Handwritten Notes of Textiles - 1). Textile Terms - Fibre, Yarn and Fabric 2). Classification of Textile Fibres ~ Natural Fibres ~ Synthetic Fibres 3). A Natural Fibre - "SILK"

1. OATE
PAGE.
History of Textiles
What is textile
he term._comesrom ahatin_word
taxeremeanin to weave.A textile iis made from
iber or Other_extende.d linear materials_Such as yarn.
h e Narious categories_of textiles include.-
0.V.en,
Crochct, Knitted,Knotted ortufted
clothandncn-
WOvenabrics Suchasfelt.
A cloth made o ers that have
.been bomdedinto
a fabric.
Textile mdusteyL
The textile industry is the industey
Mhich involwes_the sections Lihe research desin,develop-
mentmanufacturing and distributionotextilefabrics
and clothine_
History oTextileadustry
p until the revolution o lndustries,fabrics and
Lclothing Wené made in the horne by individuals or
persomal useSometines they Were also nesale on a
Small Scale. lhe Jextile_industey was born with the
invention otheHlhuing ShutHe in 1753,the Spinning
jertny in 1164,and he power Looa in 1784 Then the
abrics and clothing began to be mass produced.When
James latts improvedSteam ezngdine inE15, Ei
Whitneys _cotton gin in H2 zmd alias Houzes Seuinge
machine in_1846,all contribuited greatlyn theSuccess
o the extile industry as.well-
Now a day, the textile industry is a global phchomenon
lcompriscd of
eveny business involved in_develaning,-

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PAGE
tiles. Nows
isis also a ver complex industry t Starts in adri.
|orm minind o metals _atd minerals lhan these hre
producing, maufactuning and disteibution_DftexBiles
eiai
N
ure With_ihre production,husbandary DfSheep aud si
This inchud
are pracessed intn yarns,
fabrics_and apparels. his ina
Spinning mills,weaving mlls,Knittingmils,dyeingmills
Carments.
Textile Ferms
(Fibre Yarn_and Fahric
Ebre iber or ibre is a natural0 Synthetic_Substance
Hhat is _signiicantly longer than it is wide.Fhers
Ane oftenused in the manusactune o others
1.
materials.
Hbres cambe separated.into wo main groups
NaturalandMan-Made ihres
FYarn Yarn_are long,continuous Strands o hers ihat
ane spun tngetner. hinh of them ike narro1
strings taistingarond one another1tn forma-
thick rope lhe Strength and thichness ofyarn
cier acCording to hoo the yarn is taisted.
A high_dedree D yarn liníst) praduces a stnongar
ohile a lnwer degree Dtwist produces: Softerya
O
#abrics Yacu is_then spun into fabrics,which_areustd
to mahe0ur garments.Aidelariety of methods.
10ds
can be uSed to praduceahrics romYarns
ch.
as weaving,hnittingbraiding,felting and ing

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PAGE
Lntraductinn_of TexlileFihens
lextile Aher is a material mainly made fron naturalor
Synthetic sources lhis.material wil1 be comverts into
the mahing of textile yarns andabries Moven inilted
non- 1wOven and carpets t may he in a form _oa
pliable hair like Strand or as the Smallest aisible
unit of textile _production
Classikication o TextileTiher
Since eo thepast,there aremamy tpeso textile
iber that have been usedon develoaped in textilepen
LductiomSuchas _cloth, nope household and eto
ibres
Natural Man-made
edlahlelAnimal Mineral Redenerate Synithetic Acetate
Eg
Ashestos
Sik Nto rayom Nlon
Kaw Cottom
Vinscose: ryoin
uprammomnim_
kinen Wool
Jute
Hemp
Kapok
Ordanie
Polyster
Polyamide
Yoluproplylene
Inordanic
Glassfibre
Metal ibre

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Naturalhen
is_a iber made ram a material 0riginatedfrom
|natural_Sounces here are the three main-Surces that
Can be ohtainedto produce this_hind o ben
Vegetahle or_celulosiciber lorigin oam plan
Aimal_or Protein her origin framanimals)
And also a mineral ibers
This ind o_fiber cold 0nly prodiuce as Staple yarn
shortihens) in terms lengta whidh isnot toolon
Compare With synthetic fiber
he dimensial structure o Naturalhen00uld behair
messurace becausenf their onigtin Eaah_Kindof them
has their 012ncharacteristic and end-usedemands
ellalosicNegetable sber cotlilbe obtained and cateniz
into three mainhpes
Part.J J'
Seed
Bast Stem
keaf
xample JuIIS
Lottom Kapok
lax Hempite
ikal,Ahacai.an Pnal
Cetlulosic Hbre_
oteinAnimal -fibercoild be obtained han three maia
categories
Parts kxamnle
Hair
Mlool
Tlament_
hlama,cAshmere,mohair
heen
Spilder silh_and monm dil4
roiein tibre_

