PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ( INTERNET CONNECTIVITY PROBLEM IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS)

1. INTERNET
CONNECTIVITY
PROBLEM IN
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
BBV 10102 ELECTROMAGNETISM

2. OUR TEAM
Harisal Bin Anto
DB200050
Izzah Ilyana Binti Mohd
Radzdy
DB200110
Mohd Loqman
Hakim Bin Omar
DB200017
Nicholas AK
Vincent Scott
DB200014
Nur Natasha
Sapiee
DB200042
2

3. FILA TABLE
CONTENTS
PROBLEM
FINDING
OUTCOME
SOLUTIONS
OBJECTIVES
PROBLEM
ENCOUNTERED
POST-
ACTIONS PLAN
THEORETICAL
CONCLUSION

4. PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

5. PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
A customer has been lodged a complaint
regarding an issue of the internet connection
which is very poor and sometimes the
connection can be lost. Due to this reason, a
group of specialists has been assigned to
attend the matter and required to come out
with the flexible solution for the customer.

6. FILA TABLE

7. FILA TABLE
Facts Ideas Learning Issues Actions
The internet connectivity
problem has been lodged
by one of your company’s
customers
- Being in an area
with limited or no
internet connection
- Router is damaged
or placed far from
your device
- Lack of bandwidth
- Something glitches
and the router or
modem just stop
communicating.
What is the problem can
cause the internet
connectivity problem?
- Move device closer to
the router if there lots
of interface.
- Get a wifi range
extender to boost wifi
signal strength.
- Check whether there
are any connection
issues or service
outages in your area.
- Disconnect any
devices that you aren't
actively using.

8. OBJECTIVES

9. TO GENERATE
FLEXIBLE
SOLUTIONS OR
WI-FI
CONNECTIVITY
PROBLEM
OBJECTIVES
TO ANALYZE
THE WORKING
PRINCIPLE OF WI-
FI AND
ANTENNAS
TO IDENTIFY THE
WI-FI
CONNECTIVITY

10. THEORETICAL

11. ● WI-FI stands for “wireless fidelity”
● WI-FI was invented by NCR Corporation/ AT&T in Netherlands in 1991.
● WI-FI has been developed for mobile computing devices such as laptops,
but it is now extensively using for a mobile applications and consumer
electronics.
● WI-FI is one type of wireless technology.
● It is commonly called a wireless LAN (Local area network)
● WI-FI technology allows local area networks to operate without cable and
wiring
INTRODUCTION TO WI-FI

12. WI-FI TECHNOLOGY WORKING PRINCIPLE
● WI-FI is a high-speed internet connection
and network connection without the use of
any cables or wires.
● The wireless network is operating three
essential elements that are radio signal,
antenna, and router

13. WIRELESS ROUTER
● This device is mainly used by the providers of internet service to
connect their internet cable. Sometimes, it is also called a WLAN
device (wireless local area network). A wireless network is also named
a Wi-Fi network
● The main function of this router is to unite the network functions of a
router and a wireless access point. Similar to a network based on
wire, the hub is a middle location where all the computers are
connected to it for providing network access to computers. At
present, the wireless hubs which are available will work like routers
but these are gateways.

14. WI-FI TECHNOLOGIES
Wi-Fi-802.11a Is one of a series of wireless technology. That defines the format and structure of the
radio signals sent out by WI-FI networking routers and antennas
Wi-Fi-802.11b 802.11b is one of a series of wireless technology. 802. 11b support bandwidth 11mbps. The
signal in the unregulated frequency spectrum around 2.4 GHz.
Wi-Fi-802.11g In 2002 and 2003, This Technology supporting newer slandered products. It is the best
technology of 802.11a and 802.11b. The 802.11 b support bandwidth up to 54mbps and it
use a 2.4 GHz frequency for greater range. This cost is more than 802.11b. It is fast
accessing and maximum speed
Wi-Fi-802.11n The 802.11n is the newest WIFI technology. It was designed to improve on 802. 11g.The
amount of bandwidth supported by utilizing multiple wireless signals and antennas
instead of one. It supports 100 Mbps bandwidth and increased signal intensity.

