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Artificial intelligence
- 1. introducti on history timeline companie s about conclusio n Submitted to: Surichi Mam Artificial intelligenceSubmitted by: Karan Saini Bca(2nd Sem )
- 2. history timeline compani es about conclusion WHAT IS AI? • Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Intelligent behaviour in artifacts – “Design computer programs to make computers smarter” – “Study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better” • Intelligent behaviour – Perception, reasoning, learning, communicating, acting in complex environments • Long term goals of AI – Develop machines that do things as well as humans can or possibly even better – Understand behaviours introducti
- 4. history timeline companie s about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1941: DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPUTER ELECTRONIC COMPUTER • Some trace the origin to John Atanasoff Berry and Clifford berry at iowa state University • Required large, separate air conditioned rooms • Required separate configuration of thousands of wires • Data fed into system by punched cards
- 5. history timeline companie s about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1949: FIRST COMMERCIAL,STORED PROGRAM COMPUTER • Made job of entering a program easier • Advancements in computer theory -> computer science(eventually to Ai) • Invention of a means of processing data makes first AI possible
- 6. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1956:DARTMOUTH CONFERENCE • John MCCarthy(“father of AI”)organises conference • A month of brainstorming in VT • Talent and its expertie of others interested in machine intelligence • Biggest gain: field now called artificial intelligence
- 7. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1958:LISP LANGUAGE DEVELOPED • MCcarthy announces new development: lisp language • Still used today • List processing- language of choice among AI developers • LISP is characterized by the following ideas: computing with symbolic expressions rather than numbers representation of symbolic expressions and other information by list structure in the memory of a computer representation of information in external media mostly by multi-level lists and sometimes by S-expressions
- 8. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1963: START OF DOD’S ADVANCED REASEARCH PROJECTS • MIT receives 2.2 MILLION dollars from US government to research machine-aided cognition(AI) • From department of Defence us wants to stay ahead of Soviet Union
- 9. history timeline companies about conclusio n introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1968: MICROWORLD PROGRAM,SHRDLU CREATED • SHRDLU part of microworlds project- Research and programming in small words • When confined to small subject matter computer programming to solve spatial and logic problems
- 10. history timeline companies about conclusi on introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1970:FIRST EXPERT SYSTEM • Predicts the probability of a solution under the Set conditions • Potential to interpret statistics, formulate rules • Over course of 10 years can forecast stock market, aid doctors in diagnosis, show miners promising mineral locations • Large application in Marketplace • Conditional rules & storage of information
- 11. history timeline companies about conclusi on introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1972:PROLOG LANGUAGE REVEALED • General logic programming language • Represented as FACTS and rules • Developed in france • Remain one of the most popular programming language today
- 12. history timeline companies about conclusi on introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1986:AI BASED HARDWARE SELLS $425 MILLION TO COMPANIES • Expert systems in particular demand • Dupont,General motors, Boeing rely heavily on expert systems • Companies develop that specialize in creating software that aids in producing expert systems
- 13. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1991:AI MILITARY SYSTEMS USED EFFECTIVELY IN DESERT STORM • Used in Missile system, heads-up-display etc. • AI truly put to the test
- 14. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti 1941 1958 199119701968 198619561949 1963 1972 timeline In 1991: AlphaZero AI beats champion chess program after teaching itself in four hours • AI sysytem placed against a human chessmaster- Garry Kasparov to see who would win • AI wins-shows skills and abilities
- 17. history timeline companie s about conclusio n introducti APPLICATIONS OF A.I. • Expert systems. • Natural Language Processing (NLP). • Speech recognition. • Computer vision. • Robotics. • Automatic Programming.
- 19. history timeline companies about conclusion introducti CONCLUSION In it’ s short existence, AI has increased understanding of the nature of intelligence and provided an impressive array of application in a wide range of areas. It has sharpened understanding of human reasoning, and of the nature of intelligence in general. At the same time, it has revealed the complexity of modeling human reasoning providing new areas and rich challenges for the future.
- 20. GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY Artificial Intelligence Voice Recognition Logics & Intellectual Virtual Reality
- 21. ADVANTAGES • Error reduction • Daily application • Difficult exploration • Repetitive jobs • Digital assistant • Medical applications DISADVANTAGES • High cost • No replicating humans • No improvement with exercise • No original creativity • unemployment
- 23. THANK YOU!