PRAKTIKUM FISDAS II

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GUIDE OF BASIC PHYSICS LABORATORY
I. PRELIMINARY
A. The purpose experiment of Basic Physics in Laboratory
 Developing the theory and the fact that the material given in lectures more
internalized and to understand.
 Checking the truth of the laws of physics and visually see some of the
events in the actual events.
 Acquire the necessary skills and skills in using and understood the
usefulness of laboratory equipment.
 Ability to analyze, create hypotheses or conclusions from the data obtained
from the experiments.
B. Experiment Steps
1. Preparation, with special attention to the purpose of the experiment,
comprehensively understand the theory and physical quantities
related to the experiment, the function of the tools and
experimental nets.
2. Experiment, with due regard to environmental conditions, perform repeated
measurements, record all of the data is done, including the
smallest scale.
3. Analysis, check the data consistent, make the relationship in the graph and
perform calculations correctly.
4 The authors report.
II. CONDUCT (MSUST READ)
A. Home / Before Practicum:
1. Practitioner has come late after the lab begins not allowed to participate in
practicum.
2. Learn well the modules that you do in the lab.
3. Work on the preliminary task in the module in question and submit it to
your assistant before working in the lab module.

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4. At the time of leaving the lab will be sure to bring the control valve,
student identification, and lab coats.
5. In Laboratory practitioner should be calm, orderly, polite, well-dressed in
a shirt or collared shirt, do not wear sandals and shall wear identification.
Prohibited food, drink, or smoke in the laboratory.
6. Practitioners not allowed to participate if they do not meet the practical
requirements:
a. Wearing identification
b. Carry identification cards practicum
7. Submit the preliminary tasks to assistants and answer the initial test before
the lab begins.
B. DURING LABORATORY
1. Practitioners can begin the experiment after preliminary tests and get
permission from the assistant Instruction to use tool
2. Practitioners should get the data by experimenting. If they fail to to obtain
the data (due to equipment failure or other things), must report to the
assistant and lecturer responsible for the daily.
3. Practitioners must keep her safety, cleanliness and order laboratory
4. Special 4 for experiments using electricity, before turning on the power
supply ask the assistant if the circuit is correct.
5. If the practitioners make a faults, assistants can make a rule and sanction.
C. FINISHED EXPERIMENT
After the lab is complete, before leaving the laboratory, the practitioner must:
1. Ask a preliminary report which has been re-checked.
2. Ask the signature on the control card.
3. Cleaning the table and throw garbage.

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D. OTHER PROVISIONS
1. Practicum must replace equipment damaged or lost during practicum takes
place with the same tool prior to attending next practicum.
2. The amount of practical value is 25% (1 sks) of the total value of college
Physics
3. Practicum is not a requirement to pass the course Physics II.
4. whole other rules will be explained at the time of general responsiveness
E. TIME LAB
Shift I 7:30 to 10:00 a.m
Shift II 10:00 to 12:30 p.m
Shift III 12:30 to 15:00 p.m
Shift IV 15.00 to 17.30 p.m
F. COPYRIGHT
This module was written by team of PASCO that Ann Hanks, Sean
McKeever and Geoffrey Clarion. Edited by crew of basic physic Laboratory.
Direction of Sabaruddin Rahman, ST.,MT.,Ph.D and As Responsible for the
laboratory
Gowa, 16th
February2015
CoordinatorPracticum

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LIST OF CONTENTS
Chapter I : Electromagnetic :Faraday’s Law 13
Chapter II : Magnet: Magnetic Force onWire 16
Chapter III : Magnet: Magnetic Fields Coil
Chapter IV : Wave : Longitudinal And TransversalWave 19
Chapter V : Optic : Snell’s Law 25

