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1. Experiment no. 1
Title: To Study the Operation of a DSB Amplitude Modulator
Objectives:
 To generate amplitude modulated wave.
 To determine the percentage modulation.
Aim:
A1. At the end of the session the student will be able to plan for conducting a lab experiment
before doing the experiment.
A2. At the end of the session the student will be able to select suitable equipment, instruments
and components/materials.
A3. At the end of the session the student will be able to set and handle machines/equipment /
instruments with care & safety.
A4. At the end of the session the student will be able to demonstrate a newly acquired skill in
making a useful engineering using PDCA [Plan, Do, Check & Act] cycle.
A5. At the end of the session the student will be able to Plan & execute the problem solving and
other activities as a leader or a member of the team.
Inputs:
Equipment and components required: ACL01 trainer Kit, 20MHz CRO, power supply,
connecting wires and frequency counter.
General Instructions: You will plan for Experiment after self study of Theory given below,
before entering in the Lab.
Theory: Amplitude Modulation is defined as a process in which the amplitude of the carrier
wave c(t) is varied linearly with the instantaneous amplitude of the message signal m(t).The
standard form of an amplitude modulated (AM) wave is defined by
s(t) = 𝐴 𝑐 [1+𝐾𝑎m(t)cos2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡]
Where
𝐾𝑎 is a constant called the amplitude sensitivity of the modulator.

2. The demodulation circuit is used to recover the message signal from the incoming AM wave at
the receiver. An envelope detector is a simple and yet highly effective device that is well suited
for the demodulation of AM wave, for which the percentage modulation is less than
100%.Ideally, an envelope detector produces an output signal that follows the envelop of the
input signal wave form exactly; hence, the name. Some version of this circuit is used in almost
all commercial AM radio receivers.
The Modulation Index is defined as,
M =
𝐸 𝑚𝑎 𝑥−𝐸 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐸 𝑚𝑎 𝑥+𝐸 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Where Emax and Emin are the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated wave.
Block Diagram:
Fig.1. Block Diagram for AM Technique

3. Procedure:
1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1 .
2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Apply sinusoidal signal of 1 KHz frequency and amplitude 0.5 Vp-p as modulating
signal.
4. VCO: LEVEL about 1 Vp-p; frequency about 450 KHz, switchon 500 KHz.
5. Now change the amplitude of the modulating signal and note down values
of Emax and Emin.
5. Calculate modulation index using equation.
6. Repeat step 5 by varying frequency of the modulating signal.
7. Plot the graphs: Modulation index vs. Amplitude & Frequency
8. Vary the amplitude of the modulating signal and check the following three conditions:
modulation percentage lower then 100%, equal to 100% and less then 100%.
Waveforms and graphs:

4. Observation
Table1
𝒇 𝒎 = 𝟏𝑲𝑯𝒛, 𝒇 𝒄 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝑲𝑯𝒛, 𝑨 𝒄=1V(p-p)
Sr. no 𝑽 𝑴 𝐄 𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝐄 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝑴 %MX100
Table2
𝒇 𝒎 = 𝟏𝑲𝑯𝒛, 𝒇 𝒄 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑯𝒛, 𝑨 𝒄=1V(p-p)
Sr. no 𝑽 𝑴 𝐄 𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝐄 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝑴 %MX100
Do and Don’ts to be strictly observed during experiment:
Do’s :
1. Before making the connection, identify the components leads, terminal or pins before
making the connections.
2. Before connecting the power supply to the circuit, measure voltage by
voltmeter/multimeter.
3. Use sufficiently long connecting wires, rather than joining two or three small ones.
4. The circuit should be switched off before changing any connection.
Don’ts:
1. Avoid loose connections and short circuits on the bread board.
2. Do not exceed the voltage while taking the readings.
3. Any live terminal shouldn't be touched while supply is on.

