1. 2003 Orchard View

2. michael@michaelsapples.com
• ISA Certified Arborist
– Pruning
– Consults and Pruning Lessons
• NV Nursery License
– Retail bare root fruit tree sales
– Grafting classes
• Gardening in Nevada since 1983
• Master Gardener Volunteer since 1996
• Monthly Fruit Tree and Gardening
Newsletter

3. Growing Fruit Trees and
Berries in Northern Nevada
Michael G. Janik
www.michaelsapples.com

4. Sources of Information
• Handouts
• UNR Cooperative Extension Master
Gardeners
Reno 775-784-4848
Winnemucca 775-623-6304
• Clubs, Organizations, Botanical Gardens
• Internet
• Books

5. Reference Books

6. Sources for Trees
• Local nurseries
• Chain Discount Stores
• Mail order nurseries
• www.gardenwatchdog.com
• www.davesgarden.com

7. Selection Criteria
• What you need and want
• What the tree needs and wants

8. Personal Needs and Likes
• What type of fruit do you like?
-Apples, Pears, Cherries, Berries
• Continuous supply
-Early, Autumn, Over winter keepers
-Redhaven, Veteran, Contender
• Needs—Tastes—Uses
-Fresh
-Baking/Cooking
-Sauce/Juice
-Preserves, Jams, Jellies

9. Preserves, jams, jelly, pies

10. Other ways to preserve apples and grapes

11. Fruit Tree Needs and Likes
• Climate—Hardy to USDA zones 2-6
• Chill Hours—hrs 32-45°F +800 hrs
• Soil—pH 6.5 Northern NV pH 8.5
• Water
• Nutrition—No need to fertilize, except
• Location—Sunshine > 8 hrs/day

12. Varieties for Northern Nevada
• UNR Cooperative Extension (handout)
• Other varieties for our area
• Farm trails and fruit tastings
• My varietal recommendations (handout)
• Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
on Dwarfing Rootstocks

13. Farm Trails—Stabile’s Hillview Farm Watsonville, CA
NAFEX.org

14. • Choose an
early ripening,
a late, & a
Apples keeper (or 2)
• Handout
varieties plus:
– Granny Smith,
Arkansas Black
– Honeycrisp,
Fuji
– Smokehouse,
Newtown
Pippin
• Apple Hill,
Placerville, CA

15. Pears
• Red Bartlett
• Seckel
• Bosc
• d’Anjou
• Flemish
Beauty
• Pick, store,
ripen,
consume

16. Stone Fruits
• Cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines
• Late blooming, early ripening!

17. • Why don’t they
Apricots produce
here????
• Extension
handout
• Tomcot,
Manchurian
• Harrow series:
Harogem,
Hargrand,
Har* Ontario
• University of
Minnesota,
Utah State
University, etc

18. Cherries • Sweet
• Attika (Kordia)
• Kristin
• Gold
• ‘Sour’ or
“Pie” or
“Tart”
• Montmorency
• Morello
• Northstar

19. Plums
• European and Asian
• Green gage, Reine Claude
• Italian prune, Castleton
Stanley, Empress,
President
• Burbank Hybrids: Satsuma,
Santa Rosa

20. • PEACHES
>850 chill hours
-Redhaven
-Early Elberta
-Elberta
-Veteran
-Contender
NECTARINES
-Red Gold
-Sunglow
Peaches/Nectarines
Miniatures

21. BERRIES
RASPBERRIES
Heritage
Autumn Bliss
Anna (yellow)
Caroline
Rosana
BLACKBERRIES (Thornless)
Triple Crown
Chester
Loganberry

22. BLUEBERRIES
• Blueberries
– 5.0 pH
– Elliot, Norsky, Patriot, check northern
catalogs

23. BLUEBERRIES
• Blueberries
– 5.0 pH
– Elliot, Norsky,
Patriot, check
northern catalogs

24. • Table Grapes
– “Grapes in Your Backyard”
– Suffolk Red, Einset, seedless Concord, Glenora,
Candice, Neptune, and many more

25. STRAWBERRIES
• HYBRIDS
– Tristar
– Tribute
– Everest
– Apache
• ALPINE
– Fragissimo (white)
– Baron
– Capron
– Mara des Bois

26. Currants and Gooseberries
Red Lake
White Imperial
Minaj Smyriou
Ben Lomond
Nuts
Pecans (native northern)
Walnuts (Black)
Almond (Hall’s Hardy)

27. How Fruit Trees and Berries Are
Propagated
• Rhizomes (raspberries)
• Stolons or runners (strawberries)
• Seeds (colonial times)
• Grafting (Clones of fruit trees with
desired characteristics)
• Scions, Buds and Rootstocks

28. Natural Graft

29. Rootstocks

30. Ready to Graft

31. First cut showing cambial ring

32. Second cut on rootstock and scion

33. Whip and tongue graft

34. Secure graft with grafting rubber

35. Graft Secured

36. Wrap with grafting tape; wax top

37. Planting in Nursery Rows

38. Sprout on graft

39. Bare Root Apple Whip

40. More Choices
• Bare root vs. potted trees
• Do you need pollenizers?
• Spring or Fall planting
• Tree size

41. My Preferences
• Plant Bare Root Trees in the Spring
• Grow Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
• on Dwarfing Rootstocks