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CHAPTER I
ELECTROMAGNETIC
FARADAY’S LAW
I. INTRODUCTION
A changing magnetic field can produce a potential difference, often called
an emf, across a coil of wire. If the coil is part of a closed circuit, a current is
induced in the circuit. The changing magnetic field can be produced by relative
motion between a coil and a permanent magnet or by changing the current in one
coil that is placed near another coil. Effects of these kinds are known as
electromagnetic induction and can be described by Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law.
Motors, generators, and transformers are a few of the many common devices
whose operation is explained by the laws of electromagnetic induction. In this
experiment, a coil passes through a magnetic field, causing a change in the
magnetic flux in the coil.
II. PURPOSE
1. Verify faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
2. Observe factors which affect to magnitude of induced emf
3. Identify induced emf in the coil and the effect of the induced current on
the coil’s motion
III. EQUIPMENT
Induction Wand 200-turn EM-8099
Variable Gap Magnet EM-8618
Large Rod Stand ME-8735
45 cm Long Steel Rod ME-8736
Large Table Clamp ME-9507
Voltage-Current Sensor PS-2115
2-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor PS-2162
Rotary Motion Sensor PS-2120

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Meter Stick
Computer and DataStudio Software
USB Link PS-2100
PASPORT Sensor Extension Cable PS-2500
IV. BASIC THEORY
According to Faraday's Law of Induction, a changing magnetic flux through
a coil induces an emf given by:
d
N
dt

 E (1)
Where B dA BA   
vv
for a magnetic field (B) which is constant over the
area (A) and perpendicular to the area. N is the number of turns of wire in the coil.
The negative sign in Faraday's law indicates that the induced emf and the change
in flux have opposite signs. This arises from significant physical phenomena,
referred to as Lenz' Law: the induced current is
Always in a direction that opposes the change of flux that created it. That is,
the induced current tends to keep the original magnetic flux from changing by
creating a magnetic field in a direction that opposes the change in flux.
V. SET-UP
1. Put a rod in the stand and clamp the cross-rod to it as shown in Figure 1. Put
the Rotary Motion Sensor at the end of the cross-rod.
2. Attach the coil wand to the Rotary Motion Sensor with the tabs on the 3-step
pulley just to the sides of the wand as shown in Figure 2.
3. Put the pole plates on the magnet as shown in Figure 3. Adjust the gap
between the magnet poles so the coil wand will be able to pass through but
put the magnet poles as close together as possible.

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Figure 1: Rod Stand Figure 2: Tabs Figure 3: Magnet Pole Plate
4. Adjust the height of the coil so it is in the middle of the magnet. Align the
wand from side-to-side so it will swing through the magnet without hitting it.
5. Plug the Voltage Sensor into a USB Link or similar PASPORT interface.
Connect the interface into the computer. Repeat for the Rotary Motion Sensor
and the Magnetic Field Sensor.
6. Plug the Voltage Sensor banana plugs into the banana jacks on the end of the
coil wand. Drape the Voltage Sensor wires over the rods as shown in Figure 1
so the wires will not exert a torque on the coil as it swings. It helps to hold the
wires up while recording data.
7. Open the DataStudio file called "InducedEMFpas.ds".
VI. PROCEDURE
In this practicum, you will use an Induction Wand to measure the
relationship between induced electromotive force and magnetic flux with respect
to velocity of a coil traveling through magnetic field and strength of magnetic
field. Velocity of coil will be varying with changes the angle and strength of
magnetic field will be varying with changes the distance of magnets.
Before do the procedure below, determine which the north and south pole of
magnet.

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a. Constant Distance (Varying velocity of coil)
1. Setup the distance between magnets, the distance is 4 cm.
2. With sensor far from magnets, Press TARE button at 2-Axis Magnetic
Sensor. Sensor will be calibrated
3. Click START BUTTON at top of DataSudio. Pull the coil wand back
with angle is 7,5 degree. Use Rotary Motion Sensor to see the angle. Let it
swing through the magnet.
4. Data will be recording. After around 6 waves at the graph, click STOP
button at DataStudio
5. Use MAGNIFIER tool to enlarge the portion of the graphs
6. Use mouse to highlight the first peak at Voltage graph and note the
maximum value of voltage
7. Use mouse to high light the first peak at Magnetic Field graph and note
the maximum value of voltage
8. Use mouse to high Light the first peak at Angular Velocity graph and note
the maximum value of velocity
9. Repeat steps 1-7 with angle 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°
b. Constant Angle (Varying strength of magnetic field)
1. Setup the distance between magnets, the distance is 3,5 cm.
2. With sensor far from magnets, Press TARE button at 2-Axis Magnetic
Sensor. Sensor will be calibrated
3. Click START BUTTON at top of DataSudio. Pull the coil wand back
with angle is 30°. Use Rotary Motion Sensor to see the angle. Let it
swing through the magnet.
4. Data will be recording. After around 6 waves at the graph, click STOP
button at DataStudio
5. Use MAGNIFIER tool to enlarge the portion of the graphs
6. Use mouse to highlight the first peak at Voltage graph and note the
maximum value of voltage
7. Use mouse to high light the first peak at Magnetic Field graph and note
the maximum value of voltage

