Seminar presentation about six stroke engine

1. SEMINAR
ON
SIX STROKE ENGINE
Submitted by
DINIL .KP
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
S5
Roll no:19

2. CONTENTS
 ENGINE
 COMPONENTS
 2 STROKE ENGINE
 4STROKE ENGINE
 6 STROKE ENGINE
 CONCEPT AND WORKING OF 6 STROKE ENGINE
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 MODIFICATION REQUIRED
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
ENGINE
“Engine” originally a term for any mechanical device that converts force into motion .
An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy in to mechanical energy .
TYPES
• Internal combustion engine
• External combustion engine

4. TWO STROKE ENGINE
 Intake and crankcase
 Power and exhaust

5. FOUR STROKE ENGINE
 Intake
 Compression
 Power
 Exhaust

6. SIX STROKE ENGINE
The concept of six stroke engine developed in mid 20th century when pollution
due to conventional IC engine increased .
The six stroke engine “Using water” was developed by Brush crower in 2006
and he patented his product at the end of 2007.
The working principle of six stroke engine is based on the concept of four
stroke engine but with some modification , another two strokes were added .
1.secondary power stroke
2.secondary exhaust stroke

7. SUCTION STROKE
The piston moves from top dead center to the
Bottom dead center and creates vacuum pressure .
So the Air and fuel mixture is sucked in to the
Cylinder.

8. COMPRESSION STROKE
The piston moves from
Bottom dead center to top dead
center and compresses the
Mixture. The mixture is compressed
To high temperature and pressure.
POWER STROKE:
At the end of compression
stroke the fuel is ignited and
burnt. The pressure inside the
cylinder increases rapidly and
it pusses the piston down and
the power is transmitted from
piston to wheel.

9. EXHAUST STROKE:
The Burnt product is
pushed through the exhaust
valve by the upward movement
of the piston.
SECONDARY POWER STROKE:
At the end of the exhaust
stroke the cylinder temperature
becomes around 900-10000 C. At
this stage water is injected by an
Injector in the form of fine droplets.
The water turns in to vapour
increasing volume around 1600
times when it comes in contact
with the superheated cylinder.

10. The water turns into vapour
increasing volume around
1600 times when it comes in
contact with the superheated
cylinder.
SECONDARY EXHAUST STROKE:
In this stroke the water vapour
is exhausted by the upward
motion of the piston.

11. ENGINE COMPONENTS
• Ignition system
• Spark plug
• Fuel injector
• Fuel system
• Carburettor
• Fuel pumps
• Valves
• Cooling systems
• Cylinder
• Piston
• Crank shaft
• Fly wheels
• Governor

12. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 The first four stoke are the same as a four stroke internal combustion
engine.
 After the exhaust stroke , instead of air fuel mixture (as in case of petrol
engines),fresh air/water is sucked into the cylinder from the filter and is
removed during the sixth stroke.

13. ADVANTAGES:
 Uses rejected heat from engine
 Fuel economy increases to 60% of conventional engine
 Power output per stroke is more
 High thermal Efficiency
 Dramatic reduction in pollution(up to 65%)
 Higher overall efficiency
 Lower engine temperature &noise level
 Due to more air intake ,the cooling system is improved

14. DISADVANTAGES :
 Early engine starting problem:
As the engine is not sufficiently hot at the starting the water injection stroke
cannot be taken place. So a prime mover is used to run the engine for some
cycle and after heating of the cylinder it is cut out.
 Running problem in cold region:
As the temperature in cold region is low there might be problem in case of
water injection stroke as the cylinder temperature is low.
 Requirement of neutral water:
As the steam is generated in 2
0
power stroke, if the water is not neutralized it
may react with the cylinder wall and with the piston top which results
cavitation and distortion of the metal. It causes the uneven heat transfer
between the water droplets and the cylinder wall which may decrease the
performance of the engine. And it is difficult to carry neutral water all the
times.
 Brake power &indicated power per cycle per cylinder is comparatively lesser
 Engine size increase due to many number of cylinders & additional components

15. COMPARISON
 Lower maintenance costs due to less wearing parts (cylinder head )
 Longer service intervals possible due to lower operating temperatures record
 Increase in thermal efficiency

16. APPLICATIONS
Motorboats might offer a big outlet for this type of engine . Their characteristics
are perfectly suited to is use .Further more ,the use of fuels other than gasoline would
greatly reduce the risks of explosion using non-fossil fuels of vegetable origin ,natural
gases and others .
Motor pumps ,generator sets ,stationary engines , etc…intended for agriculture and
industry ,automobiles . Heavy goods ,construction sites and farm vehicles .

17. MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED
FUELTANK:
 The fuel tank should divided into two parts, as one part will contain fuel and the other part
will contain water.
 The water used should be neutral and distilled.
ENGINE COMPONENTS MATERIAL
The engine components like piston, cylinder , cam, crank, valves etc. are subjected
to severe thermal stress. The thermal stress developed due to the injection of water into the very
hot cylinder. The rapid temperature changes may cause micro crack and fractures in the engine
components as the periodical compression and expansion takes place.
So the engine components should be designed with high thermal resistive metal
alloys to withstand the stress and prevent failure of engine.
The materials that can be used are…
Silicon Nitride(Si3N4)
Silicon Carbide(SiC)
Zirconia(ZrO2)
Alumina-Tungsten alloy etc.

18. CAM-SHAFT DESIGN AND VALVE TIMING
The valve control of the 6-stroke engine can be done in two ways.
 by mechanically cam controlled
 by solenoid valve controlled.
The mechanically cam controlled valve is based on the four stroke design.
In four stroke original angular speed of camshaft is one half of the crankshaft. The
crankshaft rotates once for every two revolution of the crank shaft.

19. The camshaft of 6-stroke engine contains three cams.
 Intake cam
 Exhaust cam
 Water injector cam

20. Water Injection:
The water injection is done by the help of water injector which is operated by
the cam. This thing can be done more effectively by the use of
Water metering pump or by the progressive cavity pump.
 Water metering Pump:
A positive displacement pump capable of driving a fixed quantity of water
into the cylinder at regular intervals, independent of the back pressure applied.

21. CONCLUSION
Six stroke engine has many advantages like high thermal efficiency, low fuel
consumption, high break mean effective pressure, low emission. However drawbacks like initial
starting problem, availability of water are also associated. The starting problem Can be eliminated
by using heater or glow plug and coupling a dc motor as prime mover to the engine. Now a days
research and experiments are going on to modify the engine further and to make it for practical
purpose.

22. REFERENCES :
 15th International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, 29-31 May,
2012,report by M. M. Gasim, L. G. Chui and K. A. Bin Anwar
 Project report on Six stroke engine, Calvin College, ENGR 340
 Thermodynamic analysis testing and validation of six stroke engine Report,
University of Northern Ireland.
 Conklina J. C. and Szybist J. P., "A Highly Efficient Six-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine
Cycle with Water Injection for In-Cylinder Exhaust Heat Recovery", Energy, Volume 35, Issue
4, pp. 1658-1664 (2010).
 Andrew De Jong, team 6 stroke, https://knightvision.calvin.edu (accessed14/2/2012).

23. THANK YOU