1. KARACHI PORT TRUST :
BUCKET.DREDGER AFTAB (B.D Aftab)
Submitted By:
Hafiz Khalil Ahmed Siddiqui
Roll No: E-02-34
Moiz Siddiqui
Roll No: E-02-64
D.A.E Mechanical (Dies & Mould)
Pak Swiss Training Center, Karachi (PCSIR)
Submitted To:
This Report is submitted to Karachi Port Trust (KPT).
Submitted On:

2. 29th August 2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
We, Hafiz Khalil Ahmed Siddiqui & Moiz Siddiqui, student of
D.A.E Mechanical (Dies & Mold) at Pak Swiss Training Center
(PCSIR) take the privilege of thanking our respectful Chief
Engineer Mr. Babar for his guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the
Internship and also for his support in completing the Internship.
Without his guidance, this report cannot be possible.

3. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL:
To,
Chief Engineer,
B.D Aftab,
Karachi Port Trust (KPT),
Karachi.
29th August 2014
To Whom It May Concern:
Respected Sir,
With reference to your letter and as the part of the requirement
for the Internship on the Bucket.Dredger Aftab at Karachi Port
Trust (KPT) asking to write a report on the basis of observation.
I am pleased to inform you that the task you gave me to make a
report on the topic is now completed and submitted to you. I am
sure that the report will answer your all questions as per your
requirement and serve you as a guide.
I will be grateful if you please let me know your remarks on the
report.
If you have any questions or suggestion about the report, I
would be happy to oblige for any further classification.
Yours Respectfully,
Hafiz Khalil Ahmed Siddiqui
Moiz Siddiqui

4. Pak Swiss Training Center (PCSIR)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No. Topics Page No.
1. Introduction
2. Diesel Engine
3. Types of Engine
4. Compressor
5. Hydro-fore Tank
6. Bildge Ballast Pump
7. Quality of Diesel Tank
8. Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION:
The bucket dredger is one of the mechanical dredgers. A bucket
dredger is a stationary dredger that is equipped with a continuous
chain of buckets, which are carried through a structure, the ladder.
This ladder is mounted in a U-shaped pontoon. The drive of the
bucket chain is on the upper side. The bucket dredger is anchored
on six anchors. During dredging, the dredger swings round the bow
anchor by taking in or paying out the winches on board. The
buckets, which are filled on the underside, are emptied on the
upper side by tipping their contents into a chute along which the
dredged material can slide into the barges moored alongside. The
chain is driven by the so called upper tumbler at top of ladder
frame, which is connected either via a belt to the diesel or directly
to an electro motor or hydro-motor. Since 1960, bucket dredgers
( also called bucket line dredge(r) or bucket chain dredger that
were much used before the Second World War, have been almost
entirely replaced by Backhoe dredgers or trailing suction hopper
dredgers and cutter suction dredgers. The reason for this is that the
bucket dredger, with its six anchors, is a big obstacle to shipping.
Moreover maintenance costs are high and the bucket dredger
requires many highly skilled operatives. But above all, their
production has not kept pace with the increase in scale that has
taken place in the suction dredgers.

6. DEISEL ENGINE:
Rudolf Diesel, was the first inventor of diesel engine. The diesel
engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine) is an
internal combustion engine that uses the heat compression to
initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the
combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines
such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a
gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which use a spark plug to
ignite an air-fuel mixture.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any
standard internal or external combustion engine due to its very
high compression ratio. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships
and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively
unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.
Diesel engines are manufactured in two-stroke and four-stroke
versions. They were originally used as a more efficient
replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they
have been used in submarines and ships.

7. TYPES OF DIESEL ENGIN E:
Mainly, their are three types of engine, which are currently used in
B.D Aftab and are as follows:
1. M.A.N Engine + Generator.
2. Auxiliary Engine + Generator.
3. Harbor Engine + Generator.
M.A.N Engine:
· Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm): 2950*1330*2100
· Cylinders: 6
· Engine: 4 Stroke
· Engine Position: Inboard
· Engine Capacity: > 6L
· Fuel Type: Diesel
MAN 6L20/27 marine engine
Bore*stroke 200*270mm
Cylinders: L6
Power: 450/750 kw/rpm

8. AUXILIARY Engine:
Cylinders and arrangement: 6 cylinders in-line
Operation mode: water cooled 4-stroke diesel engine
with exhaust turbocharger and intercooler
Number of valves: 2 valves per cylinder
Fuel system: Direct injection
Bosch injection pump
Engine block: High-strength casting with integrated oil and water
ducts
and replaceable cylinder liners
Engine lubrication: Closed system with forced feeding, oil
cooling and filtering
Type of cooling: Seawater cooled heat exchanger
Power: 108/1500 Hp/rpm