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8. Repeat steps 1-7 with distance of magnets is 4 cm, 4,5 cm, 5 cm, 5,5 cm
and 6 cm
VII. DATA AND ANALYSIS
VII.1 TABLE
a. Constant Distance
Distance between magnets = 4 cm
Degree Angular velocity
(deg/s)
Magnetic Field (gauss) Voltage (volt)
7,5
15
30
45
60
75
b. Constant Angle
Angle of coil = 30 degree
Distance (cm) Magnetic Field (gauss) Voltage (volt)
3,5
4
4,5
5
5,5
6

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VII.2 GRAPH
a. Constant Distance
b. Constant Angle
c. DataStudio Graph (x degree, x cm)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
7.5 15 30 45 60
Voltage
Velocity
Velocity of coil vs Voltage
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Voltage
Strength
Strength of Magnets vs Voltage
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
AxisTitle
Axis Title

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VII.3 ANALYSIS
Answer the following question in your lab report:
1. How the relationship between velocity of coil through the magnet and
induced voltage? And Why?
2. How the relationship between magnitude of magnetic coil and induced
voltage? And Why?
3. Where the coil enter the magnet and leave the magnet at DataStudio graph?
4. Is the emf of the first peak positive or negative? Taking into account the
direction the wire is wrapped around the coil, does the sign of the emf
correspond to the direction expected using Lenz's Law?
5. Why is the induced voltage increasingly swing smaller and slower?
VIII. PRELIMINARY TASK
1. Write the factors that affect to the magnitude of induced voltage at swing coil
through the magnet!
2. Write faraday’s laws of induction of voltage and five applications in life!
3. Explain about magnetic field, magnetic flux, electric field, and eddy currents!
4. How to determine direction of induced current according to the Lenz’s law?
5. A coil have 200 turn which placed between two pole of permanent magnet
(north pole and south pole). Magnetic field B between two pole of magnets is
200 gauss. How much the magnetic flux if the outer diameter of coil is 3,1 cm
and inner diameter is 1,9 cm? If magnetic field is changing to 600 gauss in
2x10-2 seconds. How much induced voltage at coil?
6. A bracelet copper is dropped between two pole of magnet with certain
strength magnetic field. Bracelet that drop appear slowed. Explain this
phenomenon!
REFERENCES
Hanks, Ann. Year. Faraday Induction (PASPORT) EX-995. PASCO: United
States of America
“The point of be a good engineers is think smart, honest, and work properly”

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CHAPTER II
MAGNET
MAGNETIC FORCE ON WIRE
I. INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER III
MAGNET
MAGNETIC FIELDS COIL
I. INTRODUCTION
The magnetic fields of various coils are plotted versus position as the
Magnetic Field Sensor is passed through the coils, guided by a track. The position
is recorded by a string attached to the Magnetic Field Sensor that passes over the
Rotary Motion Sensor pulley to a hanging mass.
It is particularly interesting to compare the field from Helmholtz coils at the
proper separation of the coil radius to the field from coils separated at less than or
more than the coil radius. The magnetic field inside a solenoid can be examined in
both the radial and axial directions.
II. EQUIPMENT
1 Helmholtz Coil Base EM-6715
2 Field Coil (2) EM-6711
1 Primary and Secondary Coils SE-8653
1 Patch Cords (set of 5) SE-9750
1 Patch Cords (set of 5) SE-9751
1 60 cm Optics Bench OS-8541
1 Dynamics Track Mount CI-6692
1 20 g hooked mass (Hooked Mass Set) SE-8759
2 Small Base and Support Rod (2) SE-9451
2 Optics Bench Rod Clamps (2) 648-06569
1 DC Power Supply SE-9720
1 Digital Multimeter SE-9786
1 Magnetic Field Sensor CI-6520A
1 Rotary Motion Sensor CI-6538
1 ScienceWorkshop 500 or 750 Interface CI-6400
1 DataStudio Software CI-6870