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1niihe the other hun Sources
Mineral iben is obtained iron varietiesofrack sources
which ís Knouan as asbestosiher. Ttis a fbrous
Horm of Silicate made_of magnesium and ealcium.
|However, becauseof the risk of health problem ma
occun the onoduction _oasbestos in textile ind1ustry
havebeen decline
Synthetic Fiben
The term Syntheticihens relers to materials that is
not originated in_natural Sources but are developed
by humnan by sing chemical or Mechanical process
hus, Synthetic fiber is 1el1-noun_as man-made
1hlikeANahural fiber, the pnoperties o tais iber caan
be determined ar contralled early_betore the produe
-ion OCCLLrS
Unlike natural Syntheticibre ispeoduce in_a filament
yarn or flament staple yarn base 0n the end-1sSe
he dimensial_appearance Canbe varies accondling to
the demands 1usaße and in-fact, it_canbe as Same_
Like apnearance and properties as natural iher
There ane huo base types o man-made that have been
widely 1sed by the textile industry*
11 1Syathetic Base'reterstnafiber that_has heen made
totallyby the man-made prncess hy
J
using chemical Substanee asthe S0ures he orojperties
of it will he_determinedtotally at the initial_for
their demands by the manufacturer

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Ohiectives to Study
b ut theoretical hnouledde into lifestyleand-
practical experience
ToKnow the drouuth and present Stafes.
OverallExnlare the Knowledge ahout the silk.
Contents
Introduction to silk_
History of silk_
irsi silk ndstry in lmdia
Silk Road or Silk Route
StadesoYnoduction
nes
SiK MarK
nteresing Tacts
silk
op campanies 011K

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PAGE
Lutroduction
SiLK is a natural protcin ibre,some orms o1whic
Can be woueninto_textiles
The best -hnouontyne of silk obtained rom thecoce
the larvae othe mulberry SilKworm.
Bombyx mori reared in _captiaityLSericulture)
Hhe Shimmerin anprarance of SilK.fhre is due
he triandulan prism like structure of the silk fibre
hich allnmus silk _cloth to reract 1ncoming ight-
at dierent anglesthus roducing diperent colang
a History oSilk
CHTNA is the origin o Sericulture
Chinese Lady mamed HS-LING-SHTH inented
mystery D cocnonsAccidentaly
Tissaid-that silk is_discovered besore 3000 B.C
Art oSlk_production1Was a Secret 1upto 200 BC-
Eor ab0t 2800 Nears)
liradin_ oSilk_was through the silk Road at that
lime
By about 300AD Sericulture had Spread tondia r0
Korea.
Tn 1851,0or1d_Sericullure indusBry sufred from
Pebrinedisease
his almost destroyed uropeon sericulture ndustry
|louis Yasteur discovered"MMR" lechnique to
controlthat disease..

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Aryans_discavered the g1141420.rm ln_Sib-himalayan_rdian
Si1 fram hashmir tn Beneal was exnortedto
ELropeAn marhets durin 4146 15 century
hrough hdia is the SecDmdLardestsilk pnnducer
in the 10rld ater china ii aacounts forust 5
oHaelobal silk markek _since the bu1k o
kndianSilk thread an1d silk_cloth are comsmed
dlonestically
Gerenany 1s thelangestconeumer oladian Siu1k
INowadays
Silk the aueen o hefahricsStill_command
passinnoCo11sULmer i@ht nom 2200 BC 10H11
odaynatimally- and mtematinnally
he maon silkproducing_countries orld)
lhe maiar silK producin countries in the AmDrld are
ChinaEadia, zbekis.tan Brazil,JapanRepuhlie o
Korealailand, NieBnamand ran
lhe maior silkpraducing Statesinndia
harnatha, Andhra nadesh hmil Nad1u,West Bendal
And Jämmu hashmir drethe ve traditional
States Acountsr around 40% othe ntal
onoduction
Karnatha is the Lanest pnn.ducen o silkin tha cauni
produres 0nly mulbeony silk _about 414
Bu1k_O pradutiozn_comes nomBanglofe mysore
Tholar 1LmKar districts