9. HARBOR Engine:
Cylinders and arrangement: 6 cylinders in-line
Operation mode: water cooled 4-stroke diesel engine
with exhaust turbocharger and intercooler
Number of valves: 2 valves per cylinder
Fuel system: Direct injection
Bosch injection pump
Engine block: High-strength casting with integrated oil and water
ducts
and replaceable cylinder liners
Engine lubrication: Closed system with forced feeding, oil
cooling and filtering
Type of cooling: Seawater cooled heat exchanger
Power: 57 Hp

10. AIR COMPRESSOR:
An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from
an electric motor, a diesel engine or a gasoline engine) into kinetic
energy by compressing and pressurizing air, which, on command,
can be released in quick bursts. There are numerous methods of air
compression, divided into either positive-displacement or negative-displacement
types
Hatlapa supplies air-cooled, water-cooled and screw compressors
for starting air, service air and control air. Every compressor is put
through its paces on a modern test bench, and all well known
classification societies are present on a regular basis to carry out
testing procedures.
Air-cooled, 2 and 3 staged compressors of compact design with 2
to 4 cylinders and a capacity of up to 400 m³/h at a final pressure
of 40 bar.

11. HYDROFOR TANK:
It is used to maintain the pressure of the water supplied to the
different parts of the ship at various heights to keep the constant
presser of water in all lines and at all floors of the ship.
There are two hydro-fore systems used on board:
Fresh water hydro-fore system
Sanitary hydro-fore system
A hydro-fore (pronounced as hi-dro-fore) is an instrument for
obtaining samples of water (as in a river, lake, or ocean) from any
desired depth'.
A hydro-fore system is used in tall buildings and marine
environments to pump, store and supply fresh or grey water. Such
a system will consist of one or more chambers with valves, sensors
and pipework.
Often under pressure and in combination with a calorifier, hydro-fore
chambers can provide hot or cold fresh or sea water to a ship
in a controlled manner, and provide additional regulatory
measures, such as temperature and pressure control.

12. BILDGE BALLAST PUMP:
A bilge pump is a water pump used to remove bildge water. Since
fuel can be present in the bilge, electric bilge pumps are designed
to not cause sparks. Electric bilge pumps are often fitted with float
switcher which turn on the pump when the bilge fills to a set level.
Since bildge pumps can fail, use of a backup pump is often
advised. The primary pump is normally located at the lowest point
of the bilge, while the secondary pump would be located somewhat
higher. This ensures that the secondary pump activates only when
the primary pump is overwhelmed or fails, and keeps the
secondary pump free of the debris in the bilge that tends to clog the
primary pump.
The bilge main is arranged to drain any watertight compartment
other than ballast, oil or water tanks and to discharge the contents
overboard. The number of pumps and their capacity depend upon
the size, type and service of the vessel. All bilge suctions must be
fitted with suitable strainers, which in the machinery space would
be mud boxes positioned at floor plate level for easy access. A
vertical drop pipe would lead down to the bilge.
The emergency bilge suction or bilge injection valve is used to
prevent flooding of the ship. It is a direct suction from the
machinery space bilge which is connected to the largest capacity
pump or pumps. An emergency bilge pump is required for

13. passenger ships but may also be fitted as an extra on cargo ships. It
must be a completely independent unit capable of operating even if
submerged.
DIESEL SERVICE TANK:
Our aim to provide our client good quality product and long life
diesel tanks and fuel reserve tank.
Our engineer and technical staffs check in every step diesel tank
and fuel reserve tank progress so the chances of leak is impossible.
We give the diesel tank hydro testing system and UV light testing
system we understand the important of our client and our product.
We give the fuel tank sun blasting paint and before use it we clean
all kind rust and water and some thing else in the diesel tank.
According to the client requirement we are manufacturing diesel
tank and fuel reserve tank that help good and long relationship
between our clients.
We give the diesel and fuel reserve tank to show the how many
level of diesel and fuel available in the tank. We done our diesel
tanks Calibration process so help the measure fuel in the tank.

14. CONCLUSION:
Now, I conclude my report. In my report, I have explained about
Bucket Dredger Aftab (B.D Aftab) and some functions of Engine
Room.
Here, we have observed that their are 4 Engines & generator in the
Engine room. Two are M.A.N Engine and the other two are
Auxiliary and Harbor Engine. The main purpose of the engine is to
generate electricity so that the B.D Aftab, which was manufactured
for a certain purpose can be easily done. It was designed for
dredging and to maintain the sea level.
Secondary operations are also done on B.D Aftab for the better
goods of the crew of the ship. Some process which came under
observations are Air Compressor, Hydro-fore Tank, Bildge Ballast
Pump, Diesel Service Tank, Water Filtration Plant, Sewage
Treatment Plant, Main AC Plant, Box Cooler etc.