Holo zoo

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RETHINKING ZOO ARCHITECTURE
(THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCE
TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM)
By
YOUSAF RAZA
CE17AR42
Supervised By:
AR. IRFAN ALI BROHI
LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ART & DESIGN
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
JAMSHORO
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Architecture
October 2021

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DEDICATION
This Thesis is dedicated to
MY PARENTS
Who have done their utmost to support and enable me
to seek education and taught me to always have a high
regard and commitment towards it, whilst always
inspiring and motivating me throughout the way to
become a better version of myself.

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DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ARTS AND DESIGN
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
JAMSHORO, SINDH, PAKISTAN
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in this project report/thesis on “THE
INTEGRATION OF HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY AND ZOO DESIGN”
has been entirely written by YOUSAF RAZA, Roll NO: CE17AR42himself under
the supervision of Mr. Irfan Ali Brohi
____________________________
Project/Thesis Supervisor
Mr. Irfan Ali Brohi
_______________________
Chairperson
Ar. Hina Marvi
Department of Architecture
Centre of Excellence in Arts and Design
The work presented in this book is evaluated by external examiners
(1)____________________ (2) ____________________ (3) ___________________
Dated________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to Allah Almighty, for His showers of
blessings throughout my research work to complete the research successfully and
secondly to appreciate the people related to this Thesis and give them their due
credit.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Ar.Irfan Ali Brohi
for taking on the daunting task of selecting me even given the complexity of my
project and believing in me and for the continuous support of my thesis study and
research, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, encouragement and immense
knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this
thesis.
Besides my advisor I would like to thank the respected Vice Chancellor Ar.Dr Bhai
Khan Shar for providing us with a medium to receive education and complete our
bachelors, My Jury advisor and the Chairperson of the department of Architecture
Ar.Hina Marvi for her patience, feedback and interest and also to the rest of my
thesis committee for their time, insightful comments and hard questions.
My sincere thanks also goes to all the teachers that have ever taken a single lecture to
the long term association from the foundation to the final year belonging to my
department or any other and taught me everything from my time in the University.
And lastly but in no way the least my Best friends and class fellows for being there
for me through thick and thin and helping me out on numerous occasions, surely
university life would have been a lot difficult without their love and support.
I Thank everyone with the highest gratitude.

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ABSTRACT
The progression of any society is measured on the basis of its achievements or
advancements in technological aspects in numerous fields. Humans and technology
have had a love/hate relationship but its impact on the general population is
undeniable as technology continues to stretch the threads of modernity. Technology
can be utilized as reclamation towards the recovery of any decreasing variable of the
society. One of such decreasing variable is the decaying Zoo culture, what used to be
an unparalleled form of informative entertainment is gradually ceasing to exist as a
larger part of quite possibly the most conspicuous Zoo shutting just over the most
recent couple of months around the world, the ruin of Zoo culture is clear.
From scarcity of funds and assets to animal rights activist constantly vouching and
protesting against animal mismanagement, cruelty and captivity the overall structure
of Zoo survival struggles to stay intact and ends up as a neglected space that fails to
contribute in the economical and social progression of the society. As technology has
proved over time its capability to revive or rebrand from anything to almost anything,
the intersection of technology and a modern interpretation of zoo functionality seems
vital and our best bet.
The most apt form of innovation that can be used for this purpose is the introduction
and application of Holographic technology due to its tendency to accomplish and
cater to the requirements and the ambience needed for a modern interpretation of a
Zoo. Holographic technology has also been recently used for creating 7D animal
projections in various sorts of shows and other events where live animals are
orthodoxly used.
Holographic technology can help minimize the invasive act of Zoo management and
propose a cleaner more sustainable yet interactive form of entertainment that would
break the monotony of how conventional spaces and their functionalities are
perceived, keeping the continuation of Zoo alive and afloat.

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INTRODUCTION TO THESIS
Chapter No. 1:
This chapter gives a brief introduction to the research area and gives an insight to the
topic. It discusses the feasibility, significance and the limitations of the research while
depicting and setting the goals and criteria related to the research.
Chapter No. 2:
This chapter entails detailed research needed related to the topic and provides factual
information concerning the research consisting of the pros and cons of the topic and
other factors such as the history, existing conditions, techniques and the integration of
the research within the desired project.
Chapter No. 3:
In this chapter research methodology is applied which is a criteria based on achieving
the aim and objectives set prior for the research conducted through qualitative and
quantitative data collection methods. The data is gathered through surveys, interviews
and questionnaires.
Chapter No. 4:
This chapter deals with the collection of the combined data from the previous chapter
and analyses the acquired data with respect to its feasibility and creates solution to the
previous identified obstructions while creating a probable outcome.
Chapter No. 5:
Case studies are done that provide more relevant and precise information related to
the research.
Chapter No. 6:
Site Selection criteria is done on the basis of what site should portray most reliable
features needed for the project and it also presents a comparative analysis of the sites
to determine the most appropriate site required for the project.

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Chapter No. 7:
Design brief consists of the requirements and features needed for the project given
under the consideration of the time saver standards. Design requirements of the
selected area dimensions are also considered.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION...............................................................................................................ii
CERTIFICATE............................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................v
INTRODUCTION TO THESIS ...................................................................................vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................xi
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................xii
CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................1
1.1 PREMISE...........................................................................................................1
1.2 HOLOGRAPHY................................................................................................2
1.3 MOTIVATION..................................................................................................3
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT................................................................................3
1.6 AIM....................................................................................................................3
1.7 OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................3
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH....................................................................4
1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH.............................................................4
CHAPTER 02 LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................5
2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................6
2.2 HISTORY OF ZOOS.........................................................................................6
2.3 THE ETHICS OF ZOOS ...................................................................................7
2.4 LIVE ANIMAL MISTREATMENT .................................................................8
2.5 ZOO CLOSURE................................................................................................8
2.6 HOLOGRAPHICAL APPLICATION IN ZOOS..............................................9
2.7 INTEGRATION WITH TECHNOLOGY IN ZOOS........................................9
2.8 THE END OF THE CONVENTIONAL ZOOS?............................................10
2.9 HOLO HABITAT............................................................................................11
2.10 CIRCUS RONCALLI......................................................................................11
2.11 THE FUTURE OF ZOOS................................................................................12
2.12 ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS, ARCHITECTS PRESENT
REMODELLING PLAN FOR KARACHI ZOO............................................13

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2.13 THE COST OF CAPTIVITY ..........................................................................15
2.14 A GROUP OF ARCHITECTS STRIVING TO RENOVATE KARACHI
ZOO .................................................................................................................16
2.15 THE DEBATE.................................................................................................17
2.16 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ................................................................17
CHAPTER 03 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................18
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................19
3.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS.............................................................19
3.3 QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS .................................20
3.4 QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS ....................................20
3.5 SURVEYS .......................................................................................................20
3.6 INTERVIEWS.................................................................................................21
3.7 CASE STUDIES..............................................................................................21
3.8 EXPLANATORY CASE STUDIES ...............................................................22
3.9 DESCRIPTIVE CASE STUDIES ...................................................................22
3.10 PARTICIPANT AND NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION....................23
3.11 COMPARISON DIAGRAMS OF RESEARCH METHODS.........................23
CHAPTER 04 DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................28
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................28
4.2 RESEARCH DATA COLLECTED THROUGH SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD .......................................................................28
4.3 OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED THROUGH THE SURVEY ..............................33
4.4 PROBABLE OUTCOME OF THE RESEARCH...........................................33
4.5 OUTCOME OF THE SURVEY......................................................................34
CHAPTER 05 CASE STUDY...................................................................................35
5.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................36
CASE STUDY 01............................................................................................36
CASE STUDY 02............................................................................................41
CASE STUDY 03............................................................................................45
CHAPTER 06 SITE SELECTION...........................................................................48
6.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................48
6.2 SITE#1.............................................................................................................48
6.3 SITE#2.............................................................................................................49

