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PHRWW *Final*
- 1. Protecting Human Rights Worldwide International Law, Regarding Human Rights Gyula Zsolt Lajer, Just 404, 2018-02-11
- 2. What Human Rights Are? • Human Rights are rights inherent to all Human Beings; • Whatever our nationality, place of residence, • Sex, national or ethnic origin, • Colour, religion, language, • Or, any other status. • We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. • These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
- 3. Background “Human Rights" have been used in an abstract and philosophical sense The origins of “Human Rights" come from the nature of Human Beings A special category of moral claim that all Humans may invoke A phenomenon that is closely associated with the rise of the liberal democratic State Pragmatically a manifestation of Human Rights’ claims in positive law Constitutionally entrenched and justiciable Bill of Rights containing Basic Human Rights Guarantees to hold Governments accountable under national legal processes Becoming integral to the legal system and superior to ordinary law and executive action Video Introduction; The Story of Human Rights: https://youtu.be/6XXGF_V8_7M
- 4. International Labour Organization (ILO) was established in 1919 as part of the Peace Treaty of Versailles • Established as League of Nations following the 1st. World War • Decent work and justice for workers • Social protection • Opportunities for all • Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 • ILO has 187 member states
- 5. The Charter of The United Nations was signed in 1945 June 26th, then a network of Treaties were subsequently adopted by UN Members The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter The Charter was created, to; • Maintain international peace and security • Take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace • Bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace • Develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination
- 7. Charter Based System, 1948 • The system evolved under the UN Economic and Social Council, which set up by the Commission on Human Rights, as mandated by article 68 of the UN Charter • The main accomplishment of the Commission was the elaboration and near-universal acceptance of the three major International Human Rights Instruments; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) Video Introduction; Lesson 18, Universal and Regional Protection Mechanisms: https://youtu.be/xlChHXPWiTw
- 8. The High Commissioner for Human Rights The Human Rights Council The Human Rights Treaty Bodies Special Procedures UNDG-HRM…
- 9. International Human Rights Campaigns and Issues Campaigns: Amazon Watch, Amnesty International, Anti-Slavery International, Avocats Sans Frontiers, Breakthrough, CARE, Carter Center, CCJO René Cassin, Center for Economic and Social Rights Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) Civil Rights Defenders, Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Committee of Concerned Scientists, Committee to Protect Journalists, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, Crypto Rights Foundation, Cultural Survival, Disabled Peoples' International, Enough Project, Equality Now, Every Human Has Rights, Free the Slaves, Freedom from Torture, Freedom House, Friends of Peoples Close to Nature, Front Line Defenders, Society for Threatened Peoples, GIRCA, Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Global Rights, Habitat International Coalition, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, Helsinki Watch, Hindu American Foundation, Hindu Human Rights… Issues: Adequate Housing, Business and Human Rights, Children Needs and Rights Related Issues, Civil and Political Rights, Climate change, Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Coercive Measures, Conscientious objection and Others in Relation, Death Penalty, Detention, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Development (Good Governance and Debt), Financial Crisis, Disability, Disappearances, Discrimination, Environment or Food Issues, Eviction, Health Problems, Leprosy, Nationalism, Racism, Aging, Proverty, Slavery, Terrorism, Torture, Human Trafficking, Non Just Proceedings, Pollution, Violence, Animal Consumption, Bad Attitude, Selfishness, Ignorance…
- 10. References MOOC Chile. (2014). Introduction to Human Rights | Lesson 18: "Universal and Regional Protection Mechanisms“. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/xlChHXPWiTw United Nations. (2018). Chapter 1: Purposes and Principles. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/sections/un- charter/chapter-i/index.html United Nations. (2018). List of Human Rights Issues. Retrieved from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/List OfIssues.aspx United Nations. (2018). Preamble. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/preamble/index.html United for Human Rights. (2011). The Story of Human Rights. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?y=6 XXGF_V8_7M United Nations. (2018). What Human Rights Are?. Retrieved from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/What atareHumanRights.aspx United Nations. (2018). What We Do. Protect Human Rights: How does the UN promote and protect human rights?; What legal instruments help the UN protect human rights?; What other UN offices and bodies are responsible for protecting human rights?. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/
Editor's Notes
- The term “human rights” was mentioned seven times in the UN's founding Charter, making the promotion and protection of human rights a key purpose and guiding principle of the Organization. Based on the International Human Rights Law, the international human rights movement was strengthened when the United Nations General Assembly adopted of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10 December 1948. Drafted as ‘a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations', the Declaration for the first time in human history spell out basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that all human beings should enjoy. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/InternationalLaw.aspx http://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/
