hold temporarily. This problem happens
because those people who are aware of the environment only slightly; for remaining, there are people either do not know or do not care about the
nature. People's efforts...show more content...
Air pollution levels have a large existence in big cities in Indonesia like Jakarta, Bandung, and so on. This problem happens because the number of
motor vehicle use that is not limited [1]. Exhaust smog are the cause of air pollution which has the dangerous effects for people's health. Exhaust smog
is a result of burning fuel oil every motor vehicle. There are two types of burning fuel oil: the first is complete burning [2] and incomplete burning [3].
These types of burning have the differentiation in producing the remainder. Complete burning produces carbon dioxide as a result of remaining while
incomplete burning produces carbon monoxide as a result of the rest. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are gases that are harmful to people's
health and could decrease ozone layer [4] [5]. Exhaust smog is hazardous to people's health. Exhaust smog is a result of burning fuel oil [6].
Consequently, exhaust smog has possibility to contain carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gas. These harmful gases affect human respiration.
Carbon monoxide makes the respiratory system becomes worse. Carbon monoxide will interfere with the process of hemoglobin in breathing [7]. As a
result, people will not only feel lack of oxygen but also often feel dizzy and weak. In the other hand, carbon dioxide causes dizziness and fatigue to the
sufferer [8]. In the prevention and reduction of the impact of exhaust smog, the Indonesian government decided all motor vehicle users have to check
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Environmental health is the science that studies how the environment influences the human disease and health. Environment means things that are
natural to us in the environment, for instance air, water, and soil. However, it also covers the physical, chemical, biological, and social features that
surround us every day. The physical environment is the man–made or built structures that include our living, work, and even schools. Included in the
community systems such as the roads and our transportations, and waste management. However, the alterations such as air pollution to our natural
environment, is included in the physical section. The social environment is our social lifestyles like diet, exercise, socioeconomic status and many
...show more content...
The pollution has both chronic and acute effects on our health, and affects many of our systems and organs. The health consequences of lower levels of
pollution have been more difficult to decide. The first cause is that people differ in response to the environment and the toxics. When we are exposed to
the different conditions caused by the environment, the variation is wide because of how we react. With this variability of the population, it can mask
the effects that do occur in a sensitive segment of the population. The second difficulty is our age, and the timing of the exposures and how it will
influence both sensitivity to the environmental agent, and the type of effect it will cause our health. Infants and children may acquire lifelong damage
compared to us adults. Environmental regulation and pollution control will remain an important cornerstone of the public health policy. The focus will
be prevention, instead of disease treatment. Control of the pollution is a highly cost–effective means ensuring public health. With the contaminated
environments and the work hazards in occupations, improving the pollution control may lead to a reduced health care disparities. When the health of
all citizens is protected that a nation can fulfill its potential. Another reason we could consider is the climate change. The climate poses a challenge to
our health. Threats to our health caused by a toxin or disease pathogen, there are ways the
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Environmental Issues Essay
Did you ever think that something meant to aid in the advance of humans could be potentially fatal at the same time? What about a disease that was
considered “dead';, resurfacing and killing unsuspecting people? What about the fact that we as human beings are ruining the only place
for us to live, the earth? These questions sound outrageous, right? Wrong, these issues are considered environmental problems that we will soon face.
These issues are very serious and many people have no idea that they even exist. To have problems and not even know about them is definitely grounds
for destruction. We as a people, must look at the problems of antibiotic resistance, increasing diseases, weapons as wastes, and waste disposal and
...show more content...
The reasons for these deaths are new strains of the viruses, increased poverty, declining public health measures and increased human contact. To halt the
increase of the deaths, we must educate the public. If the symptoms, causes for, and methods of prevention are not taught to the public, they will
continue to die unfounded deaths. Education and prevention are the only way that these diseases can be defeated.
Weapons are contaminants of the environment also. The disposal of obsolete weapons is a problem being faced due to military tensions diminishing.
Explosives, chemical weapons and nuclear weapons are being dumped into landfills and water bodies, causing contamination and posing serious health
risks for those who come in contact with them. To prevent this, a way to dispose of these weapons without causing health risks must be developed.
Until then, they must be kept out of everyone’s reach to prevent harm.
Other contaminants include solid and toxic waste. With the increase of economy, comes the increase of waste. Waste is anything that is not desired by
an organism; releasing waste into the environment causes health risks for all organisms. To reduce these risks, government regulation must be
initiated. Recycling, reducing and reusing must also be executed. If not as much waste is produced or it can be reused, this problem may be decreased.