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R
x
R
x
R
R
III. BASIC THEORY
III.1 Single Coil
For a coil of wire having radius R and
N turns of wire, the magnetic field
along the perpendicular axis through
the center of the coil is given by
III.2 Two Coils
Figure 2: Two Coils with Arbitrary Separation
For Helmholtz coils, the coil separation
(d) equals the radius (R) of the coils. This
coil separation gives a uniform magnetic
field between the coils. Plugging in
x = 0 gives the magnetic field at a point on
the x-axis centered between the two coils:
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Arranging track already provided with coil and coil base buffer between track.
2. Arranging experimental tools appropriate with the experimental picture.
3. Calculate the strength of the magnetic field resulting by changing the input
voltage (0, 4, 8, 12, 16) V and record the resulting current in the table provided.
4. Draw a graph resulting from each experiment.
5. Repeating the experiments 1 till 4 with 2 coils experiment.
RR
d
x
B1B2
x

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V. ANALYSIS DATA
V.1 TABLE
a. Single Coil
V variable x constant 15 cm
V (Volt) I (ampere) B
0
4
8
12
16
b. Two coil
V variable x constant 15 cm
Seri
V (Volt) I (ampere) B
0
4
8
12
16
Parallel
V (Volt) I (ampere) B
0
4
8
12
16

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V.2. GRAPH
DataStudio Graph
V.3 ANALYSIS
For analysis data, write in your lab report what and how much different
with analysis of theory and analysis of practicum/experiment. Answer the
following question in your lab report:
1. How the different between voltage single coil through the magnet and
double/two coil?
2. At Data Studio graph, what happen with voltage when the coil enter, leave
and at the center of magnet?
VI. PRELIMINARY TASK
1. Explain about:
a. Oersted d. Stream g. Entanglement
b. Faraday e. Tension h. Jumper
c. Lorentz f. Coil
2. The working principle of the power supply?
3. the principle of working of analog and digital multimeter and the advantages
their respective?
4. The working principle of magnetic field sensors and sensor rotation
REFERENCES
Hanks, Ann. Year. Faraday Induction (PASPORT) EX-995. PASCO: United
States of America
“Good people not look from their rhetoric but what your act for around”
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
AxisTitle
Axis Title

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CHAPTER IV
WAVE
LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL WAVE
I. PURPOSE
a. Shows the stationary transverse wave on a string and longitudinal waves in
spring
b. Know the relation between wave propagation speed (v) with the rope tension
force (F).
c. Determining the rapid propagation of waves on a string.
II. EQUIPMENT
 Mechanical Driver, PASCO Model SF-9324 or WA-9753
 Function Generator with Amplifier, PASCO Model PI-9587A or PI-9598
 Support for the non-driven end of the spring.
 Physics (Braided) String SE-8050
III. BASIC THEORY
Under thedirection of vibrationwavescan be dividedinto 2types:
1. Transverse waves, iewavesthathas a vibration directionperpendicular to the
directionrambatannya.Example: waves on a string, belombangonthe surface
of thewater, light waves,
2. Longitudinal waves, iewaves thathas a vibration directionin the direction
oframbatannya, Example: waveinspring, sound waves
A stretched string has many natural modes of vibration (three examples
are shown below). If the string is fixed at both ends then there must be a node
(place of no amplitude) at each end and at least one anti-node (place of
maximum amplitude). It may vibrate as a single segment, in which case the
length (L) of the string is equal to 1/2 the wavelength () of the wave. It may
also vibrate in two segments with a node at each end and one node in the

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middle; then the wavelength is equal to the length of the string. It may also
vibrate with a larger integer number of segments. In every case, the length of
the string equals some integer number of half wavelengths.
If you drive a stretched string at an arbitrary frequency, you will
probably not see any particular mode: Many modes will be mixed together.
But, if the driving frequency, the tension and the length are adjusted correctly,
one vibrational mode will occur at much greater amplitude than the other
modes.
In this experiment, standing waves are set up in a stretched string by the
vibrations of an electrically-drive String Vibrator. The arrangement of the
apparatus is shown below. The tension in the string equals the weight of the
masses suspended over the pulley. You can alter the tension by changing the
masses. You can adjust the amplitude and frequency of the wave by adjusting
the output of the Sine Wave Generator, which powers the string vibrator.
L is the length of the vibrating part of the string and λ is the wavelength of the
wave. For the string shown above vibrating in 3 segments, λ= ⅔ L.
1
2 
3
2 1


