types of pollination

1. SESSION : 2021-22
CLASS : XII – SCIENCE
TITLE OF PROJECT :
POLLINATION
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
KHUSHI PATEL MRS SUDIPTA DEVNATH

2. I KHUSHI PATEL, student of class XII science ATMIYA VIDHYAPEETH
SCHOOL, GANDHIDHAM; hereby certify that project was undertaken by
me as a part of CBSE curriculum. The data used in the project has been
obtained experimentally conducted in the chemistry laboratory of ATMIYA
VIDYAPEETH SCHOOL and all calculation done by self and therefore I take
it to be authenticated and reliable.
Name of student : KHUSHI PATEL
Signature:
Roll No:
CERTIFICATE BY THE STUDENT

3. CERTIFICATE
Ms./Master__________________________________________________ Roll no.
_____________________ Student of class XII ____________ of Atmiya Vidyapeeth
has undertaken the project entitled ___________________________ and has
completed the same successfully under the supervision/guidance of
_____________________ within the given time frame.
The data used in the project has been obtained from the experiments conducted in the
____________________laboratory of Atmiya Vidyapeeth and all submissions made
here in by the student is authentic and reliable.
Internal Examiner Principal External Examiner

4. POLLINATION
➢ The term Pollination
refers to the transfer
of pollen grains from
the anther to the
stigma of a flower.

5. Why is pollination important?
• Sexual reproduction is important for evolution.
• Sexual reproduction produces variable offspring if
two flowers are used ,creating diversity and
variation among populations (shuffling of genes).
• Outbreeding = good
Inbreeding = bad

6. • Self pollination
• Cross pollination
It is of two types

8. • It involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to
the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the
same plant.
Examples :
Pea plant Ground nut Barley
SELF – POLLINATION

9. Self – Pollination is promoted by
certain floral adaptation.
HOMOGAMY CLEISTOGAMY

10. HOMOGAMY :
• It refers to the maturation of sex organs at
same time.
Examples :
Mirabilis Jalapa Vinca rosea

11. CLEISTOGAMY :
• It is a phenomenon in which the flowers do
not open at the time of fertilization.
Examples :
Violaceae Balsaminaceae

12. ADVANTAGES OF SELF–POLLINATION
• Parental characters are preserved indefinitely.
• The flower need not to be large.
• Fragrance and nectar production is not
required, which saves considerable nutrient
material of plants.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF SELF–POLLINATION
• Continued self–pollination may lead to
weakening of the off–springs.
• Seeds produced will be poor in quality.
• The defective character of plants cannot be
eliminated.

14. CROSS – POLLINATION
• It involves the transfer of pollen grains from
the anther of a flower to the stigma of
another flower of different plant.
• Pollination between flowers of different
genetic constitution is known as Xenogamy.

15. DICLINY
DICHOGAMY
HETEROGAMY
SELF
STERILITY
HERKOGAMY
Cross-
pollination
is favoured
by certain
adaptations.

16. DICLINY
• Plants bearing unisexual flowers posses only one
kind of sex organs (males and female).
Examples :
Papaya Mulberry

17. DICHOGAMY
• It refers to maturation of sex organs
at different time period.
• It shows 2 condition :
1. Protandrous : Here anthers mature before
stigma.
Examples : Rubiaceae , Malvaceae , Labiatae
2. Protogynous : Here stigma matures before
the anthers.
Examples : Mangolia , Michalia , Adhatoda

18. HETEROGAMY
• The phenomenon of
bearing two types of
morphological
dissimilar flowers.
Examples :
Primrose

19. • It bears two types of flowers :
1. Long-styled or Pin eyed :
Flowers bearing long style and
short stamens.
2. Short-styled or Thrum eyed :
Flowers bearing short style
and long stamens.

20. HERKOGAMY
• In certain flowers, morphological barriers develop
which makes self pollination impossible.
Examples :
Calatropis Zeuxine

21. SELF-STERILITY
• Flowers in which pollens are incapable of causing
fertilization.
Examples :
Maize

22. AGENTS OF CROSS-POLLATION
• In angiosperms, pollens are immotile and thus
have to be carried to the stigma by external
pollinating agents.
• Depending upon their nature the agents may be
1. Biotic agents : Insects, Birds, Snails etc.
2.Abiotic agents : Wind, Water.

23. Biotic
Agents
Entomophily
Zoophily
Myrmecophily
Ornithophily
Malacophily
Cheiropterophily

24. ENTOMOPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by insects.
Examples :
Salvia Yucca Ficus

25. ORNITHOPHILY
Salmalia Erythrina Callistemon
• It refers to the pollination brought about by birds.
Examples :

26. CHEIROPTEROPHILY
Adansonia Eperua falcata
• It refers to the pollination brought about by bats.
Examples :

27. MALACOPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by snails and slugs.
Examples :
Alocasia Lemna Colovasia

28. MYRMECOPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by ants.
Examples :
Medicago sativa Melitotus officinalis

29. ZOOPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by animals.
Examples :
Arctium Galium aparine

30. Anemophily Hydrophily
Abiotic agents

31. ANEMOPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by winds.
Examples :
Wheat Maize Coconut

32. HYDROPHILY
• It refers to the pollination brought about by water.
Ephydrophily Hyphydrophily
Hydrophily

33. EPHYDROPHILY
• Pollination occurring on the water surface.
Examples :
Elodes Hydrilla

34. HYPHYDROPHILY
• Pollination occurring beneath the water surface.
Examples :
Najas Ceratophyllum