All in all, to keep what we have and maybe improve it, antibiotics use must
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Essay on Media Portray of Environmental Issues
The way that media has portrayed environmental issues has changed radically in the past few years. Environmental issues often aren`t considered
newsworthy unless something large scale occurs with a notable impact on everyday life. The BP oil spill in 2010 made front pages world wide, there
was a sudden push for the rescue of marine life and a general disgust for the condition of the Gulf Coast. An outpouring of awareness came of this
tragedy and mass media diligently informed audiences of every detail as the following cleanup events unfolded. Most environmental news is not
front–page material. The media gets the ultimate say in what is deemed as important.
The typical newspaper reader does no read every single article, but rather skims...show more content...
Media draws from various sources to gather facts and assemble stories for their readership. When a story comes out about a new scientific discovery or
an impending extinction of a species, the source must be considered. In a paper by Jeremy Corbett entitled "Testing Public Uncertainty of Science" he
discusses how newspapers especially just don't have the manpower to go straight to the scientific source. Media often rely on information sourced from
governmental and private entities rather than cutting edge scientific information. This allows them to provide information that is easily understood and
likely widely accepted. Corbett gives the example of a magazine that cites scientific reports but changes their story constantly: cell phones cause cancer,
no they don`t, then months later they are back to the initial assumption.
Awareness does not necessarily lead to change. Just because an environmental issue is brought to light doesn't mean its going to pull at everyone's`
heart strings and convince them to act. News affects everyone a little differently and some indicating factors include education level and interest in
local, national, and international news. (Schafer, 2010, pp. 11–65) A survey cited in an article by Fredrick Saunders showed that in 2011, 70 percent of
people who follow international news say that global warming is a serious threat, compared to 35 percent of those surveyed who do not
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The Environmental Issues Of Avatar
Avatar is the one of many films that address the major environmental issues of today's world, one which happens to be about sustainability. The film
foreshadows the reality of the Earth by 2154. In particular, Avatar demonstrates the results of overusing natural resources and thus forcing humans to
continue to destroy other areas of nature for sources of energy. Since there is no longer energy on Earth, the only option is to seek out energy from a
natural habitat where indigenous Na'vis have been living for years. In addition, since there is no energy, Earth is not able to sustain organic life or rich
produce. Furthermore, the place is called Pandora and contains an atmosphere that is toxic to humans forcing them to wear masks. There are no
megacities or urban environments here, only raw, organic nature that is preserved and cared for after the Na'vi. Here, sustainability is successful
because the people recognize the aesthetic justification. Above all, the Na'vi also refuse to partake in deathly acts which reserves the limited amount of
energy that they have. Avatar also touch bases with the moral justification aspect where the Na' vi humans discern that their mission is to aid the
environment to persist contributing to the success of sustainability on Pandora for future generations. The respect and gratitude that the Na'vi have for
nature contrasts greatly with the way humans have respect towards nature. As time passes, the development of energy is limited and is valuable
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1980s Environmental Issues
Since 1980s, along with economic development, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent global impact. Not only a regional
environmental pollution and massive ecological destruction, but also greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, global climate change, acid rain, species
extinction, desertification, forests dropped, transboundary pollution, marine pollution, wildlife species reduction, rainforest reduction, soil erosion and
other global environmental crisis, are threatening to the survival and development of
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1.Background
The environmental problems that the world has been suffering from in the last 100 years, has make professionals from different disciplines ask
themselves how to solve them. In particular, in the economics field it has push for the creation of two different subdisciplines: environmental economics
and ecological economics.
Environmental economics is a sub–discipline under the traditional economics field that emphases on present environmental issues. This sub–discipline
emerged in the 1950s and 1960's after the recognition that the environment have to be included in the market system while the economy core remained
the same (Pearce et al., 1993). It takes raw environmental materials as income (i.e.: harvest wheat and sell it)...show more content...
The theories are designed to take into account pollution and natural resource depletion, which the current model of market systems fails to do. This
"failure" needs to be addressed by correcting prices so they take into account "external" costs. External costs are uncompensated side effects of human
actions. For example, if a stream is polluted by runoff from agricultural land, the people downstream suffer a negative external cost or externality.
Environmental economics assumes that the environment provides resources and absorbs waste while providing amusement (trails, natural parks,
etc.) to humans. All these services, are consider economic resources because they have economic value and can be bought and sold in the market.
However, prior to the neoclassical environmental economics surge, their value was not recognized because there is no real market for these services
(and consequently giving them a price), reason why economists use the term "market failure". Market failure is defined as the incapacity that markets
have to reflect the social costs or benefits of a good, service, or state of the world. Therefore, when markets fail, the result will be inefficient or
unfavorable allocation of resources (Turner et al. 1994).
