13. بالینی سیگنالهای
2-بیمار جنسیتSex
Males more!
Dog – cat ^^
Sick Sinus Syndrome in female Min. Schnauzer
PDA in females of small breed dogs
Male Cocker Spaniels (Chronic MVI)
Male Large Breeds (DCM)
50. 2) Dyspnea, Tachypnea &
Respiratory Distress بیماریهای بالینی های نشانه بررسیقلبی
> The most common cause of coughing in dogs
with murmurs is RESPIRATORY DISAESE.
> Coughing is not caused by pulmonary edema
unless the dog or cat is also TACHYPNEIC or
DYSPNEIC.
77. • Cardiovascular Syncope
• Cough Syncope
• Exertional Syncope
• CVS is a brief loss of consciousness (from a few seconds to a few minutes), that is
characterized by rapid onset and spontaneous recovery.
• Sudden loss in cerebral perfusion caused to unconciousness.
• Loss of Postural tonus
• Recovery in 30’’
Cardiology
Neurology
8) Syncope (fainting) قلبی بیماریهای بالینی های نشانه بررسی
Metabolic Endocrinopathy
Work-up
78. • Low COP (DCM)
• Severe BC (AVB3,SSS)
• Sustained TC/Tachyarrhythmia
• HOCM (Cat)
• SAS, PS
• Advanced-Severe MR cases when
cughing or excitement etc.
• TF (RL shunting)
• Rx: Hypotensives , Vasodilators
• Pulmonary hyptertenaion (PAH)
Syncope (fainting) قلبی بیماریهای بالینی های نشانه بررسی
95. Capillaries فیزیکی معاینهبیمار–عروق معاینه
معاینه های محل
• Sclera
• Mouth,
• Vulva, Prepuce
CRT < 2’
• SPT: Filiform
• Congstion (Hyperemic)
رنگ
• Pinky, Pale, Pallor, Cyanotic,
injected mocus, Hyperemic
• Petechiation, Ecchymosis
Jaundice/Icterus flowchart
Jaundice is a most unusual finding with heart disease, occurring
most commonly in Heartworm-infected dogs with vena caval
syndrome.
Ecchymotic hemorrhages in the skin
or mucous membranes occur with severe polycythemia
but are more typical of a systemic vasculitis or coagulopathy.
Petechiae are observed most commonly with
thrombocytopenia but are occasionally noted with
Infective endocarditis.
99. Femoral Artery
Pulsation types فیزیکی معاینهبیمار–عروق معاینه
Pulse
Deficit
dogs: Bacterial endocarditis of MV/AV, Hyperadrenocortisism & PLN (Amyloidosis)
CKCS with chronic MVD sometimes lack a pulse for unknown reasons.
FATE, Cardiomyopathy, Bacterial endocarditis or extra cardiac disease.
Hypokinetic
(weak)
CHF, Hypovolemia, SAS.
Hyperkinetic
(strong)
PDA, AR, B-B shot or water-hammer pulses. Fear, fever, BC, thyrotoxicosis and Anemia
Jerky/Abrupt
Pulse
A greater volume of blood is ejected in early systole in MVD/VSD
Pulsus Alternans The pulse is alternately weak and then strong in DCM
Pulsus bigeminus Week pulses alternate with strong pulses. Arrhythmias (VPCs bigeminy)
Palsus
Paradoxus
Alteration of pulse strength during respiration changes to ventricular filling (Cardiac Tamponade)
Erratic pulse AFib
100. Percussion فیزیکی معاینهبیمار–دقه
Determine fluid line in the thorax
Hyerresonance
Hyporesonance
Hollow sound over the lungs,
pneumothorax.
Dull sound over the solid structures,
pleural effusion.
خالی تو صدای
توپر صدای
108. چپ
Pulmonic v.
Dog 2-4
Cat 2-3
Aortic v.
Dog 4 up
Cat 2-3 up
Mitral v.
Dog 5-6
Cat
5-6
sternum
راست Tricuspid v.
Dog 3-5
Cat 4-5
Auscultation
Locations فیزیکی معاینهبیمار–توراکس شنود
117. Auscultation – Heart Split Sounds – S1 Spliting FIRA method
S1 Splitting/split sound
Closure of AV valves.
Simultaneously, just may be heard at slightly
Different times (S1 splitting)
SİNGLE S2
or
SPLİT S2
118. Auscultation – Heart Split Sounds – S2 Spliting FIRA method
S2 Splitting/split sound:
Closure of SL valves.
Can be heard normally during deep
inspiration
Causes:
SİNGLE S2
or
SPLİT S2
137. Auscultation – Heart Murmurs FIRA method
قلبی سوفل زمانی تیپهای
Heart Mumurs
Systolic murmur Diastolic Murmur Continous m.
Early
systloic
Mid
systolic
Late
systolic
Pan/Holo
systolic
Early
diastolic
Mid
diastolic
Late
diastolic
PDA
Innocent AS MVP MR AR MS MS
MR PS TR PR TS TS
TR ASD VSD
VSD (small) HOCM
MR Soft systolic murmurs – early systolic
MR (severe) Loud holosystolic murmurs and plateau shaped
Mitral valve prolapse Late systolic murmurs
MR (Quality of murmurs)
Musical (whooping) or
harsh sounding (high-pitched)
MR & S2
S2 is obscured by the murmurr except coexisting
pulmonary hypertension
MR (severe) and
congestion
severe mitral regurgitation often manifest
protodiastolic or presystolic gallop heart sounds.
HCM - LVOTO Early to midsystolic murmurs
زمان
138. Auscultation – Heart Murmurs
شکل
FIRA method
APPROACH to heart murmurs
Systloic Diastolic
Crescendo-
decrescendo
Holosystolic
Early diastolic
or
decrescendo
Mid-late
systloic
Stenosis Regurgitation Regurgitation Stenosis
As
Ps
MR
TR
AR
PR
Ms
Ts
139. PS
PDA
AR
AS – SAS
MR
MS
TR
TD
VSD
AS – SAS
PMI
Point of Maximal Intensity
Auscultation – Heart Murmurs
شنود محل
FIRA method
P
A
M
T
L R
Left murmurs Right murmurs
T
143. Approaches to murmurs
Coté, 2015
Flow diagram of a diagnostic testing approach for
assessing an adult small-breed dog with an incidentally
detected left apical systolic heart murmur