5. Experiment no. 2
Title: To Study the Operation of a SSB modulation
Objectives:
 To study Single Side Band generation.
Aim:
A1. At the end of the session the student will be able to plan for conducting a lab experiment
before doing the experiment.
A2. At the end of the session the student will be able to select suitable equipment, instruments
and components/materials.
A3. At the end of the session the student will be able to set and handle machines/equipment /
instruments with care & safety.
A4. At the end of the session the student will be able to demonstrate a newly acquired skill in
making a useful engineering using PDCA [Plan, Do, Check & Act] cycle.
A5. At the end of the session the student will be able to Plan & execute the problem solving and
other activities as a leader or a member of the team.
Inputs:
Equipment and components required: ACL01 trainer Kit, 20MHz CRO, power supply,
connecting wires and frequency counter.
General Instructions: You will plan for Experiment after self study of Theory given below,
before entering in the Lab.
Theory: SSB is a much more efficient mode than AM since all of the transmitter's power goes
into transmitting useful intelligence. A SSB signal also occupies only about half the frequency
space of a comparable AM signal. However, SSB transmitters and receivers are far more
complicated than those for AM.
Consider the baseband message signal m(t) with the frequency spectrum M() shown in part (A)
of the fig.1. in the next page. Assuming that the signal m(t) is a real signal, the magnitude of its
spectrum is an even function and the phase of its spectrum is an odd function (so, the information

6. contained in the part of the spectrum with positive frequency is exactly the same as the
information contained in the part with negative frequency). The spectrum M() can be split into
two parts called M+() and M–() as shown in parts (B) and (C). and SSB signal is shown in
(E) and (F)
GDSBSC()
C
+2B

C
2B C
C
C
+2BC
2B
USBLSBLSBUSB
M()
+2B

2B CC
GUSB()
C+2B

CCC2B
USBUSB
GLSB()

C2B CC C+2B
LSBLSB
(A)
(D)
(E)
(F)
M+()
+2B

2B CC
M–()
+2B

2B CC
(C)
(B)
The equation for the USB and LSB is given in the following equations:
)sin()()cos()(
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
)sin()()cos()(
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
2
1
)(
ttmttm
etjmetmetjmetmtg
ttmttm
etjmetmetjmetmtg
ChC
tj
h
tjtj
h
tj
LSB
ChC
tj
h
tjtj
h
tj
USB
CCCC
CCCC










The most common envelope detector consists of a diode followed by a RC filter fig. 1 its
operation is analogous to one of the half wave rectifier, as the output voltage follows the

7. maximum values of the carrier. As the amplitude of the carrier is variable, by properly choosing
R and C, the output of the detector can be faithfully reproduce these variation.
Circuit Diagram:
Fig.1. Block Diagram for SSB AM Generation Technique
Procedure:
1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.3 .
2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Connect o/p of the function generator section ACL01 OUT post to the i/p of
balance modulator1 SIGNAL IN post.
4. Connect o/p of VCO (ACL01) OUT post to the i/p of balance modulator1 CARRIER
IN post.
5. Switch on the power supply and carry out the following presetting:

8. FUNCTION GENERATOR: sin level about 0.5 Vp-p; frequency 1 KHz. and VCO:
level about 2 Vp-p; frequency 850 KHz, switch on 1500KHz.
BALANCE MODULATOR1: CARRIER NULL completely rotates clockwise or
anticlockwise, so that the modulator is “unbalanced” and an AM signal with not
suppressed carrier is obtained across the output: adjust OUTLEVEL to obtain an AM
signal across the output whose amplitude is about 100m Vp-p.
6. Connect local oscillator OUT post to LO IN of the mixer section.
7. Connect balance modulator1 out to RF IN of the mixer section in ALC-02.
8. Connect mixer out to IF IN of first IF AMPLIFIER in ALC-02.
9. Connect IF OUT1 of 1st IF to IF IN 1 and IF OUT2 of 1st IF to IF N 2 of 2nd IF
AMPLIFIER.
10. Connect OUT post of 2nd IF amplifier to IN post of envelope detector.
11. Connect post AGC1 to post AGC2 and jumper as per diagram.
12. Observe the output as per given diagram.
Waveforms and graphs:
Fig.2. AM signal

9. Do and Don’ts to be strictly observed during experiment:
Do’s:
1. Before making the connection, identify the components leads, terminal or pins
before making the connections.
2. Before connecting the power supply to the circuit, measure voltage by
voltmeter/multimeter.
3. Use sufficiently long connecting wires, rather than joining two or three small
ones.
4. The circuit should be switched off before changing any connection.
Don’ts:
1. Avoid loose connections and short circuits on the bread board.
2. Do not exceed the voltage while taking the readings.
3. Any live terminal shouldn't be touched while supply is on.

