1. Frontal motion analysis of the knee during a bicycle pedal revolution: Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Department of Kinesiology & Health [Biomechanics Lab.] Thesis Defense “ A man should look for what is, and not for what he thinks should be!” - Albert Einstein

11. METHOD – TABLE 1:

19. RESULTS – Fig 13: SH100W for subject 3F07 Medial peak displacement 120°±30° Lateral peak displacement 270°±30°

20. RESULTS – Fig 14 : six trials of subject 3F07 Movement Pattern “ OVAL”

21. RESULTS – Fig 15 : six trials of subject 3F11 Movement Pattern “ SICKLE”

22. RESULTS – Fig 16 : six trials of subject 3M02 Movement Pattern “ LINEAR”

23. RESULTS – Fig 17 : six trials of subject 3M20 Movement Pattern “ SCATTERED”

24. RESULTS – Fig 18 : six trials of subject 2M17 Movement Pattern “ LINEAR”

25. RESULTS – Fig 19 : six trials of subject 1F10 Movement Pattern “ OVAL”

27. RESULTS – TABLE 2 :

28. RESULTS – TABLE 2 : cont.

31. RESULTS – TABLE 4 : Effect for d K Seathgt : p = 0.069 (NO significant effect) Resist : p = 0.011 (YES significant effect) Table 4: Tests of Within-Subjects Effects for d K Source Type of Test Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Seathgt Greenhouse-Geisser 402.925 1.545 260.720 3.159 .069 Resist Greenhouse-Geisser 224.932 1.000 224.932 7.933 .011 Seathgt * Resist Greenhouse-Geisser 55.097 1.899 29.016 1.513 .234 Error(Seathgt) Greenhouse-Geisser 2423.697 29.363 82.542 Error(Resist) Greenhouse-Geisser 538.756 19.000 28.356 Error(Seathgt*Resist) Greenhouse-Geisser 691.954 36.078 19.179

32. RESULTS – TABLE 4 : Effect for SDd K Seathgt : p = 0.045 (YES significant effect) Resist : p = 0.028 (YES significant effect) Table 7: Tests of Within-Subjects Effects for SDd K Source Type of Test Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Seathgt Greenhouse-Geisser 43.011 1.564 27.499 3.760 .045 Resist Greenhouse-Geisser 19.001 1.000 19.001 5.635 .028 Seathgt * Resist Greenhouse-Geisser 2.540 1.977 1.285 .589 .558 Error(Seathgt) Greenhouse-Geisser 217.336 29.718 7.313 Error(Resist) Greenhouse-Geisser 64.066 19.000 3.372 Error(Seathgt*Resist) Greenhouse-Geisser 81.864 37.563 2.179

34. RESULTS – TABLE 5 : Pairwise d K Based on estimated marginal means * The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. a Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni. Table 5: Pairwise Comparisons of Seat Height & Resistance for d K (I) Seathgt Or (I) Resist (J) Seathgt Or (J) Resist Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.(a) 95% Confidence Interval for Difference(a) Lower Bound Upper Bound Low Neut 1.779 1.603 .843 -2.429 5.988 High -2.679 2.213 .723 -8.488 3.130 Neut Low -1.779 1.603 .843 -5.988 2.429 High -4.458(*) 1.449 .019 -8.262 -.654 High Low 2.679 2.213 .723 -3.130 8.488 Neut 4.458(*) 1.449 .019 .654 8.262 100W 200W -2.738(*) .972 .011 -4.773 -.703 200W 100W 2.738(*) .972 .011 .703 4.773

35. RESULTS – TABLE 8 : Pairwise SDd K Based on estimated marginal means * The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. a Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni. Table 8: Pairwise Comparisons of Seat Height & Resistance for SDd K (I) Seathgt Or (I) Resist (J) Seathgt Or (J) Resist Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.(a) 95% Confidence Interval for Difference(a) Lower Bound Upper Bound Low Neut 0.543 0.470 0.786 -0.690 1.776 High -0.908 0.661 0.556 -2.643 0.826 Neut Low -0.543 0.470 0.786 -1.776 0.690 High -1.451(*) 0.448 0.013 -2.627 -0.275 High Low 0.908 0.661 0.556 -0.826 2.643 Neut -1.451(*) 0.448 0.013 0.275 2.627 100W 200W -0.796(*) 0.335 0.028 -1.498 -0.094 200W 100W 0.796(*) 0.335 0.028 0.094 1.498

38. RESULTS – TABLE 9 : General Linear Model for d Kmax Low100W < Low200W, High100W < High200W Neut100W < Neut200W , Therefore 3 rd hypothesis is true because there is a significant effect between the 100W and 200W grouping Table 9: Within-Subjects Factors for d Kmax Seathgt Resist Dependent Variable Mean Std. Deviation N Low 100Watts Low100W 36.14 13.371 20 200Watts Low200W 36.29 14.071 20 Neutral 100Watts Neut100W 28.83 9.478 20 200Watts Neut200W 37.23 15.827 20 High 100Watts High100W 41.85 21.757 20 200Watts High200W 42.20 13.343 20

43. THANK YOU!!!......QUESTIONS ???