Environmental economics also relies in the idea of "scarcity". In this case scarcity refers to the shortage of any environmental service due to a pricing
problem. It
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Environmental Issues in World Political Theories
For the first time in history, human beings have realized that the environment can be destroyed by human activity. The massive cutting down of forests,
draining and flooding of bogs and lakes, changing the flow of rivers, and building of harmful factories and power plants, all of this contributes to
damaging our environment. In the world right now an agreement has not been reached about to what extent are humans responsible for the changes in
the environment on Earth. World Political forces according to their interests approach environmental issues in different ways, following the three main
World Political Theories.
Realism =======...show more content...
The most important tool that they use to put into practice states' foreign policies is military force. Realists acknowledge the environmental problems of
the world, but think that they should be dealt with on national levels. Thus every state takes care of their own environmental problems. They believe
that NGO's don't have the same power as states. For example, the realists recognize an event like the Johannesburg Conference but they participate in it
for different purposes. Not to reach compromises with the rest of the world but to keep up date and to form political alliances in order to promote
national interests.
USA is a good example of Realism in practice. USA didn't sign the Kyoto agreement, which limited the CO2 emissions, since it's not in their interest to
reduce production.
Liberalism ==========
Liberals believe in progress. The main idea is that humans are perfectible and democracy is needed to make it happen. Contrary to realists, liberals don't
think that war is the natural condition of world politics. Main actors, in their opinion, are NGO's, starting from multinational corporations to terrorist
groups. They don't deny that states are important but they believe that the co–operation between different types of actors is essential. They stress the
importance of environmental issues. Liberals think that environmental
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Caring About Our Environment Essay

  • 1. Caring About Our Environment Essay Caring About Our Environment Improving and maintaining the earth's environment is becoming a more important task every day of our lives. Due to ignorance and frequent carelessness, this important task is quickly becoming a critical one. For this reason, I took it upon myself to construct a strategic plan to enlighten my peers to the problems of our environment. I did this in hopes that it would encourage everyone to act responsibly towards improving and maintaining the environment. With ongoing threats to the earth's water supply,atmosphere, and surface, I found it necessary to devise a method of environmental enlightenment. I plan to apply this method at my place of academic study, The University. If supported by the faculty...show more content... I recently discovered that one cheeseburger takes more than 700 gallons of water to produce (includes water consumed by cows, water used to irrigate the cornfields that feed the cows, and the water used to produce the beef and cheese). When considering the millions of cheeseburgers that are consumed worldwide everyday, it is evident that the earth's water supply is declining rapidly. Due to air pollution, theozone layer is also being consumed at an extreme rate. Its arch nemesis is the various fumes from cars and factories. Scientists estimate that each 1% drop in ozone levels causes a 3 to 6% rise in skin cancer cases. Since the ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet and other high–energy radiation from penetrating to the earth's surface, this is a crisis that has to be rectified. The ozone's depletion has dropped to a level so thin that if we brought it down to Earth, it would only be as deep as the thickness of three dimes. The only positive outlook concerning this matter is that the ozone has the ability to reconstruct itself when UV–C rays break the bond of O2. Single oxygen atoms combine with O2 to form ozone (UV–B rays limit this process still yet). This evidence shows that the world is in dire need of an environmental resurrection. In order for this to occur and be successful, it would require an effort by every individual nation of our world. My resolution requires that The University of South Carolina Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Environmental Problems: Air Pollution Essay Introduction: Air pollution is among the critical challenges facing modern societies and is one of the most pressing environing mental problems. Air pollution is accountable for major harmful effects on human strength, animal survives, natural ecosystems and the man–made environment. It is also responsible for climate change due to the improved greenhouse effect, acid rain, and the reduction of the ozone layer that inaugurate important global environmental problems. Air pollution occurs both outdoors and indoors and is caused by human activities and natural mechanisms. Although air quality degradation because of air pollution is a global problem that threatens humanity's wellbeing overall, it is largely associated with environmental bias....show more content... (Anastasia Dimitriou and Vasilia Christidou, 2011) Indoor air pollution: Indoor air pollution mentions to the amount of chemical, biological and physical pollutants in the air confidential a building. Indoor air pollution can often be inferior to outdoor air pollution. There is a extensive range of indoor air pollutant causes in houses including building resources, hard–pressed wood goods and equipment, dominant heating and cooling systems, several individual care or household cleaning products, painting colors, solvents, heating or cooking applications (stoves, wood and gas burning fireplaces, gas fires), tobacco burn, office machineries and a diversity of other crops used in daily events. (Anastasia Dimitriou and Vasilia Christidou, 2011) In addition, outdoor pollutants are also found in indoor places, such as radon (a natural trace component of soil and ground). The main foundation of indoor air pollution is household