10. Experiment 3
Objective: Study of Frequency Modulation using Varactor modulator
Aim:
A1. At the end of the session the student will be able to plan for conducting a lab experiment
before doing the experiment.
A2. At the end of the session the student will be able to select suitable equipment, instruments
and components/materials.
A3. At the end of the session the student will be able to set and handle machines/equipment /
instruments with care & safety.
A4. At the end of the session the student will be able to demonstrate a newly acquired skill in
making a useful engineering using PDCA [Plan, Do, Check & Act] cycle.
A5. At the end of the session the student will be able to Plan & execute the problem solving and
other activities as a leader or a member of the team.
Equipments Required:
1. ST2203 tech book with power supply cord
2. Oscilloscope with connecting probe
3. Patch Cords

11. Connection Diagram:
Procedure :
This experiment investigates how ST2203’s character modulator circuit performs frequency
modulation. This circuit modulates the frequency of a carrier sine wave, according to the audio
signal applied to its modulating input.
1. Ensure that the following initial conditions exist on the ST2202 board.
a. All Switched Faults in ‘Off’ condition.
b. Amplitude potentiometer (in mixer amplifier block) in fully clockwise position.
c. VCO switch (in phase locked loop detector block) in ‘Off’ position.
2. Make the connections as shown in figure

12. 3. Switch On the power.
4. Turn the audio oscillator block’s amplitude potentiometer to its fully clockwise position, and
examine the block’s output TP1 on an Oscilloscope. This is the audio frequency sine wave,
which will be used as our modulating signal. Note that the sine wave’s frequency can be adjusted
from about 300Hz to approximately 3.4 KHz, by adjusting the audio oscillator’s frequency
potentiometer. Note also that the amplitude of this modulating signal is adjusted by audio
oscillator amplitude potentiometer Leave the amplitude potentiometer in minimum position.
5. Connect the output socket of the audio oscillator block to the audio input socket of the
modulator circuit’s block.
6. Set the reactance / varactor switch to the varactor position. This switch selects the varactor
modulator and also disables the reactance modulator to prevent any interference between the two
circuits.
7. The output signal from the varactor modulator block appears at TP24 before being buffered
and amplified by the mixer/amplifier block, any capacitive loading (e.g. due to Oscilloscope
probe) may slightly affect the modulators output frequency. In order to avoid this problem we
monitor the buffered FM output signal the mixer / amplifier block at TP34.
8. Put the varactor modulator’s carrier frequency potentiometer in its midway position, and then
examine TP34. Note that it is a sine wave of approximately
1.2 Vpp, centered on 0V. This is our FM carrier, and it is un-modulated since the varactor
modulators audio input signal has zero amplitude
9. The amplitude of the FM carrier (at TP34) is adjustable by means of the mixer/amplifier
block’s amplitude potentiometer, from zero to its potentiometer level. Try turning this
potentiometer slowly anticlockwise, and note that the amplitude of the FM signal can be reduced
to zero. Return the amplitude potentiometer to its fully clockwise position.

13. 10. Try varying the carrier frequency potentiometer and observe the effects.
11. Also, see the effects of varying the amplitude and frequency potentiometer in the audio
oscillator block.
12. Turn the carrier frequency potentiometer in the charactor modulator block slowly clockwise
and note that in addition to the carrier frequency increasing there is a decrease in the amount of
frequency deviation that is present.
13. Return the carrier frequency potentiometer to its midway position, and monitor the audio
input (at TP6) and the FM output (at TP34) triggering the Oscilloscope on the audio input signal.
Turn the audio oscillator’s amplitude potentiometer throughout its range of adjustment, and note
that the amplitude of the FM output signal does not change. This is because the audio
information is contained entirely in the signals frequency and not in its amplitude.
14. By using the optional audio input module ST2108 the human voice can be used as the audio
modulating signal, instead of using ST2203’s audio oscillator block. If you have an audio input
module, connect the module’s output to the audio input socket in the modulator circuit’s block.
The input signal to the audio input module may be taken from an external microphone be
(supplied with the module) or from a cassette recorder, by choosing the appropriate switch
setting on the module. Consult the user manual for the audio input module, for further details.
Do and Don’ts to be strictly observed during experiment:
Do’s:
1. Before making the connection, identify the components leads, terminal or pins
before making the connections.
2. Before connecting the power supply to the circuit, measure voltage by
voltmeter/multimeter.
3. Use sufficiently long connecting wires, rather than joining two or three small
ones.
4. The circuit should be switched off before changing any connection.