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6.4 SITE#3.............................................................................................................50
6.5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITE ........................................................51
6.6 SHORTLISTING OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ....................................51
6.7 SELECTED SITE ANALYSIS .......................................................................52
6.8 SITE CIRCULATION.....................................................................................52
CHAPTER 07 DESIGN BRIEF ...............................................................................53
7.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................54
7.2 HOLOGRAPHIC ZOO 0R HOLO HABITAT ...............................................54
7.3 REQUIREMENTS OF A HOLOGRAPHIC ZOO..........................................54
7.3.1 AUDITORIUM....................................................................................55
7.3.2 CONVENTION CENTRE...................................................................55
7.3.3 INDIVISUAL INTERACTIVE EXIBITS...........................................56
7.3.4 VR DISPLAY AREA ..........................................................................56
7.3.5 VR SIMULATED MOTION SAFARI................................................56
7.3.6 PROJECTION ROOM.........................................................................56
7.3.7 ADMINISTRATION...........................................................................57
7.3.8 RECEPTION........................................................................................57
7.3.9 FOOD COURT/RESTAURANTS ......................................................57
7.3.10 PUBLIC WASHROOMS ....................................................................58
7.3.11 SUPPORTING SPACES .....................................................................58
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................59

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 (Holographic projection of an Elephant)......................................................1
Figure 1.2: (Holographic projections through a phone screen) .....................................2
Figure 2.1: (Two jaguars in their enclosure)..................................................................7
Figure 2.2: (A woman using an interactive aquarium exhibit)....................................10
Figure 2.3: (An image from the holographic animal show at circus Roncalli)............12
Figure 2.4: (Portrayal of the immersion experience of visiting an aquarium
through a VR headset)...............................................................................13
Figure 2.5: (A bitter portrayal of animal capturement)................................................13
Figure 2.6: (Head Architect Zain Mustafa giving a brief at Karachi Zoo)..................17
Figure 3.1: (Comparison Chart for Research Methods)...............................................19
Figure 3.3: Pie Chart for Research Methods................................................................24
Figure 3.4: Research Questions for objective 01.........................................................26
Figure 5.1: (Entry gate of Karachi zoo).......................................................................36
Figure 5.2: (Karachi Zoo plan) ....................................................................................39
Figure 5.3: (Location plan of Karachi Zoo).................................................................40
Figure 5.4 (An external view of the Basel Zoo) ..........................................................41
Figure 5.5: Zoo Basel Ozeanium .................................................................................42
Figure 5.6: (An internal view of the Basel Zoo)..........................................................43
Figure 5.7: (Shows the levels of the zoo) ....................................................................43
Figure 5.8: (Shows the levels of the zoo) ....................................................................44
Figure 5.9: (A section of the zoo)................................................................................44
Figure 5.10: (Guangzhou Zoo entrance)......................................................................45
Figure 5.11: (A VR panel at Guangzhou)....................................................................46
Figure 5.12: (Visitors using VR goggles at Guangzhou).............................................46
Figure 5.13: (Visitors enjoying a VR stimulated safari)..............................................47
Figure 6.1: (Location Map of site 01)..........................................................................48
Figure 6.4: (An interpretation of site selected for the project) ....................................52
Figure 6.5: (An interpretation of site circulation)........................................................52

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 5.1: (Statistical data of Karachi Zoo).................................................................39
Table 6.1: Comparative Analysis of Site.....................................................................51

Rethinking Zoo Architecture (Through the Application of Advance Technological System)
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CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PREMISE
Many visions have morphed into realities now and what wasn’t practical or
achievable 50 years ago is now a certainty. Technology is advancing at unprecedented
rates and with the ever evolving advancements in technology the old traditionally
redundant ways of perceiving on how things used to happen are changing as well.
People are more tech savvy and are drawn towards these advancing technologies. One
such innovation is the creation of Holographic technology. Technology can be used as
redemption towards the revival of any diminishing factor of the society. One of such
factors is the decaying Zoo culture which is losing its significance through the passing
time. As an Architect is a social stone in the foundation of the society and its
betterment and the introduction of newer possibilities is an architect’s primary
obligation, I think that it is important that this matter should be brought into
consideration and be worked upon.
Figure 1.1 (Holographic projection of an Elephant)
Source https: //interestingengineering.com/german-circus-replaces-animals-with-stunning-holograms

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1.2 HOLOGRAPHY
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. A hologram is a real
world recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to reproduce a 3D
light field, resulting in an image which still has the depth, parallax, and other properties
of the original scene. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather
than an image formed by a lens. The holographic medium, for example the object
produced by a holographic process (which may be referred to as a hologram) is usually
unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light
field as an interference pattern of variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of
the photographic medium. When suitably lit, the interference pattern diffracts the light
into an accurate reproduction of the original light field, and the objects that were in it
exhibit visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that change realistically with
the different angles of viewing. That is, the view of the image from different angles
represents the subject viewed from similar angles. In this sense, holograms do not have
just the illusion of depth but are truly three-dimensional images.
To understand briefly Holography is a technique that enables a light field (which is
generally the result of a light source scattered off objects) to be recorded and late
reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of
the original objects.(Hariharan,p 20)
Figure 1.2: (Holographic projections through a phone screen)
Source. www.thejakartapost.com

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1.3 MOTIVATION
In an ever evolving world those who refuse to cope up with the rapid modernization
often get left far behind and soon fade away from the pages of history. Such is the
case for Zoo culture in Pakistan, with a majority of one of the most prominent Zoos
closing only in the last few months the downfall of Zoo culture is evident. From lack
of funds to animal mistreatment a new narrative or approach to reestablish Zoos is
mandatory, otherwise we done lost a great attraction that once existed and technology
from here on now seems to be our best bet.
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
While Urban planning there is a certain magnitude of area and space designated to
recreational and public spaces, these spaces are wasted by poor usage and
maintenance, with time the spaces loses its essence and purpose and gets prone to
abandonment and neglect and that results in a vast piece of land totally deserted and
noncontributing towards any prosperity of the society. One of such spaces is Zoos.
Zoo as a recreational space is dying and has lost its value, which used to be a great
informative and interactive space. But with this subject the world has turned a blind
eye towards the treatment of captive and inbred animals in Zoos, Safari parks, Circus
and other animal attractions. Just another part of our Ecological system getting
affected as it continues to falter due to encapture and then negligence of animals by
humans.
1.6 AIM
To Rethink and destigmatize the conventional ways a Zoo Design is perceived and
functioned with the help of advanced technological systems to break the monotony of
typical zoos as public spaces and reinvigorate its use and purpose.
1.7 OBJECTIVES
1. To discover a modern interpretation of a Zoo functionality that would revive
public interest from the decaying Zoo culture.
2. To minimize live animal captivity, mistreatment and animal related
expenditures through the application of Holographic technology.

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3. Exploring methods and techniques for Zoo design that would be more
interactive and entertaining for the visitors of all ages.
4. To propose new technological advance spaces for the general public to
revitalize their perception of orthodox spaces with more futuristically
advanced spaces.
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
The progression of any society ceases when it stops innovating and imagining newer
possibilities. If we continue to accept the old ways as they have been continuing for
decades to centuries even, we as human beings diminish our own path to growth. The
need to stop seeing spaces function in their orthodox manner is now more than ever.
In particular Zoos around the globe are a host to animal mistreatment, cruelty,
malnutrition, capture and inbreeding. These factors affect the ecological system in
unprecedented ways and as activist are striving to close all Zoos, it also means that a
great public attraction that was once a source of unparalleled entertainment and
interaction is also decaying. But as one door shuts another opens and technology is
becoming more capable than ever. Through the application of advance technological
systems we can restore and reimagine a conventional zoo design and make it less
invasive for the animals and more fun for us.
1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH
There are countless applications of Holographic technology in various fields ranging
from medical, educational to commercial, using technology from decades ago to the
latest versions. This research only caters to the application of holographic technology
in the reinterpretation of Zoo design and its functionality.