burning of coal or biomass for cooking and warming. It is projected that more than half of the world's population trusts on animal dung, wood, crop waste, or coal to meet their most elementary energy needs. The main indoor pollutants that can almost be drawn in any home are between others formaldehyde, asbestos, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Essay about Environmental Issues The topics of: Energy, agriculture, pollution and climate change, biodiversity, and random miscellaneous environmental incongruities bring up some of the most crucial concerns of today's environmental issues. There is so much going on in today's world revolving around environmental concerns, and the information in newspapers serve as a great informational tool to inform the economy of what is going on around them and possibly what they can do to help. The environmental issues associated with the development and use of oil, gas, nuclear power, electricity, and wind/solar power fall under the category of "Energy." Energy is one of the most important issues there are, as energy is what makes the world work and act...show more content... The most notable concerns with agriculture are undoubtedly the serious droughts that many countries have faced this year, the difficulties of farmers, and the constant recalling of food products due to disease found within. The majority of the articles pertained to bad things that were occurring in agriculture or the food production industry, which leads one to be pessimistic on the way food is being produced lately. The struggle of farmers to gain more government funding has always been a concern, but the concern has elevated to a new level as droughts are affecting farmers' crops and making it much harder for them to make a living with a smaller margin of food production. All the recent recalling of meat is just unheard of, can you imagine how many people are getting sick from contaminated food, and they don't even know it? This arises a serious concern for the public's health, and for all the wasted food that is recalled and then thrown out. Pollution and climate change are always something you need to seriously consider when analyzing environmental issues. Pollution can be partially controlled while climate change cannot, which makes it hard to handle when bad weather hits an area unexpectedly. Most of the articles relating to Pollution involved chemical spills, and mostly clean–air/water agreements. Various chemical spills in Brockport, Britain, and other areas Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Environmental Science Essay Environmental Fundamentals Laura Jackson Env/100 April 8, 2013 JOHN ENSWORTH Environmental Fundamentals Introduction Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse, for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the following; the definition of environmental science, the relationship between science and technology and how it affects environmental problems; the concept of environmental sustainability and why it should be studied; how human...show more content... Environmental Sustainability Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally possible based on ideal–seeking behavior (Wikipedia, 2010). What makes environmental sustainability so important is that it demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely preserving the life support systems of the planet (Wikipedia, 2010). Human consumption can only use the nature's resources at a rate that can be replenished naturally. Human Values affecting Society The most devastating environmental change of all is the loss of biodiversity. The rate of species extinction has remained at one species per million per year, furthermore, the accelerating destruction of habitats throughout the world leads to projections of the loss of two–thirds of all species on earth by the end of this century, and millions of years to recover from the Cretaceous period (mindfully.org, 2013). As individuals, we obtain our food, directly or indirectly from plants, for example, plant our primary use of medicines. Biodiversity also determines the properties of communities and ecosystems, which capture energy from the sun. The world is less resilient, more homogeneous, less interesting, and with fewer opportunities for our descendants
  • 5. and ourselves: where the process reaches Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Environmental Issue in the Philippines Conclusion : Environmental Issues in the Philippines The Philippines is prone to natural disasters, particularly typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, lying as it does astride the typhoon belt, in the active volcanic region known as the "Pacific Ring of Fire," and in the geologically unstable region between the Pacific and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Philippines also suffers major human–caused environmental degradation aggravated by a high annual population growth rate, including loss of agricultural lands,deforestation,soil erosion, air and water pollution, improper disposal of solid and toxic wastes, loss of coral reefs, mismanagement and abuse of coastal resources, and overfishing....show more content... Mismanagement of fisheries resources is estimated to cost US$ 420 million annually in lost revenues.At the root of the overfishing problem is weak fisheries management, ineffective policies and poor enforcement of fishery laws.Philippine seas supply food for the whole country and livelihood for millions of people. Fisheries are economically, culturally, socially and ecologically important to all Filipinos. These resources are in crisis as evidenced by the declining fish catch, size and species composition around the country. The current condition of fisheries in the Philippines and worldwide is bleak. Overfishing, illegal fishing and habitat destruction combined with increased demand for fish and population growth continue to drive fisheries production into a deeper abyss. Seemingly impossible just 20 years ago, protein deficiency among fishing communities is now increasing at an alarming rate CORE PROBLEMS|CONTRIBUTING FACTORS| В·Loss of marine biodiversity В·Declining fish stocks В·Loss of revenues and benefits from fisheries and coastal resources|Overfishing В·Illegal and destructive fishing В·Coastal and habitat degradation В·Siltation and pollution В·Post–harvest losses В·Inefficient