14. Don’ts:
1. Avoid loose connections and short circuits on the bread board.
2. Do not exceed the voltage while taking the readings.
3. Any live terminal shouldn't be touched while supply is on.

15. Experiment 4
Objective: Study of Frequency Modulation Using Reactance Modulator
Equipments Required:
1. ST2203 techbook with power supply cord
2. Oscilloscope with connecting probe
3. Patch Cords
Connection Diagram:
Procedure :
This experiment investigates how ST2203's reactance modulator circuit performs frequency
modulation. This circuit modulates the frequency of a carrier sine wave, according to the audio
signal applied to its modulating output. To avoid unnecessary loading of monitored signals, X10
Oscilloscope probes should be used throughout this experiment.

16. 1. Ensure that the following initial conditions exist on the ST2203 Module.
a. All Switch Faults in ‘Off’ condition.
b. Amplitude potentiometer (in the mixer/amplifier block) in fully clockwise.
c. VCO switch (in phase-locked loop detector block) in ‘Off’ position.
2. Make the connections as shown in figure.
3. Turn on power to the ST2203 module
4. Turn the audio oscillator block's amplitude potentiometer to its fully clockwise
(Maximum) positions, and examines the block's output (TP1) on an Oscilloscope.
This is the audio frequency sine wave, which will be used as our modulating signal. Note that the
sine wave's frequency can be adjusted from about 300 Hz to approximately 3.4 KHz by adjusting
the audio oscillator's frequency potentiometer Note also that the amplitude of this audio
modulating signal can be reduced to zero, by turning the audio oscillator's amplitude
potentiometer to its fully counter clockwise position.
5. Connect the output socket of the audio oscillator block to the audio input socket of the
modulator circuit’s block, as shown in figure.
6. Put the reactance /varactor switch in the reactance position. This switches the output of the
reactance modulator through to the input of the mixer/amplifier block~ and also switches off the
varactor modulator block to avoid interference between the two modulators.
7. The output signal from the reactance modulator block appears at TP13, before being buffered
and amplified by the mixer/amplifier block. Although the output from the reactance modulator
block can be monitored directly at TP13, any capacitive loading affect this point (e.g. due to an
Oscilloscope probe) may slightly affect the modulator's output frequency. In order to avoid this
problem we will monitor the buffered FM output signal from the mixer/amplifier block at TP34.

17. 8. Put the reactance modulator's potentiometer in its midway position (arrow pointing towards
top of PCB) then examine TP34.
Note : that the monitored signal is a sine wave of approximately 1.2Vpp centered on 0 volts DC
This is our FM carrier, and it is presently un-modulated since the reactance modulator's audio
input signal has, zero amplitude.
9. The amplitude of the FM carrier (at TP34) is adjustable by means of the mixer/amplifier
block's amplitude potentiometer, from zero to its present level.
Try turning this potentiometer slowly anticlockwise, and note that the amplitude of the FM
signal can be reduced to zero. Return the amplitude potentiometer to its fully clockwise position.
10. The frequency of the FM carrier signal (at TP34) should be approximately 455
KHz at the moment. This carrier frequency can be varied from 453 KHz to 460
KHz (approximately) by adjusting the carrier frequency potentiometer in the reactance
modulator block. Turn this potentiometer over its range of adjustment and note that the
frequency of the monitored signal can be seen to vary slightly. Note also that the carrier
frequency is maximum when the potentiometer is in fully clockwise position.
11. Try varying the amplitude & frequency potentiometer in audio oscillators block, and also
sees the effect of varying the carrier frequency potentiometer in the mixer/amplifiers block.
12. Monitor the audio input (at TP6) and the FM output (at TP34) triggering the Oscilloscope on
the audio input signal. Turn the audio oscillator's amplitude potentiometer throughout its range
of adjustment and note that the amplitude of the FM output signal does not change. This is
because the audio information is contained entirely in the signal's frequency, and not in its
amplitude.
13. The complete circuit diagram for the reactance modulator is given at the end of operating
manual. If you wish, follow this circuit diagram and examine the test points in the reactance
modulator block, to make sure that you fully understand how the circuit is working.