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CHAPTER 02
LITERATURE REVIEW

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2.1 INTRODUCTION
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources
relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing,
provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in
relation to the research problem being investigated. Literature reviews are
designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while researching
a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits
within a larger field of study. In essence, a literature review identifies, evaluates and
synthesizes the relevant literature within a particular field of research.
2.2 HISTORY OF ZOOS
The oldest forms of Zoos were called "Menageries" and even before that animals were
captured and used for fights in Arenas like The Colesseum in Rome by Gladiators. A
menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the
place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoological garden.
The predecessor of the zoological garden is the menagerie, which has a long history
from the ancient world to modern times. The oldest known zoological collection was
revealed during excavations at Hierakonpolis, Egypt in 2009, of a ca. 3500 BCE
menagerie.
The oldest zoo in the world still in existence is the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna,
Austria. It was constructed by Adrian van Stekhoven in 1752 at the order of
Emperor Francis I, to serve as an imperial menagerie as part of Schönbrunn Palace.
The menagerie was initially reserved for the viewing pleasure of the imperial family
and the court, but was made accessible to the public in 1765. (Vienna: Böhlau, 2008)
Relatively new terms for zoos in the late 20th century are "conservation park" or "bio
park". Adopting a new name is a strategy used by some zoo professionals to distance
their institutions from the stereotypical and nowadays criticized zoo concept of the 19th
century. (Maple 1995, p. 25.)The term "bio park" was first coined and developed by
the National Zoo in Washington D.C. in the late 1980s. In 1993, the New York
Zoological Society changed its name to the Wildlife Conservation Society and re
branded the zoos under its jurisdiction as "wildlife conservation parks".( Conway 1995)

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The modern zoos provide people with the rare opportunity to see animals they might
never see regularly. They inform the public about diverse species of animals that are
usually found around the world. With some of the biggest zoos and botanical gardens
situated in the core of urban cities (ex. Los Angeles Zoo, Brookfield Zoo, Bronx Zoo,
etc.), people are given a form of attraction to escape the busy city life. Behind the
scenes, zoos serve as a sanctuary for endangered species, operate as breeding grounds
for wildlife in captivity, and provide a space for biological research.
2.3 THE ETHICS OF ZOOS
While zoos are maintained to provide a source of entertainment for humans, a question
of ethics arises: are zoos good for the animals? Sometimes dubbed as “animal prisons,”
some wildlife activists see the maintenance of zoos as an improper practice. Certain
species of animals do not react well physically or psychologically to captivity. No
matter how accurately zoologists attempt to recreate the exhibits to match the natural
habitats of the animals, it will always be a difficult process for animals to live behind
the glass display or fenced areas. When the species are kept in captivity, their
behavioral changes will make the current and future generations reliant on help from
humans to the point where they cannot safely be released back to their natural habitats.
They become accustomed to a slower lifestyle with no natural predators as they lose
their natural survival skills in the wilderness.(Kobe Zheng 2020)
Figure 2.1: (Two jaguars in their enclosure)
Source https://www.britannica.com/science/zoo

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2.4 LIVE ANIMAL MISTREATMENT
Animals are often treated to inhumane treatment when they train and travel with
circuses. As PETA explains, the training required to get the elephants, tigers,
monkeys, and other circus animals to perform often involved “whips, tight collars,
muzzles, electric prods, bullhooks, and other painful tools.” As part of training, the
animals are also usually confined to incredibly small spaces like trucks or trailers
where they may not have access to basic necessities, such as food, water, and
veterinary care. And a majority of the animals that are bred ad kept in captivity never
fully return to their natural habitat and animal instincts and die even after their
release.
2.5 ZOO CLOSURE
WITH the last two animals relocated to their new home, the curtain falls on the
Islamabad Zoo. This week, Bubloo and Suzie — two Himalayan brown bears native
to Pakistan — were transported to a sanctuary in Jordan. According to reports, before
their arrival at the Islamabad Zoo, the two were trained to be ‘dancing bears’ and
spent most of their lives in human bondage. The bears had nearly all their teeth
removed to prevent them from attacking their caretakers, and they consequently
suffered from malnourishment, along with other medical complications. Two weeks
earlier, Kaavan, the (former) ‘loneliest elephant in the world’, was transferred to a
sanctuary in Cambodia, and received a hero’s welcome on his arrival. The gentle
giant has since shown rapid signs of improvement. His morbid back and forth
swaying, a sign of deep mental distress, has ceased, and he has already made new
friends at the sanctuary. In May, the Islamabad High Court had ordered the transfer of
all animals from the zoo to better-equipped environments, but two lions and an ostrich
died before they could reach their new homes, during the transfer process, which
signaled callousness and deep incompetence on the part of the authorities and their
caretakers. A video recording of the lions being ‘smoked’ out, with a fire lit inside
their cages, shocked many people, and raised a number of questions about the
‘methods’ that were being employed to ‘tame’ the wild animals at the zoo.
The Islamabad Zoo was built over four decades ago, but it has been plagued by bad
publicity in recent years. According to Four Paws International, over two dozen

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animals died at the zoo in the past four years alone, while many others went
‘missing’. Now, there are plans to create a sanctuary and animal conservation centre
on the ruins of that zoo, which is the right way to go. The conversation on the ethics
of keeping zoos alive in the 21st century must not end with the closure of one.
Published in Dawn, December 20th, 2020
2.6 HOLOGRAPHICAL APPLICATION IN ZOOS
Holograms have been around for ages, but nothing much has come of it except for a
few cool looking stickers and shiny seals on shiny products. It seems in the past few
years holographic technology has taken giant leaps forward and could possibly be
responsible for the end of captive animals and traditional zoos. The technology in
question is known as 7D hologram, and it's pretty epic as to what is possible. The mix
of next generation computer graphics and projecting those images into a 3D
environment is the next form of entertainment and something that is being used in
Dubai and Asia as an attraction. The holograms are so realistic you literally get the
same experience as you would when looking at animals in zoos. For example, when
you go to the zoo you are usually at a safe distance from the animal or behind a
protective barrier. You can see the animal, but you can't touch the animal, and you
probably wouldn't want to get too close to a lion etc. when you think about it. With
the aid of this 7D technology, companies have written software that project the
animals you'd normally see at the zoo, and actually it's a bit more of a show! Most
animals in zoos have no interest in interacting with humans and sometimes seeing a
miserable lion pace up and down is not exactly great viewing. Animal rights
protesters have been pushing for zoos to be closed for many years now, and with this
new technology starting to take off it might not be too long before you see a digital
zoo experience poping up in a city near you.(Ellie Boadly 2016)
2.7 INTEGRATION WITH TECHNOLOGY IN ZOOS
One of the main purposes of zoos is to educate people about the diverse species of
wildlife. The operation of guided tours, the display of fact panels, and the distribution
of informational brochures are all ways that the zoo system keeps tourists engaged.
Digital technology has long been implemented in zoos to enhance the learning
experience and allow visitors to connect with the animals they see. Interactive

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technology can easily display the information that tourists would like to know. Many
zoos worldwide currently use mobile applications, allowing guests to access resources
about animal exhibits from their own mobile devices.
Figure 2.2: (A woman using an interactive aquarium exhibit)
Source https://leadersinwildlifeconservation.org/blogs/f/the-future-of-zoos?blogcategory=Animals
2.8 THE END OF THE CONVENTIONAL ZOOS?
The experience can be quite amazing for kids and adults alike. This makes it an
unparalleled form of entertainment for the whole family. You cannot rub a real lion’s
belly in a zoo or stroke a python , but in the case of 7D animals, you can even do this and
even more. Holography now goes beyond just applications.
You may be wondering if a real animal is not better to see than a fake one. Well,
developers arrived at the conclusion that you don’t actually need the real animals to offer
the same experience that you will get from a real zoo. In fact, you can experience
something even more amazing and mind-blowing, minus the hazard.
7D will surely start to replace conventional zoos. At the same time, humans will start to
relearn how to become more kind to other creatures of the Earth and relearn how to
respect the animal kingdom from which they also belong to. (Offcloud Team 2017)