- Universal as well International Human Rights are often expressed and guaranteed by Law, in the forms of Treaties, Customary International Law, general principles and other sources of International Law. Human Rights are inalienable as well entail both rights and obligations while States assure obligations and duties under International Law to respect, to protect and to fulfill Human Rights. All Human Rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to life, equality before the Law and freedom of expression; economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work, social security and education, or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination are also indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx
- The phrase “Human Rights" was first used in an abstract and philosophical sense while denoting a special category of moral claims that all Humans may invoke or, more pragmatically, as the manifestation of these claims in positive law. For example; as constitutional guarantees to hold Governments accountable under national legal processes while described herein as “Human Rights Law". The origins of “Human Rights" come from the nature of the Human Being her or himself, as articulated in all the world's major religions and moral philosophy but a more recent phenomenon in regard is closely associated with the rise of the liberal democratic State. Then, rules governing society in the form of a constitutionally entrenched justiciable Bill of Rights containing Basic Human Rights for all through Human Rights Law, of which is becoming integral to the legal system involving superior to ordinary law and executive action. https://unchronicle.un.org/article/international-human-rights-law-short-history Video Introduction; The Story of Human Rights: https://youtu.be/6XXGF_V8_7M
- For many centuries, there was no international human rights law regime in place. In fact, international law supported and colluded in many of the worst human rights atrocities, including the Atlantic Slave Trade and colonialism. It was only in the nineteenth century that the international community adopted a treaty abolishing slavery. The first international legal standards were adopted under the auspices of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which was founded in 1919 as part of the Peace Treaty of Versailles. ILO is meant to protect the rights of workers in an ever-industrializing world. https://unchronicle.un.org/article/international-human-rights-law-short-history
- The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco by the International Organization then came into force on 24 October 1945 while the Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter. The determinations of the UN is, to; Save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to Mankind Reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations Establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained Promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-i/index.html http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/preamble/index.html
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR was drafted by representatives with different legal as well cultural backgrounds from all regions of the World. Then, it was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 10th of 1948 as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations while it sets out (for the first time), fundamental Human Rights to be universally protected in more than 500 languages. It is a recognition of the inherent dignity as well as the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family while it is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the World. The UDHR originally contains thirty (30) Articles, such as: Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
- The treaty-based system developed even more rapidly than the Charter-based system. The first treaty, adopted in 1948, was the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which addressed the most immediate past experience of the Nazi Holocaust. The first, adopted in 1965, is the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), followed by ICCPR and ICESCR in 1966. Since then, a huge number of treaties have been adopted, covering a wide array of subjects, eight of them on human rights whilst each comprising a treaty monitoring body, under the auspices of the United Nations. The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984), followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), then the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). https://unchronicle.un.org/article/international-human-rights-law-short-history Video Introduction; Lesson 18, Universal and Regional Protection Mechanisms: https://youtu.be/xlChHXPWiTw
- UN offices and bodies are responsible for protecting Human Rights, of which are including the; High Commissioner, General Assembly, GA President; Security Council, SC President; Human Right Council, Human Rights Treaty Bodies, Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC President; Trusteeship Council; International Court of Justice; Secretariat; Secretary-General, Special Procedures, UN Development Group’s Human Rights Mainstreaming Mechanism, Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect, United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII), Third Committee of the General Assembly and various other UN Bodies, like the UN Peace Operations or the Commission on the Status of Women. http://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/protect-human-rights/
- More Campaigns: Hirschfeld Eddy Foundation, Human Life International, Human Rights Internet, Human Rights First, Human Rights Foundation, Human Rights Internet, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Without Frontiers, HURIDOCS, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense, International Alliance of Women, International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists, International Center for Transitional Justice, International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, International Centre for Human Rights Research, International Coalition against Enforced, Disappearances, International Commission of Jurists, International Disability Alliance, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Committee of the Red Cross (private, sovereign organisation), International Crisis Group, International Federation for Human Rights, International Foundation for Human Rights and Tolerance, International Freedom of Expression Exchange, International Helsinki Federation… http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/ListOfIssues.aspx