3. Introduction:
Marx observed that political power, properly so called is Merely the
Orgranised Power of one Class For oppressing Another. Bakunin Was
opposed to all type of governing System In every form And in every
Shape.
Karl Marx theory of the origin of the
state
4. Meaning And Nature Of state:
■ The Marxist school of thought Considers state as Coercive Instrument
Belonging to one particular class of Society. Bourgeoisie Or capitalist class.
This class of people owns the means of production, control the state and
exploit other classes. State cannot be impartial to the people. Every state is a
class organisation working for the interest of the capitalist class only. Lenin
says, “the state is a machine for maintaining the rule of one class over
another”. Marx observed in his ‘communist manifesto’, ‘political power,
properly so called, is merely the Orgranised power of one class.
5. Theories of the state-marxist
(supporters)
■ KARLX MARX
■ LENIN
■ ENGELS
■ GRAMSOI
■ MAO-TSE-TUNG
6. Definitions:
■ According to karl marx, “The state is nothing more than the farm of
organization which the bourgeas necessarily adopt both for internal and
external purpose, for the mutual guarantee of their property and interest.
■ According to Engels, “The state is nothing more than a machine for a
oppression of one class by another”.
7. Forms of state According to
Marxist:
1.) Nature of bourgoise state
2.) Nature of proletariate state
3.) Nature of stateless state
8. NATURE OF BOURGEOIS STATE:
■ Class character of the state:Marx said that State is for the protection of Capitalist class because
this class is economically strong and influential.This Dominant class uses the state to serve its own
purposes.
■ Repressive and coercive character of the state:Marx stated that State makes law in favour
of Capitalist class because this class is economically strong and thus State ignores Proletariat class.
■ Class conflict cannot be reconcide:Marx said that Capitalist class exploits the proletariat class
with the help of the State for their own interests and this exploitation lead to the class conflict.
■ Democracy in bourgeois state is an eyewash:Marx said that State is nothing but a machine
for the oppression of one class by another and Bourgeois class doesn’t care about Liberty and rights of
proletariat class and thus there is democracy is just an eyewash.
■ Capitalist state can be abolished by revolutionary means: In the revolutionary
process,the proletariat class is to raise the position of ruling class and if Bourgeois class place obstacles
in the way of proletariat class then proletariat class take political power in their hands and thus this
class will abolished the bourgeois state.
9. NATURE OF PROLETARIATE STATE:
■ Abolition of special privileges:Marx said that in the Proletariat state everyone have equal rights,
Liberty and protection and there should be no special privileges for some specific class.
■ Faith in socialism:Marx said that in the Proletariat state , Everyone have share in property .
Socialism is as opposed to private ownership. There will be social ownership of means of production in
proletariat state.
■ To established legislature for law making: There will be legislature for making laws .Law
should be make for everyone’s interest and everyone will have freedom of speech and to take justice.
■ No freedom of speech and to criticize the government:Marx said that in the Proletariat
state there will be no need to criticize the government because everyone will be equal in the society
and there will be no special privileges for anyone.
■ Violence and suppression: Marx said that in the Proletariat State violence will be
used for them who will be against the socialism.
■ Economic policy:There will no exploitation and privatization.Economic policy is
made for everyone’s development and to fulfill basic needs.
10. Characteristics of socialist state:
1.) It shall be classless and stateless Society: Marx believed in
the classless and stateless Society in which there would be no
exploitation of one class by another,no authority of one person over
another. There will be only one class which is called proletariat class and
thus there will be no need of State.
2.) Pay according to need:karl Marx said that,” From each
according to his ability and each according to his need.”
3.) Voluntary associations: In the socialist state ,there will be
provision to form voluntary associations for the protection of everyone’s
interest.
11. Nature of state according to Marxist:
■ State is a class organisation: State is a class organisation because it
comes into existence for the protection of Capitalist class and it make
laws in favour of Capitalist class.
■ State is not a natural and ethical institutions: State can’t be
considered as natural institute because it came into existence by social
contract and this is not ethical organisation because it is means of
exploitation and in the State Capitalist class exploits proletariat class.
■ Class conflicts responsible for the origin of the state: State
came into existence by the social contract that was made by men for the
protection of their interests because there were existence of class
conflict and thus one class exploits the another class.That’s why People
decided to establish the State.
■ State is a result of evolutionary process: State came into
existence by evolutionary process .State is a natural growth over a long
period of history.
■ State protects the interests of ruling class: State came into
12. ■ State is an artificial institution: State is not an natural
institution infact it is an artificial institution because it came
into existence by social contract that was made by the people of
society.
■ State can’t create unity and harmony in the society: State is a
class organisation because it makes law in favour of ruling class
and thus it divides the society into the classes and thus State
can’t create unity.
■ Force is the basis of the state: State is the mean of
exploitation and it forces the Proletariat class to obey it’s
orders whether these orders are not in their favour and against
their interests.
■ State is a temporary institution and it shall be wither away
:Marx said that the dictatorship of Proletariat class will crush
the capitalist class .when the society will be classless then there
will be no need of State and gradually the state will wither