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2.9 HOLO HABITAT
Holo Habitat is a proposed holographic solution to establishments that keep
animals unnecessarily in captivity. This is obviously done by replacing the physical
animals with holograms; creating a cleaner, safer, and more sustainable institution
while maintaining the educational and novel experiences they offer. Guests will be
able to walk freely within the preexisting artificial environments of the animals,
populated by fully programmable holograms, unbothered by plexiglass, fences, and
odors – creating a much more immersive and stimulating environment for visitors. In
fact, the proposal also includes replaces some of the artificial foliage found in these
space with real plants and terrain where possible! (holohabitat 2021)
2.10 CIRCUS RONCALLI
Circus Roncalli was founded in 1976 and began phasing out animal performances in
the 1990s. Since 2018, the show has featured no live animals, turning instead to
holographic projections with 360-degree visibility for spectators seated around the
ring. According to the BBC, it takes 11 projectors to pull off the feat.
Some of the holographic acts replicate traditional circus fare, like the performing
elephant and an ethereal ring of horses that gallops around the big top. Other acts are
more fantastical; circus-goers of the past, for instance, would not have been treated to
the sight of a huge goldfish hovering in the middle of the ring.
Once a mainstay of popular entertainment, circuses have been struggling in recent
years. A number of factors have driven that decline, including the emergence of other
media, like movies and video games, that compete for the young audiences’ attention
and the increased cost of transporting a gaggle of performers and animals by train. (In
2016, when Circus Roncalli still used some animals, a single trip could cost them
almost $90,000, according to business newspaper Handelsblatt.) ( Brigit Katz 2019)

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Figure 2.3: (An image from the holographic animal show at circus Roncalli)
Source https://www.freethink.com/media/pages/articles/holograms-replace-circus-animals
2.11 THE FUTURE OF ZOOS
The future of zoos may be a development that directly addresses the concern of
animal captivity. With our current ability to create augmented reality, zoos can move
to a fully virtual experience. Virtual reality with the use of a headset can immerse
users into a full 360-degree view of real zoos as well as the proper auditory
experience. Currently, these augmented reality initiatives are being used to promote
actual visits to the zoos; the virtual interaction builds excitement for a viewing
without the headset. The alternative that can completely rid the need for animal
confinement is holographic technology. Holograms are projections of computer
graphics that feel like they take up space on a 3D plane.
This technology has already been used in circuses and animal shows. With the rapid
development of holographic display technologies, we can be assured that this could
certainly be the future of our zoos. Although the level of immersion will never
become a substitute for real interactions with wildlife, it is an alternative that, when
mastered, will allow all animals to be free while providing zoo visitors with an equal,
if not closer, experience than they would get from the modern zoo. (Kobe Zheng
2020)

13
Figure 2.4: (portrayal of the immersion experience of visiting an aquarium through a VR
headset)
Source https://leadersinwildlifeconservation.org/blogs/f/the-future-of-zoos?blogcategory=Animals
2.12 ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS, ARCHITECTS PRESENT
REMODELLING PLAN FOR KARACHI ZOO
KARACHI: A team of concerned citizens, comprised of architects, designers and
animal rights activist, is making efforts for renovation of the Karachi zoo to improve the
quality of life of the animals there. In this regard, the team led by architect Zain Mustafa
and mentored by PTI architect Samar Ali Khan presented a remodelling plan...
Figure 2.5: (A bitter portrayal of animal capturement)
Source SAMMA

14
KARACHI: A team of concerned citizens, comprised of architects, designers and
animal rights activist, is making efforts for renovation of the Karachi zoo to improve
the quality of life of the animals there.
In this regard, the team led by architect Zain Mustafa and mentored by PTI architect
Samar Ali Khan presented a remodeling plan to the Karachi Zoo management.
“A big thanks to the Karachi Zoo technical management for giving us the opportunity
to present our team’s concept and for giving us their input on how we can improve it
based on their needs,” said Zain Mustafa on Twitter.
The talented design group of 7 creative minds headed by animal rights activist and
architect Zain Mustafa and mentored by PTI architect Samar Ali Khan visits the Karachi
zoo every Friday to re-design the whole place for making it more animal friendly.
The team visited the zoo last week and shared their ideas on how the facility could be
turned into a home where each animal had freedom to enjoy its specific natural habitat
and visitors, especially children, got ample opportunities to learn about animal behavior.
A meeting between Karachi zoo management and the team took place in the backdrop of
provincial government’s plans to induct more animals and upgrade the facility as per
international standards for which it has initially allocated an amount of Rs30 million.
Media reports suggest that the total amount of funds to be released over a year comes
to around Rs1 billion.
Being an animal lover, Mustafa has been involved in animal shelter initiatives in the
city and was recently approached by a lawmaker to suggest ways and means to
develop the facility on modern lines.
His group, he pointed out, had been regularly visiting the zoo since then and
documenting the conditions animals were kept in.
Appreciating the cooperation extended by the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation
(KMC) in zoo data collection, he said: “We are happy to see their desire to improve
things. So far, they have been very responsive and cooperative.” – Samaa
SAMAA | Web desk - Posted: Oct 23, 2016

15
2.13 THE COST OF CAPTIVITY
The Karachi zoo has been under the limelight for being notorious when it comes to
funds. There have been allegations and accusations on it for corruption wherever
money is brought up. However, all these were just indictments, never proven though.
What most people, specially the general public, don’t know is the basics, simply like
how is the zoo funded.
Karachi zoo comes under the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC), which is a
body that comes under the local government. Thus, all the budget allocated to the zoo
is through KMC. Mr. Jabbar Bhatti, Senior Director Accounts at KMC told us, “There
are various things that come under KMC, including roads, the infrastructure of the
city etc. Thus, these things are our utmost priority. The funds for the zoo are relatively
less. Whatever they do use are the revenues the zoo itself generates. They have a
special account where the funds and the revenues are transferred.”
While on the other hand, Muhammad Ismail said quite the contrary. “The zoo is not
only equipped with animals but also has staff and management. Now the salaries of
these workers come from KMC directly, because technically we all working in the
zoo are governments officials.”
There is a separate budget for the feed of animals, there are daily diets and monthly
diets. In any type of organization contingencies, maintenance, development, capital
development – the budget has these bifurcations, including the salaries as well as
other expenditures regarding the animals. As far as food is concerned, ads are
published in newspapers inviting food suppliers. A bid is taken place in the KMC
office and whoever wins signs a contract for a year with the zoo. ”
“The revenue that we earn from the zoo annually, five to seven crores is directly
deposited into the KMC account. Most people often compare Karachi zoo with
Lahore zoo. However, both have a huge difference. Lahore zoo is an autonomous
body which means that whatever they earn, they can directly use it. On the other hand,
we have to submit plea applications to KMC for even the smallest amount of money
we need. The application itself goes through various phases like approvals, meeting
and even delays before we finally get the money”, the Director for aquariums,
Karachi zoo said.

