現代天文学入門2

1. Introduction to modern astronomy 2
島袋隼⼠(Hayato Shimabukuro)（云南⼤学、
SWIFAR）
©GETTYIMAGES

2. 1.Our universe

3. Our place in Space
Human (⼈类)
～1m

4. Our place in Space
Human
Earth
(⼈类)
(地球)
～1m
～6000km

5. Our place in Space
Human
Earth
Sun
(⼈类)
(地球)
(太阳)
～1m
～6000km
～70万km

6. Our place in Space
Solar system
40AU
1AU(astronomical unit)=150,000,000km（1亿5千万公⾥）
1AU
(太阳系)

7. 1光年（light year）= 300,000 km/s (speed of light) ×864,000(seconds/day)×365 days=
= 9.46 × 1012
km
Our place in Space

8. 1光年（light year）= 300,000 km/s (speed of light) ×864,000(seconds/day)×365 days=
= 9.46 × 1012
km
Galaxy (Milky Way)
Our place in Space
(星系)
10万光年

9. 1光年（light year）= 300,000 km/s (speed of light) ×864,000(seconds/day)×365 days=
= 9.46 × 1012
km
Galaxy (Milky Way) Galaxy cluster
Our place in Space
(星系) (星系团)
10万光年 200万光年

10. Question
(Question)
•Alpha Centauri is the closest star from sun. The
distance from us is around 4.39 light year.
Alpha Centauri
•One of the fastest transporter is rocket. For example, to
escape the earth, rocket is required more than 7.9km/s
(=28'440km/h)
•Calculate how many years is needed to for rocket with speed of
7.9km/s to arrive at Alpha Centauri. (You can use smartphone)
(Answer)
1光年（light year）= 300,000 km/s (speed of light) ×864,00(seconds/day)×365 days=
= 9.46 × 1012
km

11. Question
(Question)
•Alpha Centauri is the closest star from sun. The
distance from us is around 4.39 light year.
Alpha Centauri
•One of the fastest transporter is rocket. For example, to
escape the earth, rocket is required more than 7.9km/s
(=28'440km/h)
•Calculate how many years is needed to for rocket with speed of
7.9km/s to arrive at Alpha Centauri. (You can use smartphone)
(Answer)
About 17万年（166,694 years）
1光年（light year）= 300,000 km/s (speed of light) ×864,00(seconds/day)×365 days=
= 9.46 × 1012
km

12. Purpose of astronomy
What is the purpose of astronomy
（e.g.）Dynamics and structure of stars, Shape of galaxies (Elliptical, disk, spiral etc),
Interstellar medium（星际物质）, Intergalactic medium（星系间物质）
Understanding the motion, shape, status, time evolution, interaction of objects
Elliptical galaxy disk galaxy spiral galaxy
（了解物体的运动、形状、状态、时间演化、相互作⽤）

13. Life cycle in the universe
恒星形成
星际物质
中⼦星/⿊洞
超新星爆炸
星球状的星云
(planetary nebulae)
⼩质量恒星
⼤质量恒星
(massive stars)
Interstellar medium
Star formation
Small stars
Supernova explosion
Neutron stars/blackhole

14. Human and universe
C
N
O
Carbon(碳),Nitrogen(氮⽓), Oxygen(氧⽓)
Amino acid(氨基酸)
•Our body consists of protein(蛋⽩质) linked to amino
acid(氨基酸)
•The amino acid and protein consists of C,N,O etc
•These elements come from the stars
We are children of the stars

15. We see the Universe by various wavelength
ALMA
Chandra
Subaru

16. See our galaxy by different “eyes"

17. •So far, we see our universe very roughly.
•Before we begin to start learn the universe more deeply, we study the history of astronomy.
• How has our view of the universe changed over time?

18. •So far, we see our universe very roughly.
•Before we begin to start learn the universe more deeply, we study the history of astronomy.
• How has our view of the universe changed over time?