marketing| В·Inequitable distribution of benefits from fisheries and coastal resource uses|Open access В·Inter– and intra–sectoral conflicts В·Low awareness and participation in Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Social Issues And Environmental Issues In today's world majority of the environmental issues we face are also social issues. These environmental issues becoming social issues when they tend to impact a large number of individuals in society. Some well known examples of this would be climate change, global warming and deforestation. These are clearly environmental issues but are also social issues because they all pose a threat to the environment of mankind. Some environmental and social issues don't seem like they would be social issues looking at it from afar but if you take the time to analyze and break it down you can see it does indeed have an impact on a large part of humans. For example, animal predator declines, this tends to happen in a lot of smaller areas around the...show more content... It also makes up for some of the states that can't plant crops or do as much farming due to their environment and/or landscape. Another positive is if there is a loss of crops in other parts of the United States, Iowa could carry the weight of those lost crops but it can also be a negative because if Iowa is one of those states that is experiencing the loss of crops then that is a big portion of the corn and soybeans being planted for that year. Another negative would be only being able to farm for a certain part of the year because you only plant two crops which could lead to less jobs and a decrease in the state of Iowa's economy. This is both an environmental and social issue because, it is about the environment and how crops can impact it but also how it can impact humans. In chapter 11 of Bell, I read about supplying water in a costa rican village. There was a small village in Costa Rica that had just put in a new water supply dam. The dam was based on a small stream that went up into the mountains above the village and it was able to supply all of the houses on that side of the valley with clean running water. Positives of this is that there is water that is easily accessible to all of them in that area of the valley, they don't have to put their lives in danger by going into rivers and possible get attacked by predators or get a disease from bacteria that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Speech on Environmental Issues Today Essay Our Environment – how can you and I help save it? Albert Einstein said "Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better." Our planet is in trouble! Pretty much everywhere you look today you will hear or see something reminding you that our planet's health is failing. If our planet where a person it would be about time to buy the burial plot and write out the last will and testament. Just a brief list of the things that is ailing her is – pollution, acid rain, climate change, the destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats, the decline and extinction of thousands of species of animals and plants....and so on. I think everyone in here can agree that all of these issues exist and that humans have caused them....show more content... Much of our waste is made up of glass, metal, plastic and paper. Our natural resources such as trees, oil, coal and aluminum are used up in enormous amounts to make these products and the resources will one day be completely used up. So in order to cut down on the energy used lets reuse. What can you do? * Sort out your trash. Organic matter (e.g. potato peelings, left over food, tea leaves etc.) can be put in to a compost heap in the garden and used as a good, natural fertilizer for the plants. *Aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers are often collected from our doorsteps, but other items such as plastic bottles, juice cartons and cardboard may not be, in which case they can be taken to nearby recycling banks. You can find out where they are by just searching on line. * Use recycled paper to help save trees. Chlorine bleach is usually used to make newspapers and this pollutes rivers. It's better to use unbleached, recycled paper whenever you can. * Take your old clothes to charity shops. Some are sold, others are returned to textile mills for recycling. * Try to avoid buying plastic. It's hard to recycle. One way to cut down on plastic is to refuse to use plastic bags offered by supermarkets and use cloth re–useable shopping bags instead, or re–use plastic bags over and over again, until they wear out and then recycle them. Pollution Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Global Environmental Issues Of The World There are more than 7 billion people on Earth and counting presently, and roughly one in eight of us does not have enough to eat. The question "how many people the Earth can contain and sustain" is a long–standing one that becomes more intense as the world 's population–and our use of natural resources–keeps booming(1). It should be noted that there are 7 continents (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica) and 196 countries without including sub–nations and unoccupied islands in the world. This is not shocking to people as the world dynamics cannot be completely studied as population trends change from time to time due periodic occurrences. Population debates like this are why, in 2011, National Geographic published a series called "7 Billion" on world population, its trends, implications, and future. After years of examining global environmental issues such as climate change, energy, food supply, and freshwater, we thought the time was ripe for a deep discussion of people and how we are related to all these other issues–issues that are getting increased attention today, amid the new population projections(1). Recent researches show that the world population took billions of years to reach 7 billion and between 200 years rapidly increased 5 percent and increased to 7.4 billion(2).