16
On top of that, the zoo director told us that for daily expenditures, an imprest account
has been granted to them where their monthly allowance is Rs. 10,000 - 15,000,
which is highly insufficient for their daily expenditures. Along with this information,
he also said, “Only the dead knows the condition of the grave. Similarly, the scenario
visible from afar is different than what we go through every day.”
However, to counter these difficulties, the zoo often gets various donations. The
Karachi zoo has a policy that it does not accept funds in form of cash. Whoever wants
to donate could do it in the form of feed for the animals or training of zookeepers etc.
According to a report published on the KMC website, the annual revenues coming
from the zoo for the year 2016-2017 estimated to be Rs55.029 million and the
estimated revenues for the year 2017-2018 were Rs66.22 million. On the other hand,
the budget allotted to Karachi zoo for the year 2016-17 was Rs.148.010 million and it
is expected to go up by 35.13% during the next year.
2.14 A GROUP OF ARCHITECTS STRIVING TO RENOVATE
KARACHI ZOO
KARACHI: A team of seven architects headed by Zain Mustafa, who is also an
architect and designer, are striving to renovate the Karachi zoo to improve the quality
of life of the animals there
.The talented design group of 7 creative minds headed by animal rights activist and
architect Zain Mustafa and mentored by PTI architect Samar Ali Khan visits the
Karachi zoo every Friday to re-design the whole place for making it more animal
friendly.
The group made a presentation “Karachi Zoo- Revival Conceptual Visualizations” for
the awareness of the masses.
The presentation was made right in front of the disturbed screeching Chimp Raju.
They said their initial conceptual 3Ds and master plan were received with a certain
interest and curiosity.
“We all of us are keeping our focus at all times on the plight of the imprisoned
animals,” they said. Fazil Jamili October 22, 2016 The News International

17
Figure 2.6: (Head Architect Zain Mustafa giving a brief at Karachi Zoo)
Source DAWN
2.15 THE DEBATE
In many instances when talking about zoos, the argument arises that
zoo animals should be sent out into the wild, instead of being behind bars in the center
of a city. Various animal rights activists have been speaking against zoos and
demanding their closure. “Most zoo visitors look at caged animals like wallpaper and
spend only a few seconds in front of each animal. The only thing they learn from this
experience is that it’s okay to cage wild animals,” Mahera Omer, Co-founder and
Director of Pakistan Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) said.
2.16 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The brief conclusion of this literate review is that Humans since the beginning of time
have continued to exploit nature for their own needs and entertainment and which has
now started to show its repercussions more prominently than ever, and at the same
time We continue to make technological advancements everyday which we seem to
worship forever gazing in at what we have created.
Technology and nature must work hand in hand for the prosperity of mankind and
Holographic Zoo seems to be a promising way to revive Zoo culture again in a less
invasive non cruel way for the animals and at the same time opening doors for public
to view and benefit from the next generation of futuristic Entertainment.

18
CHAPTER 03
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

19
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify,
select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, the
methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity
and reliability.
3.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS
In all the field of study there are various research methods available and
understanding of these methods will assist an individual’s to choose the right research
methodology in research exercise. There are many ways to categorize different types
of research.
Qualitative Quantitative
Figure 3.1: (Comparison Chart for Research Methods)
Source: Author
Qualitative
Approach: Inductive
Goal: Depth, generate,
hypothesis,
Setting: Natural
Sampling: Purposeful
Data Collection: e.g., interviews,
guides, observation tools.
Data Analysis: Interactive
Interpretation.
Quantitative
Approach: Deductive
Goal: Breadth, test hypothesis
Setting: Experimental/quasi
Sampling: Random
Data Collection: e.g., Surveys,
Administrative/Clinical data
Data Analysis: Statistical tests,
modeling
Mixed

20
3.3 QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS
 Surveys
 Experiments
 Observations
3.4 QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS
 Interviews
 Case Studies
 Literature review
3.5 SURVEYS
The essence of survey method can be explained as “questioning individuals on a topic
or topics and then describing their responses”. In business studies survey method of
primary data collection is used in order to test concepts, reflect attitude of people,
establish the level of customer satisfaction, and conduct segmentation research and a
set of other purposes. Survey method can be used in both, quantitative as well as,
qualitative studies.
Survey method pursues two main purposes:
1. Describing certain aspects or characteristics of population and/or
2. Testing hypotheses about nature of relationships within a population.
Survey method can be broadly divided into three categories: mail survey, telephone
survey and personal interview. The descriptions of each of these methods are briefly
explained on the following table
Surveys involve collecting information, usually from fairly large groups of people, by
means of questionnaires but other techniques such as interviews or telephoning may
also be used. There are different types of survey. The most straightforward type (the
“one shot survey”) is administered to a sample of people at a set point in time.
Another type is the “before and after survey” which people complete before a major
event or experience and then again afterwards. [Thesismind -November 13, 2019

21
3.6 INTERVIEWS
Interviews are usually carried out in person i.e. face-to-face but can also be
administered by telephone or using more advance computer technology such as
Skype. Sometimes they are held in the interviewee’s home, sometimes at a more
neutral place. It is important for interviewees to decide whether they are comfortable
about inviting the researcher into their home and whether they have a room or area
where they can speak freely without disturbing other members of the household.
The interviewer (which is not necessarily the researcher) could adopt a formal or
informal approach, either letting the interviewee speak freely about a particular issue
or asking specific pre-determined questions. This will have been decided in advance
and depend on the approach used by the researchers. A semi-structured approach
would enable the interviewee to speak relatively freely, at the same time allowing the
researcher to ensure that certain issues were covered.
When conducting the interview, the researcher might have a check list or a form to
record answers. This might even take the form of a questionnaire. Taking notes can
interfere with the flow of the conversation, particularly in less structured interviews.
Also, it is difficult to pay attention to the non-verbal aspects of communication and to
remember everything that was said and the way it was said. Consequently, it can be
helpful for the researchers to have some kind of additional record of the interview
such as an audio or video recording. They should of course obtain permission before
recording an interview. [Thesismind -November 13, 2019]
3.7 CASE STUDIES
Case studies usually involve the detailed study of a particular case (a person or small
group or a building or a part of it). Various methods of data collection and analysis
are used but this typically includes observation and interviews and may involve
consulting other people and personal or public records. The researchers may be
interested in a particular phenomenon (e.g. coping with a diagnosis or a move into
residential care) and select one or more individuals in the respective situation on
whom to base their case study/studies. Case studies have a very narrow focus which
results in detailed descriptive data which is unique to the case(s) studied.

22
Nevertheless, it can be useful in clinical settings and may even challenge existing
theories and practices in other domains.
[Research methodology.com] noted that case studies are a popular research method in
business area. Case studies aim to analyze specific issues within the boundaries of a
specific environment, situation or organization. According to its design, case studies
in business research can be divided into three categories: explanatory, descriptive and
exploratory. [Thesismind -November 13, 2019]
3.8 EXPLANATORY CASE STUDIES
Aims to answer ‘how’ or ’why’ questions with little control on behalf of researcher
over occurrence of events. This type of case studies focus on phenomena within the
contexts of real-life situations. Example: “An investigation into the reasons of the
global financial and economic crisis of 2008 – 2010.” Exploratory case studies aim
to find answers to the questions of ‘what’ or ‘who’. Exploratory case study data
collection method is often accompanied by additional data collection method(s) such
as interviews, questionnaires, experiments etc.
3.9 DESCRIPTIVE CASE STUDIES
Aims to analyze the sequence of interpersonal events after a certain amount of time
has passed. Studies in business research belonging to this category usually describe
culture or sub-culture, and they attempt to discover the key phenomena. Example:
“Impact of increasing levels of multiculturalism on marketing practices: [Thesismind-
November 13, 2019]
Advantages of case study method include data collection and analysis within the
context of phenomenon, integration of qualitative and quantitative data in data
analysis, and the ability to capture complexities of real-life situations so that the
phenomenon can be studied in greater levels of depth. Case studies do have certain
disadvantages that may include lack of rigor, challenges associated with data analysis
and very little basis for generalizations of findings and conclusions.

