Object Oriented Analysis and Design

1. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
ANALYSING NEEDS AND
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES
PRESENTATION BY :
GURSHEHZAD SINGH
singhgurshehzad@gmail.com

2. BASIC DEFINITIONS
Needs Identification and Information Gathering Techniques 2
REQUIREMENTS
PROBLEM
INFORMATION
Requirements describe what users want a system to do.
Facts and figures collected through various effective methods and tools.
Gives purpose to the SDLC by defining the current state of the system and
the required end state desired by the users.

3. NEEDS SPECIFIED BY USER
Needs Identification and Information Gathering Techniques 3
❑ Users of a company usually work with the systems
and interact with customers on a daily basis.
❑ They are the most likely source for improved or new
system requests.
❑ Users might experience that the system does not
produce information required by company business.

4. EXAMPLE:
Needs Identification and Information Gathering Techniques 4
This Photo by Unknown
Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
Using Closed Wallet Payment Method for
online payments
To develop customer’s faithfulness by
providing offers and cashbacks.
Can only be used for purchasing goods and
services from Flipkart only

5. Needs Identification and Information Gathering Techniques 5
Customers restricted to purchase
from Flipkart only
Certain unhappy customers sent
negative feedback on their site
They revealed their payment
related issues and queries.
ANALYSING NEEDS

6. INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 6
Facilitator
Flipkart Stakeholders
System Analyst
Plan Preparation
Plan Session
Plan Wrap up
JOINT MEETING (JAD)

7. QUESTION
NAIRES
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 7
How do you rate your
overall
Flipkart experience?
What features you
don’t like about
Flipkart?
What are the
reasons that deter
you from using Pay
Zippy?

8. DOCUMENT REVIEWS
8
Background
Information
Analysis
Understanding
“Behind the scenes”
Go through the previous
policies and documents of
payment services.
Supplement information
about principles and
rules.

9. FINAL INTERVIEWING AND
SUGGESTIONS
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 9
After gathering the information and the project summary from the previous methods, the team moves ahead
To the final set of interviews and suggestions before customizing the design for the updated software.
Interviewing User Representatives who have the knowledge
About E-Payment Systems.
Interviewing and discussing the information gathered and
project summary with the stakeholders.
Coming up with new ideas and suggestions for solving the
problem based on the information gathered.
Semi closed wallet method
that allows users to buy
from Third Party Sellers
also.
Statistics showed that 43% of the users were not happy with
the payment services provided by Pay Zippy.

10. EXAMPLE: HSBC
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 10
Assume the case involves a company's declining profitability prior to installing a new
computer based information system.
Initial review of the case information you determine the main parameters to consider are
total revenues, policies, unaware members and total costs.
On-Site Observations
Review of Literature,
Procedures and Forms.
Factors influencing each of the
parameters you've identified

11. INTERVIEWS
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 11
a one-on-one conversation between an
interviewer and an interviewee.
communication
management
Quality of your
experience
Ability to Understand
Delegated Objectives
✔ What kind of system it is?
✔ Who runs the system?
✔ Who are the important people in it?
✔ What is the history pf the system?
✔ Is it a primary or a secondary contributor to the organization?
✔ What challenges in your business or industry influenced you to look at this solution?
✔ Did you have a previous solution that could no longer meet your company’s needs? If so, how did
your needs change?

12. INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 12
Documentation of the interview
⮚ What was your team's process prior to using the product?
⮚ Were there any costs associated with the process prior to
using this product?
⮚ What were the major pain points of your process prior to
using this product?
⮚ Did the product replace a similar tool or is this the first
time your team is using a product like this?
⮚ What other challenges were you and your team
experiencing prior to using the product?
⮚ Why didn't you buy our product or a similar product
earlier?
⮚ By using our product can you measure any reduced costs
in other secondary areas?
⮚ How do you measure the value the product provides?
The documentation of the interview need not be a
verbatim transcript of what was said but should cover the
following items only after careful observation of the
following points by the interviewer and his sub-ordinates:

13. INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 13
Total number of candidates
N=200
Total number of candidates aged over 50 years
N=23
Total number of Interviews
N=97
Total number of usable Interviews
N=80
66.6%
Total number of candidates contacted
N=120
Excluded
N=23
Interviews found to be not
usable
N=17

14. ❑What was the reason that attracted you to become our customer?
Brand value Marketing and promotion Variety of products
Word of mouth Quality of our products Pricing Other
❑To what extent did each of the following impact your decision to discontinue your collaboration with the current
computer based information system?
Extremely Very Moderately Slightly Not at all
Range of Products
Quality of products
After Sales Support
Brand Value
Poor understanding of your Requirements
Better alternative Company
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 14
QUESTIONNAIRES: a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information
from respondents. Questionnaires can be thought of as a kind of written interview.

15. ❑Will you be willing to resume your collaboration with us, if we improve the areas you are dissatisfied with?
Yes No Can't say
❑On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate our Range of Services along with pricing:
LOWEST HIGHEST
1 2 3 4 5
❑Do you feel you were given good information about our products/services and processes to make your experience
smooth and hassle free?
Yes No No Opinion
❑If you had a choice, how would have you designed the present information system?
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 15

16. INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 16
200 candidates in Total
182 potential responders
17 un-responded
165 responded
133 Completely
Responded
80.6%
32 Partially Responded
120 useful Responses

17. SUMMARIZING THE FACTS AND
INFORMATION GATHERED
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 17
▪ Different types of summaries of retrieved documents according
to each user’s information needs, situation, or purpose of
search.
▪ The purpose of this study is to build a multi-document
summarizer.
▪ It returns a list of topics discussed in the given document set,
▪ so that the user can select a topic or topics of interest as well as
▪ the summary type, such as fact-reporting, opinion-oriented or
knowledge-focused.
Drawing conclusions from the survey results is one of the last steps in conducting a survey. Most researchers
find writing the conclusion as hard as creating the introduction to the survey because these two segments act as
the frame of the study.

18. THANK
YOU
INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNIQUES 18