18. 14. By using the optional audio input module, the human voice can be used as the audio
modulating signal, instead of using ST2203’s audio oscillator block. If you have an audio input
module, connect the module's output to the audio input socket in the modulator circuit’s block
The input signal to the audio input module may be taken from an external microphone (supplied
with the module), or from a cassette recorder, by choosing the appropriate switch setting on the
modules.
Do and Don’ts to be strictly observed during experiment:
Do’s:
1. Before making the connection, identify the components leads, terminal or pins
before making the connections.
2. Before connecting the power supply to the circuit, measure voltage by
voltmeter/multimeter.
3. Use sufficiently long connecting wires, rather than joining two or three small ones.
4. The circuit should be switched off before changing any connection.
Don’ts:
1. Avoid loose connections and short circuits on the bread board.
2. Do not exceed the voltage while taking the readings.
3. Any live terminal shouldn't be touched while supply is on.

19. Experiment 5
Objective:
To study the techniques of ASK Modulation:
Preparatory Information:
Amplitude Shift Keying is the type of modulation in which a carrier is used to represent
the digital data by its presence or absence.
In the following experiment a carrier sinewave of 1 MHz is being used to modulate the
data. The modulation is being achieved by using a 2:1 Analog Mux. The logic is
illustrated below in the figure shown below.
The sinewave Sin1 is applied to the I/P1 of the Mux and the other input I/P2 is to be
connected to the ground. The data is being fed to the control input. Depending on the
control input whether it is ‘0’ or ‘1’, the switch is opened or closed and the carrier is
latched to the output. Whenever the data is ‘1’, the I/P1 i.e., sin1 is being latched to the
output, and whenever the data is ‘0’, the I/p2 is latched to the output.

21. Experimental procedure:
1. -005 in stand-alone and prepare a list of waveforms that are observed
in DCLT-005
2 -CLOCK to the CODING CLOCK.
3. -DATA to the CONTROL INPUT of the modulator
4.Connect one channel of the scope to the S-Data and other to the control input.
5.Observe the control input w.r.t. the S-Data. If it is not matching with the S-Data
slightly adjust the potentiometer (P1).
6.Connect Sin1 to the Input –1 of the modulator. The amplitude of the sinewave can be
varied by means of the potentiometer (P4).
7.Connect GND to INPUT-2 of the modulator
8.Connect the scope to the CONTROL INUT test point and observe the modulated
OUTPUT w.r.t control input
Inference:
We observe that the ASK output resembles the AM signals waveforms. Only NRZ-L is used.
The performance characteristics of the AM signals and ASK signals are the same except for one
major difference i.e., in the case of AM, the modulating signal is acontinuous wave whereas in
ASK, the modulating signal is discrete in nature

22. Experiment 6
Objective:
To study the ASK Demodulation techniques
Preparatory Information:
Envelope Detectors built around diode rectifiers are normally used for ASK detection.
The figure shown below illustrates a ASK detector employing a diode detector.
The diode acts as a rectifier and can be considered an “ON” switch when the input voltage is
positive, allowing the capacitor C to charge up to the peak of the carrier input. During the
negative half of the input, the diode is “OFF”, but the capacitor holds the positive charge
previously received, so the output voltage remains at the peak positive value of carrier wave.
There will, in fact be some discharge of C, producing an RF ripple on the output
waveform, which must be filtered out. As the input voltage rises, the capacitor voltage has no
difficulty in following this, but during the downward swing, the capacitor may not discharge fast
enough, unless a discharge path is provided by a resistor. The resistor R does this job. The time
constant of the CR has load has to be short enough to allow the output voltage to follow the
modulation cycle, and yet long enough to maintain a relatively high output voltage. The
Threshold detector compares the envelope (which will contain some ripple) with the reference of
5V and switches to either “HIGH” or “LOW” state thereby recovering the original data from the
ASK wave.