23
3.10 PARTICIPANT AND NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
Studies which involve observing people can be divided into two main categories,
namely participant observation and non-participant observation.
In participant observation studies, the researcher becomes (or is already) part of the
group to be observed. This involves fitting in, gaining the trust of members of the
group and at the same time remaining sufficiently detached as to be able to carry out
the observation. The observations made might be based on what people do, the
explanations they give for what they do, the roles they have, relationships amongst
them and features of the situation in which they find themselves. The researcher
should be open about what s/he is doing, give the participants in the study the chance
see the results and comment on them, and take their comments seriously.
In non-participant observation studies, the researcher is not part of the group being studied.
The researcher decides in advance precisely what kind of behavior is relevant to the study and
can be realistically and ethically observed. The observation can be carried out in a few
different ways. For example, it could be continuous over a set period of time (e.g. one hour)
or regularly for shorter periods of time (for 60 seconds every so often) or on a random basis.
Observation does not only include noting what happened or was said but also the fact that a
specific behavior did not occur at the time of observation. [Thesismind -November 13, 2019]
3.11 COMPARISON DIAGRAMS OF RESEARCH METHODS
Fig No 3.2. Share of the research methods and its changes over time (Note: The
research methods were used 45 times in 35 studies of the period 1986–2010.
Similarly, these were used 139 times in 92 studies of the period 2011 to present).

24
Compares the share of the research methods in these two periods. The share of each
method was sorted from the smallest to the largest. The comparison indicates that
there has been a considerable increase in use rate of quantitative methods since 2010.
Figure 3.3: Pie Chart for Research Methods

25
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Overview
ZOO
(Brief)
Relevant
Literature
History Influence
STRUCTURE
Culture
Animals
Technology
Decaying Zoo
Culture
Awareness
Holographic Zoo
Conclusion
Objective
1, 3

26
Figure 3.4: Research Questions for objective 01

27

28
CHAPTER 04
DATA COLLECTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Data collection is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring and analyzing
accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques. A researcher can
evaluate their hypothesis on the basis of collected data. In most cases, data collection
is the primary and most important step for research, irrespective of the field of
research. The approach of data collection is different for different fields of study,
depending on the required information.
4.2 RESEARCH DATA COLLECTED THROUGH SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD
Q1
Q2

29
Q3
Q4
Q5

30
Q6
Q7
Q8

31
Q9
Q10
Q11

32
Q12
Q13
Q14

33
Q15
4.3 OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED THROUGH THE SURVEY
 Objective No.1
Objective No.1 was achieved through question number 2, 10, 14 from the Survey
Questionnaire.
 Objective No.2
Objective No.2 was achieved through question number 11, 12 from the Survey
Questionnaire.
 Objective No.3
Objective No.3 was achieved through question number 4, 5, 13, 15 from the Survey
Questionnaire.
 Objective No.4
Objective No.4 was achieved through question number 1, 2, 7, 8 from the Survey
Questionnaire.
4.4 PROBABLE OUTCOME OF THE RESEARCH
The Aim of this research is to analyze and propose a Holographic Zoo that would
contribute towards the revival of the diminishing Zoo culture and also change the
view of the people regarding conventional spaces and their functionality and with

34
doing that also save animals from cruel practices including capture, mistreatment and
malnutrition.
The study will also help pave way for what the future entertainment will look like
through the advent of technology in a manner that is interactive for humans and less
affecting to the Ecosystem.
4.5 OUTCOME OF THE SURVEY
The survey gives a clear insight into all the previous statements and claims,
confirming their authenticity and serious nature.
The survey proves that public interest in Zoos did actually decrease with time
resulting in a decaying Zoo culture. While some people still think that the existence of
animal in Zoo is crucial and their capture is justified whereas the survey also states
that people are open and willing to embrace Holographic technology as an alternate to
Live animal mistreatment, supporting the fact that technological application can
revive a diminishing public space while serving a much bigger purpose.

35
CHAPTER 05
CASE STUDY

36
5.1 INTRODUCTION
A case study is an in-depth study of a particular research problem rather than a
sweeping statistical survey or comprehensive comparative inquiry. It is often
used to narrow down a very broad field of research into one or a few easily
researchable examples. The case study research design is also useful for testing
whether a specific theory and model actually applies to phenomena in the real
world. It is a useful design when not much is known about an issue or
phenomenon.
CASE STUDY 01
KARACHI ZOO
Figure 5.1: (Entry gate of Karachi zoo)
Source https://www.zameen.com/blog/karachi-zoo.html#Features
Spread over 33 There are more than 80 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and
fish in Karachi Zoo with a total of more than 800 animals. However, the most
famous among these have always been the elephants. The Elephant House was
home to ‘Anarkali’, a female Asian elephant, for a number of years before she
passed away in July 2006 at the age of 65. Two female African bush elephants now

37
grace the premises. They were originally born in Tanzania in 2007 and were
brought to the zoo in May 2010 from Karachi Safari Park and are named ‘Noor
Jahan’ and ‘Madhu Bala’.
acres, Karachi Zoo opened its doors for the public in 1878, and they remain open
ever since. It is Pakistan’s second-oldest zoo, with Lahore Zoo being the oldest
(1872). Now also known as Karachi Zoological Gardens, it was once famous as
Mahatma Gandhi Garden before the partition of the Indian subcontinent. The zoo is
also home to a Natural History Museum.
The Natural History Museum is another famous exhibit here, where stuffed
animals, as well as preserved animal parts, are on display, including horns, antlers,
skins, and feathers. Zoology students often frequent the place for research
purposes. The museum was renovated in 1992 along with the Reptile House, which
contains 13 different species of lizards and snakes. Newly born tortoises and
crocodiles can also be seen here in different enclosures.
If you’re visiting the zoo, do not forget to appreciate the beautiful Mughal Garden that
is now open for the public (as of Dec 2019) and contains flower exhibits as well as
Mughal-styled fountains. A visit to the Karachi Municipal Aquarium located inside
the zoo is also a must, as it contains 28 tanks full of more than 30 species of fish.
Flamingos, swans, peacocks, Asiatic black bears, elephants, lions, white lions, Bengal
tigers, deer, monkeys, zebras, Mugger crocodiles, tortoises, and Indian cobras are just
some of the many animals you can witness when you visit Karachi Zoo.
Natural History Museum:
Karachi Zoo has a good Natural Museum Indigenous as well as exotic stuffed animals
belonging to different regions of the world have been exhibited in a very good
manner. Visitors and science students can study morphological characters of animals
from close quarter. Post graduate students can get more information on mammals,
birds and reptiles through the technical officials. In 1991-1992 CDGK (former KMC)
allocated funds for remodeling of Natural History Museum, which was carried out.
Now, the Natural History Museum is being visited by students of secondary schools
on regular basis for awareness in biodiversity. Apart from stuffed animals, skins,
antlers, horns & feathers etc are also placed on display in the museum. In 1992 the
Japanese Princess inaugurated the remodeled Natural History Museum. The

38
Reptile House:
The Reptile house in Karachi Zoo was extended and renovated in the year 1992. it is
one of the best Reptile Houses in Pakistan. There are 13 species of snakes and lizards.
Newly born hatching of tortoises & crocodiles are also exhibited in the Reptile House.
Mughal Garden:
A small garden in Mughal style was established in the year 1970. lush green lawns
with seasonal scanted plants, occupy major part of the garden. It is one of the finest
green floral spots in the city. Different verities of Roses in many shades enhance the
beauty of this garden. Centrally located fountains with Mughal structure Baradari
further increases its beauty & elegance.
Hospital Facilities:
In 1998 Karachi Zoo established a veterinary hospital with modern diagnostic facilities.
There is an operation theatre, equipped with X-ray quarantine building, laboratory and
incubation room where eggs left away by captive birds are taken care of.
Educational Facilities:
In order to create Public awareness regarding animals, their importance in society,
morphological character of the animals, their behavior,breeding, habit, habitat,
conservation of animals, feeding process in nocturnal and diurnal animals, animal
welfare, care and animal ethics, we arrange
educational programmes from time to time with the collaboration of different
educational institutions.
Stock Position:
There are 165 mammals, 460 birds and 210 reptiles in the zoo, making the total
number 835. The zoo boasts a reptile house that features Coral, Python, Sand Boa,
Dhaman or the Rat Snake and Cobra. The aquarium, constructed in, 1953 has 28
display tanks that contain a total of 30 species and some 300 fish. Besides, there is
also a natural history museum where, dead animals of the zoo are put on display after
being stuffed.