42. Size control using rootstocks

43. Standard Semi-dwarf Dwarf
Tree sizes

44. Standard Tree Semi Dwarf

45. Dwarf apple orchard

46. Dwarf Apple Tree (must be supported)

47. Easy access to harvest

48. Getting Started

49. Take a Soil Sample!

50. Enhancing Soils
• Agricultural sulfur (Tiger 90) to lower pH
• Green cover crop: winter (annual) rye,
winter wheat
• Mulch and Manure

51. Soil prep

52. M&M
Mulch and Manure (composted horse)

53. Mineral Deficiencies
• Calcium deficiency--Bitter Pit
• Iron deficiency—Chlorosis
• Zinc deficiency

54. Bitter pit—Ca deficiency

55. Zinc Deficiency

56. Chlorosis (Fe deficiency)

57. Chlorosis
on
Cucumber

58. Causes of mineral deficiencies
• Soil deficient of particular mineral

59. Causes of mineral deficiencies
• Soil deficient of particular mineral
• OVERWATERING!!!!

60. Treatment for mineral deficiencies
• Stop Overwatering!
• Analyze soil adjust pH
• Apply Agricultural Sulphur
• Mulch, Mulch, Mulch

61. My Preference
• Plant Bare Root Trees in the Spring
• Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
• on Dwarfing Rootstocks.

62. Planting

63. Planting

64. Training Young Trees

65. Apical
Dominance
Note the near
horizontal limb
angles

66. Bare Root Tree
note the branch angles

67. Training Horizontal Limbs--Before

68. Training horizontal limbs--after

69. Forked
growth
Note the pale
leaves

70. Spring: Begin Spray Program

71. READ and FOLLOW
PRODUCT LABEL
INSTRUCTIONS

72. Use protective gear!

73. Read and follow label instructions!

74. Know the Pest and Pesticide
• Identify the pest you want to control (kill).
• Read the label on the pesticide product.
• Make sure the pest and the fruit you need to
spray are both listed on the label.

75. “ALTERNATIVE PEST CONTROLS”

76. Fruit Tree Spray Program
• Dormant Oil—aphids, mites, scale
• Fungicide—scale, p. mildew, rust
• Insecticide—codling moth larvae

77. Dormant buds on apple

78. Delayed dormant buds on pear and cherry

79. ¼ inch green tip
pear and cherry
Dormant oil spray
Aphids

80. Aphid

81. Ladybug (ladybird beetle)

82. Aphids with Lacewing

83. Ladybug larvae

84. Beneficial Insects
• Lady Bugs
• Lacewings
• Mantis

85. Half-inch Green Tip
fungicide spray for powdery mildew

86. Powdery mildew

87. First Pink—Apple NO PESTICIDES!!!

88. Full Bloom

89. Full Bloom--Peach

90. Apple blossoms

91. Nectarine blossoms

92. Orchard blossoms

93. Pollenizers (other fruit variety), Pollinators (bees)

94. Bumble bee

95. Fruit Set on Peach—thinning time

96. Peach after thinning

97. Fruit Cluster—close up

98. Apple after thinning

99. Well-thinned Cortland apples

100. Codling Moth—first evening at 62 degrees

101. Codling moths damage apples, pears, and …

102. Codling moth frass

103. One rotten apple will spoil the barrel

104. Know
your
enemy
Life Cycle
Codling
Moth
3 hatches
per year

105. UC Davis Codling Moth Factsheet

106. Monitoring: Codling moth pheromone trap

107. Catch moths on 3 consecutive days--Biofix

108. Degree Day Table or Calculator

109. Determine when to spray
• Monitor traps determine biofix
• Google “codling moth degree days”
• Use chart max/min temperatures
• Add up hours
• At 200-250 hours from biofix
• SPRAY

110. Coming

111. Going

112. ‘No Spray’ Option
Bagging Fruit

113. Thinning time is Bagging time

114. Bagging option
• Thin fruit
• Spray
• Bag

115. Bagged Fuji
Photo courtesy of Ed Franks, hobby orchardist, Illinois, NAFEX

116. Fruit Tree Spray Program
• Dormant Oil—aphids, mites, scales
– Winter (optional)
– ¼” green tip
• Fungicide—scale, p. mildew, rust
– Half inch green to pink
• Insecticide—codling moth larvae
– Pheromone traps at full bloom
– Determine biofix
– Count degree days
– Spray insecticide
– Repeat for 3 hatches per year

117. Fall

118. Good Cultural Practices In Autumn
• Pick up fruit as it falls
• Do not leave fruit on trees over winter
• Paint trunks or use tree wraps
• Clear leaves and mulch away from tree
trunks
• Water as needed during winter months;
check moisture on holidays.

119. Earwig eggs in apple mummy

120. Earwigs

121. Protect Tree
Trunks
Sunscald on Peach

122. Install Tree
Guards
or
Paint Trunks
50/50 white
latex paint
and water

123. Clear area around trunk

124. Enjoy and Learn
• Weekly tours
• Buy the book and use it!
• Google: The answer to all questions is there
• University of Nevada, Reno
Cooperative Extension 784-4848
A Master Gardener is waiting for your call!
michael@michaelsapples.com Newsletter

125. bumblebee