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For any wave with wavelength  and frequency f, the speed of the wave, v, is
v = f (1)
In addition, the speed of a wave on a string is also given by
(2)
The linear density () is the mass per unit length of the string. The Tension (F) is applied by
the hanging a mass (m), and is equal to the weight (mg) of the hanging mass.
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Hook one end of the spring
through the hole in the banana
plug assembly.
2. Insert the banana plug on one
end of the spring into the drive
shaft of the Mechanical Driver.
3. Suspend the other end of the
spring from a ring stand or other
support such that the length of
the spring is between 30 and 60
cm. (It may be desirable to tape
the loop on the end of the spring
to the support so that it does not
move once resonance is
attained.)
4. Connect the Mechanical Driver to a function generator capable of driving
a speaker. (The PASCO PI-9587B Digital Function Generator/Amplifier is
excellent for this purpose.)
5. Start driving the Mechanical Driver at about 10 Hz with approximately 1
mm of amplitude and slowly increase the frequency. At various
frequencies it will be noted that certain parts of the spring seem to stand
still (nodes) while others oscillate rapidly (anti-nodes). As the frequency is
v F

---=

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increased the number of
nodes and anti-nodes will
increase and the distance
between them become
shorter. It may be
necessary to decrease the
driving amplitude when
resonant points are attained.
6. Graph the relation between the number of nodes and the driving
frequency. Change the length (thus the tension) of the spring and see if
different frequencies are required for the same number of nodes.
V. TABLE OF DATA
A. Longitudinal Wave
1. Constant voltage
Length of spring : 60 cm
Frequency (f)
Hz
Antinode
Speed of the wave (v)
m/s
30
40
50
60
2. Constant frequency : 60 Hz
Length of spring : 60 cm
Voltage Antinode
Speed of the wave (v)
m/s
1
2
3
4
5
.....

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B. Transverse Wave
1. Constant voltage: 10 V
Length of string : 100 cm
Frequency (f)
Hz
Antinode
Speed of the wave (v)
m/s
25
30
35
40
45
50
2. Constant frequency : 50 Hz
Length of string : 100 cm
Frequency (f)
Hz
Antinode
Speed of the wave (v)
m/s
5
6
7
8
9
VI. PRELIMINARY TASK
1. What ismeant bythe wavesandvibrations?
2. Explainthe differencebetweentransverse wavesandlongitudinal waves!
3. What is adeviation, amplitude, frequency, andperiod?
4. Explainthe relationshipbetweenperiodandfrequency!
5. Writein the form ofthe formula, the relationshipbetweenwavespeed,
wavelength, andfrequencyfor the objectthatthe medium vibrate!
6. Within4seconds there aretwoocean wavespassingwhenthe distancebetweenthe
top and bottomwaves6meters, what is the propagationof theoceanwaves?
REFERENCES
Hanks, Ann. Year. Faraday Induction (PASPORT) EX-995. PASCO.
CHAPTER V

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OPTIC
SNELL’S LAW
I. BASIC THEORY
WillebrordSnellius (1580–1626), the law was first accurately
described by the scientist Ibn Sahlat the Baghdad court in 984. In the
manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, Sahl used the law to derive lens
shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations.
Snell's law states that the ratio of the sine of the angles of incidence
and refraction is equivalent to the ratio of phase velocities in the two media, or
equivalent to the reciprocal of the ratio of the indices of refraction:
For light crossing the boundary between two transparent materials,
Snell’s Law states n1sin θ1 = n2sin θ2 where θ1 is the angle of incidence, θ2 is
the angle of refraction, and n1 and n2 are the respective indices of refraction of
the materials (see below).
VII. PROCEDURE