39
Zoo Stats:
Visitors, type of attractions, total expenditure and income by Zoo
Year
No. of
visitors
Type of
attractions
Total
expenditure
(per annum) Rs.
Total Income
(per annum)
Rs.
Adult Minor Animal Birds
Karachi
Zoo
1994-95 1774902 307904 171 603 5000000 10052298
1995-96 958036 560358 217 588 2570084 1552233
1996-97 1882867 400000 273 441 11025549 6536983
1997-98 1692210 360000 249 451 9561461 8465921
1998-99 1180000 500000 319 453 7106058 13137189
1999-00 1762420 150000 356 441 5815692 15740047
2000-01 1300000 925000 413 468 9095941 16869243
Table 5.1: (Statistical data of Karachi Zoo)
PLAN
Figure 5.2: (Karachi Zoo plan)

40
LOCATION PLAN
Figure 5.3: (Location plan of Karachi Zoo)
Source Google Maps

41
CASE STUDY 02
ZOO BASEL OZEANIUM
Figure 5.4 (An external view of the Basel Zoo)
Source https://www.archdaily.com/310879/zoo-basel-ozeanium-2nd-prize-winning-proposal-hhf-
burckhardt-partner/diagram-01-55
HHF & Burckhardt + Partner shared with us their second prize winning proposal
for the Zoo Basel Ozeanium, which is embedded in the city and used as a park by
residents and visitors. The proposed Ozeanium accommodates the scale of the
surrounding buildings, such as the Rialto swimming pool, the market hall and the tall
buildings on the city ring. The striking, confident construction volume is a clear
indication of what an attraction this will be, enriching the city in a central location.
The redesigning of the green area Nachtigallenwäldeli and the construction of the new
Ozeanium, an ocean aquarium, on the Heuwaage are bringing the zoo and the park
area even closer to the city center, to form an attractive living environment and
recreational area. More images and architects’ description after the break.
The roof and facade are homogenous in terms of the materials and the language of
forms: exposed concrete, horizontally graduated by rough boarding and with

42
sediment-like exogenous inclusions. The archaic building is riddled with differently
sized openings and recesses, making it possible to ascertain the most important
themes from the outside. Some of the spherical indentations in the building volume
are planted with vegetation and serve as habitat for birds and small animals.
Figure 5.5: Zoo Basel Ozeanium
https://www.archdaily.com/310879/zoo-basel-ozeanium-2nd-prize-winning-proposal-hhf-burckhardt-
partner/diagram-01-55
In the Ozeanium’s dome-like entrance area, which is open on all sides, the gigantic
weight of the masses of water above it becomes apparent. All of the building’s
important functions can already be seen directly from here. A ramp leads down to the
foyer and elevators; passages and staircases lead to the bar, the temporary exhibition
and the museum shop. Everything for which the building is used can be accessed
directly from the entrance area on foot, by wheelchair, or with a baby buggy. This
public area is protected from the elements, but in terms of climate, it is an outdoor
area, which is closed off at night by means of a grating.

43
Figure 5.6: (An internal view of the Basel Zoo)
Architects: HHF & Burckhardt + Partner
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Status: Open 2-stage competition, 2nd prize Waterfront
LEVELS
Figure 5.7: (Shows the levels of the zoo)

44
Figure 5.8: (Shows the levels of the zoo)
SECTION
Figure 5.9: (A section of the zoo)
Sorce https://www.archdaily.com/310879/zoo-basel-ozeanium-2nd-prize-winning-proposal-hhf-

45
CASE STUDY 03
GUANGZHOU ZOO
Figure 5.10: (Guangzhou Zoo entrance)
Source WikiData
Guangzhou Zoo in southern China has just become the “world’s first VR zoo”, through
its combined use of virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D projection and holographic laser
projection to bring visitors closer than ever before to animals.
When visiting a zoo, we want to get as close as possible to the animals. Often you’re
getting partial views of miserable animals that are trapped in a small enclosure
surrounded by bars and glass.
Guangzhou Zoo in Southern China wants you to experience animals like never before
without risking your safety. At the same time, they want to make the animals happier
and more comfortable. They’ve opened the world’s first VR zoo and are giving you
unprecedented access to animals like lions, monkeys, and elephants. The zoo was
created by Time Network, a Guangzhou-based hi-tech firm which also employs
scientists from the United States and England.

46
Figure 5.11: (A VR panel at Guangzhou)
Source: https://www.becausexm.com/blog/worlds-first-vr-zoo-looks-to-delight-animal-fans-in-china
Utilizing enhanced Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, 3D and holographic laser
projection, Guangzhou’s VR zoo has created a totally immersive experience that’s
truly unique. Guests use VR headsets and their mobile phones to observe the animals
feeding, playing, and breeding. By scanning QR codes, visitors choose whether they
want to be transported to say an African Savannah or an Indian Jungle. Information
about the animals will also pop up on their phones and headsets.
Some of the animals are computer generated and…also extinct. One of the most
popular experiences at Guangzhou’s VR zoo is the dinosaur exhibit. Guests are taken
back a few million years into a Jurassic Park type world.
Figure 5.12: (Visitors using VR goggles at Guangzhou)
Source: https://www.becausexm.com/blog/worlds-first-vr-zoo-looks-to-delight-animal-fans-in-china

47
This incredibly powerful immersive technology offers up a wide world of
incredible possibilities, VR provides the chance to explore previously
unchartered territories, to go on amazing adventures, and to see things from
unexpected perspectives.
A completely interactive experience whisks visitors away to the heights of the
Himalayas, the depths of the Pacific, across the Gobi Desert, all to see where the zoo's
residents came from. Officials say in less than a month, the VR Zoo has become an
instant hit.
The Virtual Reality also serves another purpose. It gets visitors to access to these
animals without disturbing their ecosystem. Instead of throwing animals into pens
surrounded by bars, they can be kept in a natural wildlife setting without sacrificing
the visitor’s experience. The natural setting keeps the animals healthier and guests can
see how they live in the real world.
With a history of poorly-funded animal exhibits that often fall well within the
confines of animal cruelty, some establishments have even been accused of trying to
pass off domestic animals as exotic wildlife in an effort to trick paying visitors.
Perhaps, rather than subject endangered creatures to horrible living conditions, it
would be best to remove these animals from the equation entirely by returning them to
their respective habitats and replacing them with authentic digital recreations.
Figure 5.13: (Visitors enjoying a VR stimulated safari)
Source: https://yellrobot.com/vr-zoo-china/

48
CHAPTER 06
SITE SELECTION
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Site selection indicates the practice of new facility location, both for business and
government. Site selection involves measuring the needs of a new project against the
merits of potential locations. The practice came of age during the 20th century, as
governments and corporate operations expanded to new geographies on a national and
international scale.
6.2 SITE#1
Figure 6.1: (Location Map of site 01)
Source Google Maps
DANZOO
Location: Precinct 19, Bahria Town, Karachi
Area: 70 acres
Inauguration: 2018
Owned: Bahria

49
6.3 SITE#2
Source Google Maps
KARACHI ZOO
Location: Nishtar Road, Garden East, Millat Nagar, Karachi
Inauguration: 1878
Owned by: KMC
Area: 33 Acres

50
6.4 SITE#3
Source Google Maps
DHA
Location: G3, Block57 and DHA School, Karachi.
Area: 21 Acres
Owned: DHA

51
6.5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITE
Table 6.1: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITE
Source: Author
6.6 SHORTLISTING OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
According to the table calculation the suitable site selection for the “Holographic
Zoo“ is site no 1 Danzoo in Bahria.
SITES NO 01 02 03
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF SITE
COST OF SITE 09 06 10
LOCATION 08 07 09
VIEWS 08 06 08
NOISE POLLUTION 09 05 07
TRAFFIC CONJUCTION 10 05 07
COMMERCIAL ZONE 10 07 09
VEHICULAR/ PEDISTERIAN ROUTES 10 05 07
ORIENTATION
w.r.t Wind 09 06 10
w.r.t sun direction 09 07 10
w.r.t front facing 07 06 10
TOTAL 89 60 87
Source: Author
Table: 6.1. Site selection analysis chart on the
basis of site context

