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Biodegradation of chloroaromatic
1. Al-neelain University
Faculty of Science and Technology
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology
Biodegradation Of Chloroaromatic
By:
Hatim Ahmed Mohamed Eissa
2. Biodegradation Of Chloroaromatic Compounds
Introduction:
Chlorinated aromatic compounds are only rarely synthesized
in nature, but are produced widely through human
activities in large quantities for various purposes.
โข Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are widely used in
industry and agriculture, and comprise the bulk of
environmental pollutants.
โข Although simple aromatic compounds are biodegradable by a
variety of degradative pathways.
3. Biodegradation Of Chloroaromatic Compounds
โข Their halogenated counterparts are more resistant to bacterial
attack.
โข Chlorinated aromatic compounds are the major pollutants of
the environment because of their extensive use and toxicity.
5. Methods of biodegradation:
1. Naturally isolated microorganisms .
Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida has been reported to grow on chlorobenzene
using a meta-cleavage pathway with chlorocatechol 2,3-
dioxygenase .
2. Geneyically modified microorganism.
6. Microbial pathways for biodegradation:
โข some bacterial strains have evolved degradative pathways
for chloroaromatics and can even use these compounds as
growth substrates .
๏ Meta cleavage Pathway .
๏ Modified Ortho-cleavage Pathway
In general, under aerobic conditions, the CAs are
transforme via oxidative dechlorination, while in
anaerobic via reductive dechlorination.
7. Cont...
โข The aerobic microbial degradation of various chloroaromatic
compounds occurs via chlorocatechols as central intermediates.
โข a strictly anaerobic Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacterium, is the
best-described dechlorinating .
โข The basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium that commonly is known
as a
white rot fungus, can mineralize a variety of hazardous organic
chemicals including chlorinated phenols.
9. disadvantages
โข In high concentration less effective.
โข So expensive when dealing with genetically modified
microorganism.
โข Need monitoring.
10. disadvantages
โข In high concentration less effective.
โข So expensive when dealing with genetically modified
microorganism.
โข Need monitoring.