(2) In a famous 1798 essay, the Reverend Thomas Malthus proposed that human population would grow more rapidly than our ability to grow food, and that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Persuasive Essay On Environmental Issues There are various controversial topics that influence our lives every day. Environmental issues as a whole have been pushed down and are rarely publicized. The issue of deforestation is a huge environmental problem that I do not often hear about on the news or in my day to day life. Most of what I know about the topic is from reading science textbooks. I understand what deforestation means, and I understand that it largely affects the world today, and more specifically affectsclimate change, however I have never heard current news on this subject. Deforestation is the clearing away of a large area of trees. I know that deforestation plays a role in the decrease of biodiversity and affects the climate and environment of the earth as a whole. Three sources that could lead to more information about this topic include social media sites, a news outlet, and a scientific article. Social media cites, such as Facebook, can influence our understanding of deforestation. As we are scrolling through our Facebook pages, the posts that we see and read affect our understanding of a subject. I had to look up posts about deforestation on Facebook because no one I know posts about this topic, and hardly anyone seems to care about this subject in America. There were a few posts from the Facebook pages of news sources, like CNN, and a few environmental groups such as the Environmental Defense Fund with posts, but not many everyday people. One person had a post about how carbon dioxide is Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Salton Sea Environmental Issues The Invisible Sea is a newly started organization, that has the goal to reduce particulate matter (pm) pollution in the Salton Sea Air Basin (Coachella and Imperial Valleys). This is the cause of the Salton Sea severely drying up since 2002, exposing contaminated lakebed, realising particulate matter that can be airborne. If the problem is averted it will reduce many health problems like cancer and asthma. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Environmental Problems Facing The Earth Patton, Cade AP Environmental Science The biggest environmental problem that faces Earth today is pollution. There are a bunch types of pollution on planet Earth but by far air pollution is the deadliest. Air pollution can inhibit the breathing of living organisms. Many major companies including Exxonmobil and Bp who are leading the air pollution race with a Exxonmobil averaging 39 million tons of emissions. These emissions are released into the air by the process of making gasoline and chemicals. The second biggest environmental problem Earth faces each year is the decrease of natural resources. When it comes to natural resources the depletion of fossil fuels and deforestation are destroying the planet. Deforestation is the removal of trees in a wide area to the point of where it's almost not a forest anymore. On the other hand the depletion of fossil fuels is scary because fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. They are nonrenewable because they are being used up faster than they are being created. And it can take up to millions of years for more fossil fuels to be created. And finally for my third pick of the biggest environmental problems facing the Earth is the depletion of its Ozone layer. Some chemicals named Chlorine and bromine are in the atmosphere and are deteriorating the Ozone layer which consists of three hydrogen atoms. 2. Maybe Ishmael was named after the character in Moby Dick. In the book Moby Dick the character Ishmael is the only surviving member Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Environmental Issue Essay Environmental problems are something which belongs to nature or known as "Mother Earth" [13]. Nature was created to help people survive from gathering foods until build a house. This phenomenon happens continuously without thinking how much damage that nature has because human's fault. Nature gradually becomes worse and animal's life in danger. People who are aware of the importance of nature react. Those people do several ways to save the environment. Although these efforts can return back the environment, these efforts only can be hold temporarily. This problem happens because those people who are aware of the environment only slightly; for remaining, there are people either do not know or do not care about the nature. People's efforts...show more content... Air pollution levels have a large existence in big cities in Indonesia like Jakarta, Bandung, and so on. This problem happens because the number of motor vehicle use that is not limited [1]. Exhaust smog are the cause of air pollution which has the dangerous effects for people's health. Exhaust smog is a result of burning fuel oil every motor vehicle. There are two types of burning fuel oil: the first is complete burning [2] and incomplete burning [3]. These types of burning have the differentiation in producing the remainder. Complete burning produces carbon dioxide as a result of remaining while incomplete burning produces carbon monoxide as a result of the rest. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are gases that are harmful to people's health and could decrease ozone layer [4] [5]. Exhaust smog is hazardous to people's health. Exhaust smog is a result of burning fuel oil [6]. Consequently, exhaust smog has possibility to contain carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gas. These harmful gases affect human respiration. Carbon monoxide makes the respiratory system becomes worse. Carbon monoxide will interfere with the process of hemoglobin in breathing [7]. As a result, people will not only feel lack of oxygen but also often feel dizzy and weak. In the other hand, carbon dioxide causes dizziness and fatigue to the sufferer [8]. In the prevention and reduction of the impact of exhaust smog, the Indonesian government decided all motor vehicle users have to check Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Environmental health is the science that studies how the environment influences the human disease and health. Environment means things that are natural to us in the environment, for instance air, water, and soil. However, it also covers the physical, chemical, biological, and social features that surround us every day. The physical environment is the man–made or built structures that include our living, work, and even schools. Included in the community systems such as the roads and our transportations, and waste