52
6.7 SELECTED SITE ANALYSIS
Figure 6.4: (An interpretation of site selected for the project)
Source Author
6.8 SITE CIRCULATION
Figure 6.5: (An interpretation of site circulation)
Source Author

53
CHAPTER 07
DESIGN BRIEF

54
7.1 INTRODUCTION
A design brief is a project management document outlining the specifics of a design
project. There's no standard of what to include, but some common points are the
design project overview and scope, timelines, target audience information. It also
works as a written document for a design project developed in concert by a person
representing the business need for design and the designer. The document is focused
on the desired results of design – not aesthetics. Design briefs are commonly used in
consulting engagements.
7.2 HOLOGRAPHIC ZOO 0R HOLO HABITAT
Holographic Zoo is the culmination and intersection between the act of visiting a Zoo
and the art of Holography, combining the best of technology and entertainment
whereas Holo Habitat is a proposed holographic solution to establishments that keep
animals unnecessarily in captivity. This is obviously done by replacing the physical
animals with holograms; creating a cleaner, safer, and more sustainable institution
while maintaining the educational and novel experiences they offer. Guests will be
able to walk freely within the preexisting artificial environments of the animals,
populated by fully programmable holograms, unbothered by plexiglass, fences, and
odors – creating a much more immersive and stimulating environment for visitors. In
fact, the proposal also includes replacement of some of the artificial foliage found in
these space with real plants and terrain where possible.
7.3 REQUIREMENTS OF A HOLOGRAPHIC ZOO
 Auditorium
 Conventional Center
 Individual interactive Exhibits
 VR Display areas
 VR simulated Motion Safari
 Projection rooms
 Administration
 Reception
 Food Court/Restaurants

55
 Walk ways
 Recreational Areas
 Public Restrooms
 Sitting/Waiting Areas
 Landscape
 Training Centre for employs
 Internal Transport facilities
7.3.1 AUDITORIUM
 Single seat requirement for an Auditorium is 12sqft
 An Auditorium for 600 people will be 12x600 = 3600sqft
 Stage area 1200sqft
 Support spaces
7.3.2 CONVENTION CENTRE
Function Hall
 It has a total area of 64583.46 sqft
 The could be divided into two having the size of 30m x 50m .
 It could cater 100 booth with the size of 3m x 3m with a 4 meters clearances in
between.
Meeting Hall
 It has a total floor area 2150 sqft.
 The assumed area occupied per person is 43.0 sqft
 It can accommodate 50 guests.
Main Halls
 Single level,
 flat floor space which can be divided (at the very minimum) into 4 areas.
Breakout Rooms
 10 rooms of varying sizes.

56
Other spaces
 Flexible spaces for offices, ad hoc meetings, secretariat, speaker preparation,
etc.
Foyers
 Wide foyers (rather than long ones) so that they can be used, not just for traffic
flow, but also for registration, internet area, poster displays.
 When there are multiple hirers using the venue, foyer areas need to be
designated for each hirer.
7.3.3 INDIVISUAL INTERACTIVE EXIBITS
 Individual exhibits depend and varies on the number and the type of display.
 Size also varies from exibit to depending on the type of attractions.
7.3.4 VR DISPLAY AREA
 For a single room-scale setup, a minimum play area of 6 ft 6 in x 5 ft is
required. There's no minimum for seated and standing experiences.
7.3.5 VR SIMULATED MOTION SAFARI
 The maximum area recommended is 33sqft by 33sqft. If you have space, then
go for it, if not, go as big as your room will comfortably allow.
 This can also be through a moderate spaced 7D theatre style setting with a VR
display screen like the VR-1. The VR-1 calls its center panel a “Bionic
Display.” It's a 1920 x 1080 “micro-OLED” display with a resolution of 3,000
pixels per inch.
7.3.6 PROJECTION ROOM
 For a fully immersive experience, 20ft long by 15ft wide is best, with high
ceilings.
 The size of projection room varies according to the size of the screen or
projection medium.

57
7.3.7 ADMINISTRATION
 Reception/Waiting Area 200sqft
 Clerical Work Area 300sqft
 Conference Room 200sqft
 Mail Room 100sqft
 Washrooms
 Record room
 Control room
 Store
7.3.8 RECEPTION
 Reception areas are given with respect to the traffic that is expected in that
part of the building according to its purpose but the standard size is 20' x 25'
(500 SF).
7.3.9 FOOD COURT/RESTAURANTS
 FOR FOOD COURT
 Fine Dining: 18–20 Square Feet.
 Full Service Restaurant Dining: 12–15 Square Feet.
 Counter Service: 18–20 Square Feet.
 Fast Food Minimum: 11–14 Square Feet.
 FOR RESTAURANTS
 Full Service Restaurant Dining: 12–15 Square Feet.
 Counter Service: 18–20 Square Feet
 . Fast Food Minimum: 11–14 Square Feet.
 Table Service, Hotel/Club: 15–18 Square Feet.

58
7.3.10 PUBLIC WASHROOMS
 A standard toilet stall will be 36” wide by 60” deep with a 24” wide door. In
compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), bathrooms
usually require one larger stall designed to accommodate wheelchairs. These
ADA stalls are 60” wide by 60” deep with a 36” wide door and found at the
end of the row.
 Overall size of washroom relies on the number of stall and number of people
using it.
7.3.11 SUPPORTING SPACES
 Walk ways
 Recreational Areas
 Sitting/Waiting Areas
 Landscape
 Internal Transport facilities

59
REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography
 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/german-circus-uses-stunning-
holograms-instead-live-animal-performers-180972376/
 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/zoo-endured-inside-worlds-oldest-
zoo-180957191/
 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/07/this-circus-in-germany-is-using-
holograms-instead-of-real-animals
 https://leadersinwildlifeconservation.org/blogs/f/the-future-of-
zoos?blogcategory=Animals
 https://blog.offcloud.com/technology/7d-hologram-zoos-an-end-
 thttps://www.reddit.com/r/london/comments/jzl67o/a_holographic_solution_to
_spaces_like_zoos/
 https://sociable.co/technology/will-ar-vr-kill-zoos-or-is-it-time-for-zoos-to-
tech-up/o-conventional-zoos/
 https://www.dawn.com/news/1596786/zoo-closure
 https://www.brut.media/us/international/animal-abuse-marghazar-zoo-closed-
for-good-d2f666b4-f418-48e3-8a6a-cb3619f5d626
 https://www.dawn.com/news/1291475
 https://www.reddit.com/r/zoology/comments/dnigs7/zoo_enclosure_sizes/
 https://www.wwfpak.org/knowledge_hub_/position_papers/position_on_zoos_
in_pakistan_/
 https://www.eaza.net/assets/Uploads/images/Membership-docs-and-
 images/Zoo-Management-Manual-compressed.pdf

60
 https://dailytimes.com.pk/352826/speak-up-for-their-rights-animal-suffering-
in-pakistans-zoos/
 https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/the-ethical-history-
of-zoos/6869776
 https://dailyhistory.org/How_did_zoos_develop%3F
 https://www.eurekaselect.com/92382/article/holographic-recording-
medium?tracking-code=4
 https://www.becausexm.com/blog/worlds-first-vr-zoo-looks-to-delight-
animal-fans-in-china
 https://yellrobot.com/vr-zoo-china/
 https://www.gzzoo.com/en/news.aspx?page=5&classcode=010001
 https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d496a4e34674464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/
share_p.html
 https://vrscout.com/news/south-china-first-vr-zoo/#
 https://archive.org/details/TimeSaverStandardsForBuildingTypes/page/n1177/
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