24. Experimental Procedure:
Maintain the connections in the DCLT-005 as in the previous experiment.
Connect the ASK output to the ASK demodulator input in the DCLT-006
Connect the Scope to the ASK input and the other channel to the data output of the
ASK Demodulator.
Observations:
Observe the ASK modulated output and the modulating data in the two channels of the
oscilloscope. Also observe the “modulated carrier” at the input of “DCLT-006”. Observe the ASK
demodulated output at the DATA OUTPUT of the ASK Demodulator and compare the
Demodulated signal w.r.t to the control input.
Inference:
We infer that a very small time lag between the modulating data and the recovered data which
is less than one half of the carrier time period
.
Note: If ASK Demodulated Data is not proper gently tune trim pot P1 of DCLT-006

25. Experiment 7
Objective:
To study the aspects of Frequency Shift Keying Modulation
Preparatory Information:
In this type of modulation, the modulated output shifts between two frequencies for all‘one’ to
‘zero’ transitions The two carrier sine signals are generated by employing an oscillator built
around a PLL The two signals are set to individual frequencies of 1 MHz and 0.5MHz. The
modulator is a simple 2:1 Mux that latches one of these carriers to the output
depending on the control input. The control input is driven by the modulating data which is to be
keyed and the output FSK wave represents a Carrier of 1MHz for all 1’s and a Carrier of 0.5
MHz for all 0’s.
The logic is shown below.
Experimental Procedure:
Connect SIN1 to the INPUT-1 of the Modulator
Connect SIN2 to the INPUT-2 of the Modulator
Connect data to the control input of the Modulator
Connect the scope to the Control Input and the other channel to the Modulated output

26. Observations:
Observe the FSK Modulated output and the modulating data in the two channels of the
oscilloscope. Observe the incoming modulated carrier and recovered data with respect
to the modulating data.
Inference:`
Since the tracking ability and the time response of the PLL is limited, a small phase lag
exists between the recovered data and the modulating data.

28. Experiment 8
Objective:
To study the FSK Modulation techniques using Phase Locked Loop logic:
Preparatory Information:
FSK detectors are built around PLL logics. The phase detector output of the PLL directly
gives the FSK detected output provided at least one of the modulating frequency falls
within the lock range of PLL. Refer the fig below for the block diagram
A phase Locked Oscillator can be used to demodulate a frequency shift keyed signal. The
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in the above fig. is basically a frequency modulator and
oscillates at the center frequency when no signal is being received or when the modulation on the
received carrier is zero. signal in frequency, and the phase detector circuit puts out a zero signal.
When the incoming frequency rises because of modulation to fin+äf, the phase Comparator
output creates an output signal, which drives the VCO frequency up until it again matches the
fin, this time at fin+äf. The signal appearing at the input to the VCO us the sum of a fixed DC
bias plus the comparator output signal. Since the oscillator shifts to higher-frequency, and for
this to be true the input to it must be larger than the bias value, there must be an output from the
comparator when the oscillator is tracking This means that the oscillator must be out of phase
with the fin by an amount proportional to the deviation

30. Now if the modulation drives the received-signal frequency low, the oscillator will also be
forced to move low in frequency and the Comparator output will adjust itself to the value
necessary to produce this frequency. If the received signal frequency is varying in
accordance with a modulation signal, the value of the voltage at the input to the VCO will
vary about the bias value in accordance with the modulating signal.
The PLL center frequency and lock range are fixed around 1 M Hz.
A low pass filter at the output will remove the carrier components from the bias voltage,
leaving only the modulation signal.
Experimental procedure:
-005 in conjunction with DCLT 005
006)
OUTPUT
Observations:
Observe the FSK modulated output and the modulating data in the two channels of the
oscilloscope. Observe the incoming modulated carrier and recovered data with respect
to the modulating data.
Inference:
Since the tracking ability and the time response of the PLL is limited, a small phase lag
exists between the recovered data and the modulating data.
Note: If FSK Demodulated Data is not proper gently tune trim pot P5 (first) to your right
/left and tune P2 of DCLT-006