All about sexual propagation & seed propagation. Report in CROPSCI 101

1. Sexual Propagation/Seed Propagation
Under CROPSCI 101 : Principle of Crop Protection Group 4

2. What is the difference of
Sexual and Asexual Propagation

3. Asexual propagation involves taking a part of one parent
plant/mother plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant.
It is also known as vegetative propagation.
Examples are cuttings, grafting, marcotting/air layering, runners

4. Sexual propagation is the genetic
material of two parents combined by
pollination and fertilization to create
offspring that are different from each
parent plant.
Seeds are typical examples of sexual
propagation.

5. What is a Sexual Propagation?

6. Sexual propagation uses seeds to produce new plants.
Sexual propagation is also relatively easy and often requires no special
equipment.
It is nature's way to obtain many plants economically.
Seeds are formed when pollen is transferred from the anther of a flower to
the stigma of a flower and fertilization occurs.

7. The Sexual Propagation Methods
Sexual propagation uses seeds to produce new plants.
Sexual propagation is relatively easy and often requires no special
equipment.
Some plants can only be reproduced by seeds
Seeds are formed when pollen is transferred from the anther of a flower
to the stigma of a flower and fertilization occurs.
Reproduction involving a female (egg) and male (pollen) sex cells to
produce a seed

8. Cross-pollination is when one flower is pollinated by
another flower with different characteristics.
It is also called heterogamy, a type of pollination in which
sperm-laden pollen grains are transferred from the cones or
flowers of one plant to egg-bearing cones or flowers of
another.
Examples are strawberries, mango, rose, gumamela, dahlia,
tulips and other flowering plants
Cross Pollination

10. Self-pollination is when pollen of the
same plant is used.
A self-pollination is a form of
pollination in which pollen from the
same plant arrives at the stigma of a
flower (in flowering plants) or at the
ovule (in gymnosperms).
examples are orchids, sunflowers,
broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower,
corn, onions, and peppers
Self-pollination

11. What is a Cotyledon?
A cotyledon is a significant part of
the embryo within the seed of a
plant, and is defined as "the
embryonic leaf in seed-bearing
plants, one or more of which are
the first to appear from a
germinating seed."
There are two types of cotyledon:
Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotyledon

12. What is the difference of
Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon

13. Monocotyledons are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms),
the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf or cotyledon.
Examples are grass, sugarcane, corn, bamboo, and coconut
Dicotyledons are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants
(angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the
typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two
embryonic leaves or cotyledons. Examples are flowering plants (Dahlia,
Gumamela), trees (Mango, African Tulip), vegetables (Ampalaya, Tomato)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org

15. Stages of sexual reproduction

16. Using a seed of proper genetic characteristics to produce the cultivar or species,
of provenance desired. This can be accomplished by obtaining seeds from a
reliable source or dealer.
Using good quality seeds which germinate rapidly and vigorously to withstand
possible adverse environmental conditions in the seed bed and provide a high
percentage of usable seedlings.
Manipulating the seed dormancy by applying pre-germination treatments or
proper timing of planting.
Providing a proper environment for seed germination i.e., supplying sufficient
water, proper temperature, adequate oxygen, and either light or darkness
(depending upon the kind of seed) to the seeds and resulting seedlings until they
are well established.
The success of seed propagation depends upon fulfilling the following conditions:

17. Sexual Propagation
Advantages & Disadvantages

18. Propagation by seeds is simple and easy.
Seed propagation is the only means of diversity, particularly in the
selection of chance seedlings.
Seedling plants are long-lived, and productive, and have greater
tolerance to adverse soil and climatic conditions and diseases.
Seed propagation makes it feasible to propagate plants like papaya and
coconut in which asexual means of propagation are not common.
Hybrids can only be developed by sexual means.
Advantages

19. Seedling plants are not true to type to the mother plants due to the
heterozygous nature of fruit plants.
Seedling plants have a long juvenile phase (6-10 years) and hence flowering
and fruiting commence very late.
Sexually raised plants are generally tall and spreading type and thus are
cumbersome for carrying out various management practices like pruning,
spraying, harvesting, etc.
Seeds of many fruits are to be sown immediately after extraction from the
fruits as they lose their viability very soon e.g. cashew nut, jackfruit,
citrus, mango, and papaya.
Disadvantages

20. Cited Reference:
https://extension.umaine.edu/gardening/manual/propagation/plant-
propagation/
https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/mg3
https://en.wikipedia.org - Cotyledon, Monocotyledon, and Dicotyledon
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9320671/
https://www.britannica.com/science/cross-pollination
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=96778
The End of this Presentation