15. ELEMENTS OF WI-FI
WIRELESS ACCESS
POINT
WI-FI CARDS SAFEGUARDS
● The function of the wireless
access point in the network is
similar to the function of an
amplifier within a home stereo.
● These cards allow the wireless
signal as well as the
information of the relay that
can be internal or external. Wi-
Fi cards are also known as
adapter.
● Firewalls as well as protect
networks like antivirus
software’s from uninvited
users and keeps the
information secure

16. ANTENNA WORKING PRINCIPLE
● Like all radio waves at RF, any obstruction between the transmitting and receiving antennas will
attenuate/reflect/diffract the signal, just like the light that the eye senses.
● Wi-Fi utilizes line of sight (LOS) propagation it is imperative that the optimum signal strength is available to the
receiver from the transmitting antenna.
● Since Wi-Fi transmits in free space, it has the same properties as a non-switched ethernet network. Even collisions can
therefore appear as in non-switched ethernet LAN's.
● Channel numbers are standardized by frequency throughout the world, so authorized frequencies can be
identified by channel numbers.
● Wi-Fi networks have limited range depending on the network topology

17. PROBLEM FINDINGS

18. PROBLEM
FINDINGS
Wi-Fi Signal
Strength
Wi-Fi
Limitations
Range is
limited
Interference
from other
devices
Type of
antenna
Indoor or outdoor
placement
Height above
ground
Nearby
obstructions
Other
electronic
devices
Atmospheric
conditions
Operating radio
frequency
Power output
of devices
Receive strength
of the card you are
transmitting

19. OUTCOME SOLUTIONS

20. A. DETERMINING FACTORS
The client can improve the internet range with antenna choice and also by choosing line-of sight,
directional antennas.
The amount of gain required will depend on:
i. WLAN environment
ii. Distance between APs and clients
iii. AP output power/receiver sensitivity

21. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
i.2.4GHz 2dBi External Antenna Range
The small black stick like antennas that simply screw into
the back of router. Perfect for home/small office‟
installations. One antenna may be required on every
computer, but the signal will not travel outside your
building.

22. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
ii.2.4GHz High Gain External Antenna range
Eliminate cables inside office with an efficient wireless card
and a high gain antenna from this range. These higher gain
antennas result in an increased network speed (i.e.,
bandwidth).

23. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
iii.GHZ Panel Antenna range
These are small, discreet directional antennas with excellent
gain. Strongly recommended for point to point, or multipoint
systems due to the ease and speed of install in locations
where covertness is desired.

24. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
iv.GHZ Yagi Grid
Used to extend range (miles) to a specific point in a system.
Not to recommend these unless the panel antenna‟s range
has failed in a system to a certain location.

25. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
v.GHZ Omni (White Fiberglass Pole Type)
Range
“Base” antennas used for Point-to-MultiPoint systems. An
Omni-Directional antenna would serve as main antenna to
distribute the signal to other computers. User can choose
two Omni-Directional antennas for a point-to-point system.

26. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
vi.GHZ Parabolic Dish & Dish range
This is for clients who really need to power up the gain!
However, it is need to consider that also must decrease the
radiation pattern when you do this so only use for long point
to point systems.

27. B. ANTENNA SELECTIONS
vi i.2.4ghz Magnetic Mount Antenna
Used for quick convenient installations – mobile installs
mainly.

28. POST-ACTIONS PLAN

29. POST-ACTIONS PLAN
● Monthly check-up on the internet
connection (6 months) for free.
● Maintenance service free for 2
years.
● Router Warranty for a year
● Antenna warranty for a year
● Updating the clients on upgrading
promotional from time to time.

30. MONTHLY MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR 6 MONTHS
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
HARISAL
NICHOLAS
LOQMAN
NATASHA
IZZAH

31. ESTIMATED COST
ESTIMATED COST
ITEM RM
ANTENNA COST RM900
LABOUR FEE + TAX 10%
TOTAL RM990

32. CONCLUSION
Wi-Fi has become crucial in our lives from personal chores to
security, almost everything we integrated with Wi-Fi. For this reason
it is important for us to know the basic principle of Wi-Fi and how it
works. Because we are living in technology era and it is evolving.
Though it gives us benefits but do not forget that there is also
disadvantage in using Wi-Fi for instance security bridge. If we are
not taking precautions our personal details are at risks and be
accessible to internet theft.

33. THANK YOU!