management. However, the alterations such as air pollution to our natural environment, is included in the physical section. The social environment is our social lifestyles like diet, exercise, socioeconomic status and many ...show more content... The pollution has both chronic and acute effects on our health, and affects many of our systems and organs. The health consequences of lower levels of pollution have been more difficult to decide. The first cause is that people differ in response to the environment and the toxics. When we are exposed to the different conditions caused by the environment, the variation is wide because of how we react. With this variability of the population, it can mask the effects that do occur in a sensitive segment of the population. The second difficulty is our age, and the timing of the exposures and how it will influence both sensitivity to the environmental agent, and the type of effect it will cause our health. Infants and children may acquire lifelong damage compared to us adults. Environmental regulation and pollution control will remain an important cornerstone of the public health policy. The focus will be prevention, instead of disease treatment. Control of the pollution is a highly cost–effective means ensuring public health. With the contaminated environments and the work hazards in occupations, improving the pollution control may lead to a reduced health care disparities. When the health of all citizens is protected that a nation can fulfill its potential. Another reason we could consider is the climate change. The climate poses a challenge to our health. Threats to our health caused by a toxin or disease pathogen, there are ways the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Environmental Issues Essay Did you ever think that something meant to aid in the advance of humans could be potentially fatal at the same time? What about a disease that was considered “dead';, resurfacing and killing unsuspecting people? What about the fact that we as human beings are ruining the only place for us to live, the earth? These questions sound outrageous, right? Wrong, these issues are considered environmental problems that we will soon face. These issues are very serious and many people have no idea that they even exist. To have problems and not even know about them is definitely grounds for destruction. We as a people, must look at the problems of antibiotic resistance, increasing diseases, weapons as wastes, and waste disposal and ...show more content... The reasons for these deaths are new strains of the viruses, increased poverty, declining public health measures and increased human contact. To halt the increase of the deaths, we must educate the public. If the symptoms, causes for, and methods of prevention are not taught to the public, they will continue to die unfounded deaths. Education and prevention are the only way that these diseases can be defeated. Weapons are contaminants of the environment also. The disposal of obsolete weapons is a problem being faced due to military tensions diminishing. Explosives, chemical weapons and nuclear weapons are being dumped into landfills and water bodies, causing contamination and posing serious health risks for those who come in contact with them. To prevent this, a way to dispose of these weapons without causing health risks must be developed. Until then, they must be kept out of everyone’s reach to prevent harm. Other contaminants include solid and toxic waste. With the increase of economy, comes the increase of waste. Waste is anything that is not desired by an organism; releasing waste into the environment causes health risks for all organisms. To reduce these risks, government regulation must be initiated. Recycling, reducing and reusing must also be executed. If not as much waste is produced or it can be reused, this problem may be decreased. All in all, to keep what we have and maybe improve it, antibiotics use must Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Essay on Media Portray of Environmental Issues The way that media has portrayed environmental issues has changed radically in the past few years. Environmental issues often aren`t considered newsworthy unless something large scale occurs with a notable impact on everyday life. The BP oil spill in 2010 made front pages world wide, there was a sudden push for the rescue of marine life and a general disgust for the condition of the Gulf Coast. An outpouring of awareness came of this tragedy and mass media diligently informed audiences of every detail as the following cleanup events unfolded. Most environmental news is not front–page material. The media gets the ultimate say in what is deemed as important. The typical newspaper reader does no read every single article, but rather skims...show more content... Media draws from various sources to gather facts and assemble stories for their readership. When a story comes out about a new scientific discovery or an impending extinction of a species, the source must be considered. In a paper by Jeremy Corbett entitled "Testing Public Uncertainty of Science" he discusses how newspapers especially just don't have the manpower to go straight to the scientific source. Media often rely on information sourced from governmental and private entities rather than cutting edge scientific information. This allows them to provide information that is easily understood and likely widely accepted. Corbett gives the example of a magazine that cites scientific reports but changes their story constantly: cell phones cause cancer, no they don`t, then months later they are back to the initial assumption. Awareness does not necessarily lead to change. Just because an environmental issue is brought to light doesn't mean its going to pull at everyone's` heart strings and convince them to act. News affects everyone a little differently and some indicating factors include education level and interest in local, national, and international news. (Schafer, 2010, pp. 11–65) A survey cited in an article by Fredrick Saunders showed that in 2011, 70 percent of people who follow international news say that global warming is a serious threat, compared to 35 percent of those surveyed who do not Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. The Environmental Issues Of Avatar Avatar is the one of many films that address the major environmental issues of