Heat and Temperature

2. Using a 1. _____, you can split up white light to form a spectrum. It is a block of glass
with a triangular cross-section. The light waves are 2. _____ as they enter and leave the
prism. The shorter the wavelength of light, the 3. ____ its frequency and the longer the
wavelength, the 4. _____ its frequency. The colors are arranged in the order from
longest wavelength: 5. ______, 6. ________, 7. _______, 8. _______, 9. _____ indigo and
violet. Thus, when it comes to light waves, 10. _____ has the highest energy color while
red has the lowest energy color.

4. 1. Distinguish between heat and
temperature;
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3. Explain how temperature is
measured;
2. Distinguish between heat and
temperature;
4. Compare the three common
temperature scales
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02 04

8. Heat (symbol: Q) is energy. It is the
total amount of energy (both kinetic
and potential) possessed by the
molecules in a piece of matter. Heat
is measured in Joules.

9. Temperature (symbol: T) is not energy. It relates to
the average (kinetic) energy of microscopic motions
of a single particle in the system per degree of
freedom. It is measured in Kelvin (K), Celsius (C) or
Fahrenheit (F).

11. A thermometer is a device that
measures temperature or a
temperature gradient (the degree of
hotness or coldness of an object).

12. Temperature Scales
Celsius
Kelvin
Fahrenheit

13. Kelvin is an absolute scale. It starts
at absolute zero and its values are
not followed by degree symbols.

14. Both Fahrenheit and Celsius are
relative scales. You report Fahrenheit
and Celsius temperatures using the
degree symbol.

15. Temperature conversion Formula
Kelvin to Celsius: C = K - 273
Kelvin to Fahrenheit: F = 1.8(K - 273) + 32
Celsius to Fahrenheit: F = 1.8(C) + 32
Celsius to Kelvin: K = C + 273
Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F - 32)/1.8
Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = 0.56(F - 32) + 273

21. Heat is produced from molecules of
matter that continuously vibrate.

23. Fusion or melting is the
process that causes a solid to
change to its liquid state. The amount
of heat
required to produce this change is
called heat of fusion.

24. When liquids release heat,
the water molecules begin to move at
a slower pace. The space between
the molecules becomes compact. The
process of changing liquids to solids
is called solidification or freezing.

25. When water boils, evaporation takes
place. Heat is absorbed and water is
converted into steam or water vapor.
The amount of heat needed for a
liquid to evaporate depends on the
boiling point of the liquid.

26. When water boils, evaporation takes
place. Heat is absorbed and water is
converted into steam or water vapor.
The amount of heat needed for a
liquid to evaporate depends on the
boiling point of the liquid.

28. As the thermal energy of a substance
increases, the particles spread out
and the substance expands. This is
known as thermal expansion.

30. The heat capacity of a body is the
quantity of heat necessary to raise its
temperature by 1 ºC.

31. The specific heat is the amount of
heat necessary to raise the
temperature of
one gram of a substance by one
degree Celsius.