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Hirst si1k industry or lnvile Si1k mi11 (Tndia)_
Mughal_Lmperors lere ond o silk_loths_indusiy
lin Bengal and Kashmir
The linst silk Texile mil10 modern linzs,42as
Startedby the Fast lndia Coimpany at Haora 183)_
hater Meuw acturies_alsn started in
harnatka ( 1845)
Kashmir(1892)
Silk- Road_or Silk Route
Vhinese initialy gave silk tothe Roman Asia
dovernmet as its
During Han Dynashu only Chinese Knew houn tn 1make-
silk
So silk Was expoted along the sílk Raad
LChe ancient tnade romutelinking china and -Koma
Empire)_
6
This tadez brought china a dreat walth,bt he
chinese 1did not aveau0ay the secret on hou
silkwas produced
Stages o Pnoduction
lheStatés o prodhiction are as ollows
hesilh moth_lays thousands o edgs
The silK moth edgs hatch, the larvaeleed on the
ulberry leaves

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YrsL, 11 weaves d net Lo hold.itsel
Nexi, il Bwingts ils hend from side to side in the
1way o the number. 8.
Ihe
The silK sulidiirg 10hen 1t comes withcozlacko
the dir
TheslKworm splns dppr:0ximately 1mile oilanen-
And enclosca1sell ind..cocoon inabout 2-3days..
5500 silKwormadlerequired -tpproduce1hg o
3ith Labout 250D silhworms arerequiredto procuLs
d pound..0 rau silk)
heslKis.oblained rom. the ndamaßed cocoon8 by
brushing he cocoon oind the01utside_end of
PLamet.
Thesilk ilanment arethen 1uooLnd 011a reel.
One
One COCODns Conlains approximetely 1000 yands o
silklament. Ihe silk is.hnoson dsnaw sllk.
Adult
Pupa Eggs
harva
kifecyele oSLKwOLrrL

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yncs o silk
Ahimsa Slk-Lace silk
Ahimsa SilK MiaS commercialized intae year 2001
ntndays_Morld many have wohen 1p tn the: conceai
oStustainable eninament
Kasuma Rajaiah from hycerabad put ingreat eorts in
ind analtumatiue method ahere is na_killingofthe
1Kwornms and sílk_Can_be stili ohtaincd-
He isatechnical exptrtroa handloom indusiy wih
Lan experience D25yeaes
He invented this technique in the year 1991
IE_got 1ts mame nom a hindr Aoord Ahimsa1hich
meang Non-voilence22
n histhe Cocaons ane lelt as is or a ueek ar 10
days When the 40rms are ully groun theyy away-
Tahes hree monthstn_complete an order L2mon
or sninning_and 1 monthfor 110eauing
T His almost lik the regular silk_ haing_Sane
aualties, Houzeverts lushure is 1ittleless but morz
sot campared tn realar silk-
More_expensiue_as_campared n_hegular_silK_
TCountries like Germany, Us,kurope are the Custamtrs.
Mussel SilK (Sea SilK)_
As thename implies, he SiLK is produced by mussels
VALhich e canbe ound On _Seabeas
his difers trom he other SUK types because
i1 is not produced by SilKworms.

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s extremely ine raweand valuahle ahric thati
made om the lmng silky flamenta or byssus Secreked-
by a gland in theoat o penshells
he abrics_obtained fromsea silk is _extremely_
hight and warm
Spider SA
ike muss.e silk, this is the most_dipicuilt_One
produce as Spiders cannot ust bred 1ke silhunorms
Spidens cannot pcoduce as much as yarn _As silK1wo
production may Seem diicult but ts 0tput-
|is certainly 00rth the art
Durable e of_silk
1ilisedin the- productia o telescapesbulletprnn-
wests and wear- resistant_clnthing
AndoraSilk -
H is hmouan or its tender texture
he tngora Silk yarn is made p rom the un o
meek Angnra'"rabhit_
A fabric that is_SOt Semsuous anc screzams tendch-
nessthis SilK yarn_made up_0f the 10rld's
Sotes thread.
he Drißin othis yarn being in urkey
amous by orißin
Europeo1n c0untries
Northern America
e h & Napoleon _regions
AMast Lxpensive urope
Lhowerrandes2China, Korea h lapan.-

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N What is Sik_mank and why is 1 usedP
Slk marK is a Ceriticalion mark in lndiajorsil
textiles.
lhe mark ceriies that the pizce D textile 40hich
beans the mank ia_made up_O naural silk
Silk
The cer4icationis_managed by_th c SNK mark
Urganisation o adia"
STLK MARK
teresing Tacts
Soae tlmes artifcal silk areSold out im the name
o nahurat silkThis can easily bedetected hy
Simple burn lest Itillve a Smel11 D burning
and 1 not t is not a natural sil6
o Filament gm a mllberny ocoo1n_can be MaN-
thana_kilnmeten
Si1k is StronRer thani a equivalent strand o
S
Steel
lbp leadins Companies 0 SilK
Libas roup
Satyashree Silks_2 Sarees
Sakhiáshions
0mShree silk Tndia niermational_Pyt ltd
Sreecreainns
Gini SilK mi11 LimeE