today's world, one which happens to be about sustainability. The film foreshadows the reality of the Earth by 2154. In particular, Avatar demonstrates the results of overusing natural resources and thus forcing humans to continue to destroy other areas of nature for sources of energy. Since there is no longer energy on Earth, the only option is to seek out energy from a natural habitat where indigenous Na'vis have been living for years. In addition, since there is no energy, Earth is not able to sustain organic life or rich produce. Furthermore, the place is called Pandora and contains an atmosphere that is toxic to humans forcing them to wear masks. There are no megacities or urban environments here, only raw, organic nature that is preserved and cared for after the Na'vi. Here, sustainability is successful because the people recognize the aesthetic justification. Above all, the Na'vi also refuse to partake in deathly acts which reserves the limited amount of energy that they have. Avatar also touch bases with the moral justification aspect where the Na' vi humans discern that their mission is to aid the environment to persist contributing to the success of sustainability on Pandora for future generations. The respect and gratitude that the Na'vi have for nature contrasts greatly with the way humans have respect towards nature. As time passes, the development of energy is limited and is valuable Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. 1980s Environmental Issues Since 1980s, along with economic development, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent global impact. Not only a regional environmental pollution and massive ecological destruction, but also greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, global climate change, acid rain, species extinction, desertification, forests dropped, transboundary pollution, marine pollution, wildlife species reduction, rainforest reduction, soil erosion and other global environmental crisis, are threatening to the survival and development of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. 1.Background The environmental problems that the world has been suffering from in the last 100 years, has make professionals from different disciplines ask themselves how to solve them. In particular, in the economics field it has push for the creation of two different subdisciplines: environmental economics and ecological economics. Environmental economics is a sub–discipline under the traditional economics field that emphases on present environmental issues. This sub–discipline emerged in the 1950s and 1960's after the recognition that the environment have to be included in the market system while the economy core remained the same (Pearce et al., 1993). It takes raw environmental materials as income (i.e.: harvest wheat and sell it)...show more content... The theories are designed to take into account pollution and natural resource depletion, which the current model of market systems fails to do. This "failure" needs to be addressed by correcting prices so they take into account "external" costs. External costs are uncompensated side effects of human actions. For example, if a stream is polluted by runoff from agricultural land, the people downstream suffer a negative external cost or externality. Environmental economics assumes that the environment provides resources and absorbs waste while providing amusement (trails, natural parks, etc.) to humans. All these services, are consider economic resources because they have economic value and can be bought and sold in the market. However, prior to the neoclassical environmental economics surge, their value was not recognized because there is no real market for these services (and consequently giving them a price), reason why economists use the term "market failure". Market failure is defined as the incapacity that markets have to reflect the social costs or benefits of a good, service, or state of the world. Therefore, when markets fail, the result will be inefficient or unfavorable allocation of resources (Turner et al. 1994). Environmental economics also relies in the idea of "scarcity". In this case scarcity refers to the shortage of any environmental service due to a pricing problem. It Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Environmental Issues in World Political Theories For the first time in history, human beings have realized that the environment can be destroyed by human activity. The massive cutting down of forests, draining and flooding of bogs and lakes, changing the flow of rivers, and building of harmful factories and power plants, all of this contributes to damaging our environment. In the world right now an agreement has not been reached about to what extent are humans responsible for the changes in the environment on Earth. World Political forces according to their interests approach environmental issues in different ways, following the three main World Political Theories. Realism =======...show more content... The most important tool that they use to put into practice states' foreign policies is military force. Realists acknowledge the environmental problems of the world, but think that they should be dealt with on national levels. Thus every state takes care of their own environmental problems. They believe that NGO's don't have the same power as states. For example, the realists recognize an event like the Johannesburg Conference but they participate in it for different purposes. Not to reach compromises with the rest of the world but to keep up date and to form political alliances in order to promote national interests. USA is a good example of Realism in practice. USA didn't sign the Kyoto agreement, which limited the CO2 emissions, since it's not in their interest to reduce production. Liberalism ========== Liberals believe in progress. The main idea is that humans are perfectible and democracy is needed to make it happen. Contrary to realists, liberals don't think that war is the natural condition of world politics. Main actors, in their opinion, are NGO's, starting from multinational corporations to terrorist groups. They don't deny that states are important but they believe that the co–operation between different types of actors is essential. They stress the importance of environmental issues. Liberals think that environmental Get more content on HelpWriting.net