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1. Experiment 1: Reversibility
a. Equipment:
 Ray Table
 D-Shaped Lens
 Light Source
b. Purpose.
In Trial 1 of this experiment, you will determine the relationship
between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for light passing
from air into a more optically dense medium (the acrylic of the D-shaped
lens). In Trial 2, you will determine whether the same relationship holds
between the angles of incidence and refraction for light passing out of a
more optically dense medium back into air. That is to say, if the light is
traveling in the opposite direction through the lens, is the law of refraction
the same or different? By comparing the results of both trials, you will find
the answer to this question. In Figure below, notice that refraction occurs
only at the flat surface of the D-shaped lens, not at the curved surface.
c. Setup
1. Place the light source in ray-box mode on a flat tabletop. Turn the wheel
to select a single ray.
2. Put the ray table in front of the light source so the ray from the light
source crosses the exact center of the ray table.
3. Put the D-shaped lens on the ray table exactly centered in the marked
outline.
Record Data

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d. Trial 1
1. Turn the ray table so the incoming ray enters the lens through the flat
surface
2. Rotate the ray table to set the angle of incidence to each of the values
listed in the first column of Table For each angle of incidence (θi1),
observe the corresponding angle of refraction (θr1) and record it in the
second column of the table.
Trial 2
1. Copy all of the values in the second column to the third column of the
table. (In other words, the angles of refraction that you observe in Trial 1
will be the angles of incidence that you use in Trial 2.)
2. Turn the ray table so the incoming ray enters the lens through the curved
surface.
3. For the angles of incidence (θi2) that you wrote in the third column of the
table, observe the corresponding angles of refraction (θr2) and record them
in the fourth column
2. Experiment 2: Snell’s Law
a. Tool:
 Light Source
 Trapezoid from Ray Optics Kit

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 White paper
b. Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the index of refraction of
the acrylic trapezoid. For rays entering the trapezoid, you will measure the
angles of incidence and refraction and use Snell’s Law to calculate the index
of refraction.
c. Procedure
1. Place the light source in ray-box mode on a sheet of white paper. Turn the
wheel to select a single ray.
2. Place the trapezoid on the paper and position it so the ray passes through
the parallel sides as shown in Figure
3. Mark the position of the parallel surfaces of the trapezoid and trace the
incident and transmitted rays. Indicate the incoming and the outgoing rays
with arrows in the appropriate directions. Carefully mark where the rays
enter and leave the trapezoid.
4. Remove the trapezoid and draw a line on the paper connecting the points
where the rays entered and left the trapezoid. This line represents the ray
inside the trapezoid.
5. Choose either the point where the ray enters the trapezoid or the point
where the ray leaves the trapezoid. At this point, draw the normal to the
surface.
6. Measure the angle of incidence (θi) and the angle of refraction with a
protractor. Both of these angles should be measured from the normal.
Record the angles in the first row of Table below
7. On a new sheet of paper, repeat steps 2–6 with a different angle of
incidence. Repeat these steps again with a third angle of incidence. The
first two columns of Table below should now be filled.

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3. Experiment 3: Prisma
a. Tool:
 Light Source
 Trapezoid from Ray Optics Kit
 Blank white paper
b. Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to show how a prism separates
white light into its component colors and to show that different colors are
refracted at different angles through a prism.
c. Procedure
1. Place the light source in ray-box mode on a sheet of blank white paper.
Turn the wheel to select a single white ray.
2. Position the trapezoid as shown in Figure 2.2. The acute-angled end of
the trapezoid is used as a prism in this experiment. Keep the ray near the
point of the trapezoid for maximum transmission of the light.

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VIII. PRELIMINARY TASK
1. Explain about:
a. Dispertion
b. Reflection
c. Snell’s Law
d. Ibnu Sahl
e. Deviation Angle
f. Refraction
g. Convex lens
h. Concav lens
i. Prisma
j. Polikromatic rays
k. Monokromatic rays
2. Find the refraction index of lens if light coming from the angle 60 degrees
and have 50 degrees angle refraction!
3. Explain how a vapor on the highway is viewed when see from a distance!
4. A prism has a refracting angle of 60 ° is made of glass refractive index of
1.50. A beam of light comes on one side of the field prism with the angle
of incidence of 30 °. What size deviation angle.
REFERENCES
Geoffrey Clarion. Newton’s 2 Law. Pasco : United State Of America
“Be honestyandhopefully we willallbea reliabletechnocrats”